Warfarin doses for anticoagulation therapy in elderly patients with chronic atrial fibrillation

OBJECTIVE: Anticoagulation is a challenge for the prophylaxis of thromboembolic events in elderly patients with chronic atrial fibrillation. Stable anticoagulation is defined as the time within >70% of the therapeutic range. However, the dosage required to achieve stable anticoagulation remains unknown. The aim of this study was to analyze the warfarin dose necessary for the maintenance of stable oral anticoagulation therapy in elderly patients. METHODS: We analyzed 112 consecutive outpatients with atrial fibrillation who were >65 years of age, had received anticoagulation therapy with warfarin for more than 1 year and had a stable international normalized ratio between 2.0 and 3.0 for >6 months. The international normalized ratio was measured in the central laboratory using the traditional method. RESULTS: The patients were stratified according to the following age groups: <75 or >75 years and <80 or >80 years. The mean daily doses of warfarin were similar for patients <75 or >75 years (3.34+1.71 versus 3.26 +1.27 mg/ day, p = 0.794) and <80 or >80 years (3.36+ 1.49 versus 3.15 + 1.23 mg/day, p = 0.433). In 88 (79%) patients, the daily warfarin dose was between 2 and 5 mg/day; in 13 (11%) patients, the daily warfarin dose was <2.0 mg/day; and in 11 (10%) patients, the daily warfarin dose was >5.0 mg/day. The correlation between the daily warfarin dose and the international normalized ratio was 0.22 (p = 0.012). CONCLUSION: Stable anticoagulation was achieved in 80% of patients who received doses of 2 to 5 mg/day of warfarin, and the mean daily dose was similar across the age groups analyzed

In-hospital death in acute coronary syndrome was related to admission glucose in men but not in women

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Admission hyperglycaemia is associated with mortality in patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS), but controversy exists whether hyperglycaemia uniformly affects both genders. We evaluated coronary risk factors, gender, hyperglycaemia and their effect on hospital mortality.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>959 ACS patients (363 women and 596 men) were grouped based on glycaemia ≥ or < 200 mg/dL and gender: men with glucose < 200 mg/dL (menG-); women with glucose < 200 mg/dL (womenG-); men with glucose ≥ 200 mg/dL (menG+); and women with glucose ≥ 200 mg/dL (womenG+). A logistic regression analysis compared the relation between gender and glycaemia groups and death, adjusted for coronary risk factors and laboratory data.</p> <p>Results group</p> <p>menG- had lower mortality than menG + (OR = 0.172, IC95% 0.062-0.478), and womenG + (OR = 0.275, IC95% 0.090-0.841); womenG- mortality was lower than menG + (OR = 0.230, IC95% 0.074-0.717). No difference was found between menG + vs womenG + (p = 0.461), or womenG- vs womenG + (p = 0.110). Age (OR = 1.067, IC95% 1.031–1.104), EF (OR = 0.942, IC95% 0.915-0.968), and serum creatinine (OR = 1.329, IC95% 1.128-1.566) were other independent factors related to in-hospital death.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>Death was greater in hyperglycemic men compared to lower blood glucose men and women groups, but there was no differences between women groups in respect to glycaemia after adjustment for coronary risk factors.</p

BNP and Admission Glucose as In-Hospital Mortality Predictors in Non-ST Elevation Myocardial Infarction

Objectives. Admission hyperglycemia and B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) are associated with mortality in acute coronary syndromes, but no study compares their prediction in-hospital death. Methods. Patients with non-ST-elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI), in-hospital mortality and two-year mortality or readmission were compared for area under the curve (AUC), sensitivity (SEN), specificity (SPE), positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV), and accuracy (ACC) of glycemia and BNP. Results. Respectively, AUC, SEN, SPE, PPV, NPV, and ACC for prediction of in-hospital mortality were 0.815, 71.4%, 84.3%, 26.3%, 97.4%, and 83.3% for glycemia = 200 mg/dL and 0.748, 71.4%, 68.5%, 15.2%, 96.8% and 68.7% for BNP = 300 pg/mL. AUC of glycemia was similar to BNP (P = 0.411). In multivariate analysis we found glycemia ≥200mg/dL related to in-hospital death (P = 0.004). No difference was found in two-year mortality or readmission in BNP or hyperglycemic subgroups. Conclusion. Hyperglycemia was an independent risk factor for in-hospital mortality in NSTEMI and had a good ROC curve level. Hyperglycemia and BNP, although poor in-hospital predictors of unfavorable events, were independent risk factors for death or length of stay >10 days. No relation was found between hyperglycemia or BNP and long-term events

Hora da admissão na unidade de emergência e mortalidade hospitalar na síndrome coronária aguda

FUNDAMENTO: Há controvérsias sobre a hora da admissão e os desfechos hospitalares da síndrome coronária aguda (SCA). A admissão em horários não regulares seria associada ao pior prognóstico dos pacientes. OBJETIVO: Analisar a influência da hora da admissão na internação prolongada e na mortalidade de pacientes com SCA, segundo os períodos diurno (das 7h às 19h) e noturno (das 19h às 7h). MÉTODOS: Foram avaliados, prospectivamente, 1.104 pacientes consecutivos com SCA. O óbito intra-hospitalar e a internação igual ou superior a cinco dias foram os desfechos analisados. RESULTADOS: A admissão no período diurno foi maior em comparação ao noturno (63% vs. 37%; p < 0,001). A angina instável foi mais prevalente no período diurno (43% vs. 32%; p < 0,001) e o infarto sem supradesnivelamento do segmento ST (IAMssST) no noturno (33% vs. 43%; p = 0,001). Não se observaram diferenças na mortalidade e no tempo de internação nos períodos estudados. Os fatores de predição de internação igual ou superior a cinco dias foram: idade [OR 1,042 (IC 95% 1,025 - 1,058), p < 0,001]; fração de ejeção (FE) [OR 0,977 (IC 95% 0,966 - 0,988), p < 0,001]; IAMssST [OR 1,699 (IC 95% 1,221 - 2,366), p = 0,001]; e tabagismo [OR 1,723 (IC 95% 1,113 - 2,668), p = 0,014]. Para o óbito intra-hospitalar, foram: idade [OR 1,090 (IC 95% 1,047 - 1,134), p < 0,001]; FE [OR 0,936 (IC 95% 0,909 - 0,964), p < 0,001]; e tratamento cirúrgico [OR 3,781 (IC 95% 1,374 - 10,409), p = 0,01]. CONCLUSÃO: A internação prolongada e óbito intra-hospitalar em pacientes com SCA independem do horário de admissão