Life cycle assessment of low cost retrofit options of educational building considering renewable and non‐renewable energies

Commercial and building sectors account for 34% of total energy consumption in Iran. Increasing demand of the level of comfort along with population growth necessitate much more attention about energy requirements in the country. Such phenomenons have already raised concerns about the security of energy supply and heavy environmental impacts. These concerns can significantly be reduced by implementing retrofit options in existing buildings. The Department of Energy Engineering of Sharif University of Technology is selected as the case study with 181KWh/m2 annual heating and cooling demand, 29 KWh/m2 annual lightening and 15 KWh/m2 electrical appliances energy demand. Environmental concerns are accounted by means of Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) principles that evaluate the impacts associated with burning natural gas along with the electricity consumed for meeting building comfort demand. In this paper, three scenarios are evaluated and compared by considering life cycle assessment. The first scenario considers the retrofit strategies which affects the building demand like shading effect and infiltration rate.The other scenarios consider the retrofit options of the supply building energy system to meet the energy demand, like elevating efficiency of equipment and also operational scheduling and planning of the HVAC systems and utilizing renewable energy for supplying part of building energy with regards to the working time of the building. Utilizing LCA for these scenarios provide better information about the impact of applied strategies through the whole supply chain of the system under study. This will facilitate the decision making process of retrofit project

Retrofit design of energy efficient buildings using Life Cycle Assessment case study on research institute building

Energy use in educational buildings constitutes a major proportion of the energy consumption and anthropogenic emissions. Such buildings account for 34% of total energy consumption in the Iran. To find the most beneficial retrofits in the educational buildings to satisfy energy demands increasing in recent years and decreasing the heavy environmental impacts, in this paper the multi-story educational building “Sharif Energy Research Institute” located in Tehran is chosen as a case study to assess its thermal loads in the first step and life cycle assessment in the second step. The Sharif Energy Research Institute building’s base load is calculated based on weather data which is published by METOTEST. The heating and cooling demands are 160.7 and 360.8 MWH, respectively. In this paper, three scenarios are evaluated and compared by considering life cycle assessment. The first scenario considers the retrofit strategies which affect the building demand like space occupation regime managements, shading effects, and infiltration rates. The other scenarios consider the retrofit options of the supply building energy system to meet the energy demand, like elevating efficiency of equipment and also operational scheduling and planning of the HVAC systems and utilizing renewable energy for supplying part of building energy with regards to the working time of the building. Utilizing LCA for these scenarios provides better information about the impact of applied strategies through the whole supply chain of the system under study. This will facilitate the decision making process of retrofit project for the institute. It is notable to mention that all impact factor categories (global warming potential, Ozen depletion potential, nitrification potential and solid waste generation) correlate closely with primary energy demand in this work

ІННОВАЦІЇ ЯК ІНСТРУМЕНТ ПІДВИЩЕННЯ КОНКУРЕНТОСПРОМОЖНОСТІ ГІРНИЧО – ВИДОБУВНОГО ПІДПРИЄМСТВА

Розглянуто сутність та методи оцінки конкурентоспроможності гірничо-видобувного підприємства. Визначені фактори, що впливають на їх конкурентоспроможність. Досліджено механізм впливу інновацій на підвищення конкурентоспроможності підприємства видобувної галузі. Essence and methods of estimation of competitiveness of enterprise is considered. Factors which influence on a competitiveness of mining – extractive enterprise are defined. The mechanism of influence of innovations on the increase of competitiveness of enterprise of extractive industryis investigated

Selection of Wastewater Treatment Plants Toward a Sustainable Design and Water Reuse: (A Case Study in the City of Mashhad)

The need for water reuse application in Mashhad which is the second largest city of Iran has been recognized in recent years. This need has forced local authorities to pursue upgrading the existing or installing the more advanced wastewater treatment plants for potential water reuse applications. However, the selection of suitable wastewater treatment train technologies is complex and may require a user-friendly tool to facilitate decision-making process for authorities, which is the focus of this paper. To advance the main focus of the study, this paper is prepared to develop and simulate various treatment train technologies based on multiple criteria analysis considering technical, social, economic, and environmental issues. The treatment technologies considered for simulations in this study include Moving Bed Bio Reactor, Integrated Fixed Film Activated Sludge, Sequencing Batch Reactor, Anaerobic/Anoxic/Oxic, and Modified Ludzack-Ettinger. At first, multiple simulations were performed and then a multi-criteria analysis was performed in order to select the most appropriate treatment technology. As part of this study, additional simulations were performed with respect to different sludge management alternatives including the utilization of energy produced from biogas. The overall results showed that A2/O treatment technology is the most suitable treatment for producing a highly reliable effluent quality for sustainable use of water reuse. With additional local data collection, the methods and the preliminary simulations performed in this study can further be improved to enhance the current decision-making tool for possible future practical use in Mashhad and other cities in Iran