D-term Uplifts in Non-Supersymmetric Heterotic String Models

Recently, we proposed that the one-loop tadpole diagram in perturbative non-supersymmetric heterotic string vacua that contain an anomalous $U(1)$ symmetry, leads to an analog of the Fayet-Iliopoulos $D$-term in $\mathcal{N}=1$ supersymmetric models, and may uplift the vacuum energy from negative to positive value. In this paper, we extend this analysis to new types of vacua, including those with Stringy Scherk-Schwarz (SSS) spontaneous supersymmetry breaking versus those with explicit breaking. We develop a criteria that facilitates the extraction of vacua with Scherk-Schwarz breaking. We develop systematic tools to analyse the T-duality property of some of the vacua and demonstrate them in several examples. The extraction of the anomalous $U(1)$ $D$-terms is obtained in two ways. The first utilises the calculation of the $U(1)$-charges from the partition function, whereas the second utilises the free fermionic classification methodology to classify large spaces of vacua and analyse the properties of the massless spectrum. The systematic classification method also ensures that the models are free from physical tachyons. We provide a systematic tool to relate the free fermionic basis vectors and one-loop Generalised GSO phases that define the string models, to the one-loop partition function in the orbifold representation. We argue that a $D$-term uplift, while rare, is possible for both the SSS class of models, as well as in those with explicit breaking. We discuss the steps needed to further develop the arguments presented here.Comment: 38 pages, 15 figure

Fayet-Iliopoulos D-Term in Non-Supersymmetric Heterotic String Orbifolds

The Fayet-Iliopoulos $D$-term is a common feature in $\mathcal{N}=1$ string vacua that contain an anomalous $U(1)$ gauge symmetry, and arises from a one--loop diagram in string perturbation theory. The same diagram is generated in string vacua in which supersymmetry is broken directly at the string scale, either via spontaneous Scherk-Schwarz breaking, in which case the gravitino mass is determined by the radius of the circle used in the Scherk-Schwarz mechanism, or via explicit supersymmetry breaking by the GSO projections. We analyse the resulting would-be Fayet-Illiopoulos $D$-term in the non-supersymmetric string vacua and its contribution to the vacuum energy. A numerical estimate in an explicit tachyon-free string-derived model suggests that the would-be $D$-term contribution may uplift the vacuum energy to a positive value.Comment: 11 pages, 1 figur

Vacuum energy of nonsupersymmetric ˜ S heterotic string models

We use the free fermionic formulation of the heterotic string in four dimensions to study the vacuum structure and energy of nonsupersymmetric tachyon free models that correspond to compactifications of tachyonic vacua of the ten-dimensional heterotic string. We explore the class of heterotic SO(10) nonsupersymmetric models constructed from the S˜ model in the free fermionic formalism and investigate the dependence of the potential on the geometric moduli. This paper will explore a sample of 109 string vacua to find the frequency of viable models, classifying these vacua by the following fertility criteria: tachyon presence, number of spinorial 16/16¯ representations, vectorial 10 states, and top quark mass coupling compatibility. Of these we find those that mimic supersymmetric models with equal number of bosons and fermions at the massless level: a00=0. Tachyon free models occur with a frequency of 5.309×10−3. Furthermore, models that fulfil the rest of the phenomenological fertility conditions and the additional condition on a00 occur with probability 4.0×10−9 We analyze the partition functions and study the moduli dependence of such models, finding that almost all fertile models have finite, positive potential at the free fermionic point, with 2 out of 84 of the fertile cores having negative, finite potential. We demonstrate that the free fermionic point is not necessarily a minimum in the potential. This work provides further evidence that supersymmetry may not be a necessary ingredient of phenomenological models, recreating many of the desirable features of such models without employing supersymmetry. Published by the American Physical Society 202

Fayet–Iliopoulos D-term in non-supersymmetric heterotic string orbifolds

The Fayet–Iliopoulos D-term is a common feature in ${\mathcal {N}}=1$ string vacua that contain an anomalous U(1) gauge symmetry, and arises from a one-loop diagram in string perturbation theory. The same diagram is generated in string vacua in which supersymmetry is broken directly at the string scale, either via spontaneous Scherk–Schwarz breaking, in which case the gravitino mass is determined by the radius of the circle used in the Scherk–Schwarz mechanism, or via explicit supersymmetry breaking by the GSO projections. We analyse the resulting would-be Fayet–Illiopoulos D-term in the non-supersymmetric string vacua and its contribution to the vacuum energy. A numerical estimate in an explicit tachyon-free string-derived model suggests that the would-be D-term contribution may uplift the vacuum energy to a positive value.The Fayet-Iliopoulos $D$-term is a common feature in $\mathcal{N}=1$ string vacua that contain an anomalous $U(1)$ gauge symmetry, and arises from a one--loop diagram in string perturbation theory. The same diagram is generated in string vacua in which supersymmetry is broken directly at the string scale, either via spontaneous Scherk-Schwarz breaking, in which case the gravitino mass is determined by the radius of the circle used in the Scherk-Schwarz mechanism, or via explicit supersymmetry breaking by the GSO projections. We analyse the resulting would-be Fayet-Illiopoulos $D$-term in the non-supersymmetric string vacua and its contribution to the vacuum energy. A numerical estimate in an explicit tachyon-free string-derived model suggests that the would-be $D$-term contribution may uplift the vacuum energy to a positive value

<math display="inline"><mi>D</mi></math>-term uplifts in nonsupersymmetric heterotic string models

Recently, we proposed that the one-loop tadpole diagram in perturbative nonsupersymmetric heterotic string vacua that contain an anomalous U(1) symmetry, leads to an analog of the Fayet-Iliopoulos D-term in N=1 supersymmetric models, and may uplift the vacuum energy from negative to positive value. In this paper, we extend this analysis to new types of vacua, including those with stringy Scherk-Schwarz (SSS) spontaneous supersymmetry breaking versus those with explicit breaking. We develop a criteria that facilitates the extraction of vacua with Scherk-Schwarz breaking. We develop systematic tools to analyze the T-duality property of some of the vacua and demonstrate them in several examples. The extraction of the anomalous U(1) D-terms is obtained in two ways. The first utilizes the calculation of the U(1)-charges from the partition function, whereas the second utilizes the free fermionic classification methodology to classify large spaces of vacua and analyze the properties of the massless spectrum. The systematic classification method also ensures that the models are free from physical tachyons. We provide a systematic tool to relate the free fermionic basis vectors and one-loop generalized GSO phases that define the string models, to the one-loop partition function in the orbifold representation. We argue that a D-term uplift, while rare, is possible for both the SSS class of models, as well as in those with explicit breaking. We discuss the steps needed to further develop the arguments presented here.Recently, we proposed that the one-loop tadpole diagram in perturbative non-supersymmetric heterotic string vacua that contain an anomalous $U(1)$ symmetry, leads to an analog of the Fayet-Iliopoulos $D$-term in $\mathcal{N}=1$ supersymmetric models, and may uplift the vacuum energy from negative to positive value. In this paper, we extend this analysis to new types of vacua, including those with Stringy Scherk-Schwarz (SSS) spontaneous supersymmetry breaking versus those with explicit breaking. We develop a criteria that facilitates the extraction of vacua with Scherk-Schwarz breaking. We develop systematic tools to analyse the T-duality property of some of the vacua and demonstrate them in several examples. The extraction of the anomalous $U(1)$$D$-terms is obtained in two ways. The first utilises the calculation of the $U(1)$-charges from the partition function, whereas the second utilises the free fermionic classification methodology to classify large spaces of vacua and analyse the properties of the massless spectrum. The systematic classification method also ensures that the models are free from physical tachyons. We provide a systematic tool to relate the free fermionic basis vectors and one-loop Generalised GSO phases that define the string models, to the one-loop partition function in the orbifold representation. We argue that a $D$-term uplift, while rare, is possible for both the SSS class of models, as well as in those with explicit breaking. We discuss the steps needed to further develop the arguments presented here