Meeting the unmet: from traditional to cutting-edge techniques for poly lactide and poly lactide-co-glycolide microparticle manufacturing

Polylactides (PLA) and poly lactide-co-glycolides (PLGA) undoubtedly are among the major drivers in the pharmaceutical market. Their relevance in pharmaceutics and biomedicine is well established in light of their sustainability, safety, tunable biodegradability, and versatility. However, polymer degradability and plasticity can somehow restrain industrial developability of PLA and PLGA formulations, especially in the form of microparticles (MP). This review wants to deal with the known manufacturing issues of PLA/PLGA MP, debating the potential contribution of modern and cutting-edge manufacturing technologies to the solution of unmet production needs. Technological and regulatory aspects will be considered outlining the potential role of advanced manufacturing techniques in the advancement of PLA/PLGA MP production processes. The multifaceted complexity of PLA/PLGA MP manufacturing processes demands adequate standardization and updated guidelines covering the so far unmet industrialization requirements. Novel and evolving manufacturing technologies will surely support the future development of bench-to-production plant transfer for such products. Careful evaluation of production costs is demanded in order to ensure process sustainability and patient's outreach

The real value of novel particulate carriers for sunscreen formulation

Solar radiation is a consolidated environmental risk factor in the development of non-melanoma skin cancer and is responsible for sunburn and skin aging. By consequence, the use of sunscreen products is considered the best approach for skin protection. Today, sunscreen products are based on conventional formulations, such as creams, milks or gels, which do not protect chemical ultraviolet filters from photodegradation and allow their systemic absorption. In this article, innovative systems, namely clays, cyclodextrins, polymer and lipid microparticles, are discussed as potential sunscreen carriers to be embedded in the aforementioned formulations. Their capability to improve sunscreen performances, to reduce their potential toxicity issues and to overcome formulation problems are examined also

Dynamics of Clay-Intercalated Ibuprofen Studied by Solid State Nuclear Magnetic Resonance

In designing drug delivery systems with improved release properties and bioavailability, the dynamic features of the active pharmaceutical ingredient can be crucial for the final product properties. In this work, we aimed at obtaining the first characterization of the molecular dynamic properties of one of the most common nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug, ibuprofen, intercalated in hydrotalcite, an interesting inorganic carrier. By exploiting a variety of solid state NMR techniques, including 1H and 13C MAS spectra and T1 relaxation measurements, performed at variable temperature and carrying out a synergic analysis of all results, it has been possible to ascertain that the mobility of ibuprofen within the carrier is remarkably increased. In particular, strong indications have been obtained that ibuprofen molecules, in addition to internal interconformational dynamics, experience an overall molecular motion. Also considering that ibuprofen is "anchored" to the charged surface of the hydrotalcite layers through its carboxylate moiety, such motion could be a wobbling-in-a-cone. Activation energies and correlation times of all the motions of intercalated ibuprofen have been determined

Biologics, theranostics, and personalized medicine in drug delivery systems

The progress in human disease treatment can be greatly advanced through the implementation of nanomedicine. This approach involves targeted and cell-specific therapy, controlled drug release, personalized dosage forms, wearable drug delivery, and companion diagnostics. By integrating cutting-edge technologies with drug delivery systems, greater precision can be achieved at the tissue and cellular levels through the use of stimuli-responsive nanoparticles, and the development of electrochemical sensor systems. This precision targeting – by virtue of nanotechnology – allows for therapy to be directed specifically to affected tissues while greatly reducing side effects on healthy tissues. As such, nanomedicine has the potential to transform the treatment of conditions such as cancer, genetic diseases, and chronic illnesses by facilitating precise and cell-specific drug delivery. Additionally, personalized dosage forms and wearable devices offer the ability to tailor treatment to the unique needs of each patient, thereby increasing therapeutic effectiveness and compliance. Companion diagnostics further enable efficient monitoring of treatment response, enabling customized adjustments to the treatment plan. The question of whether all the potential therapeutic approaches outlined here are viable alternatives to current treatments is also discussed. In general, the application of nanotechnology in the field of biomedicine may provide a strong alternative to existing treatments for several reasons. In this review, we aim to present evidence that, although in early stages, fully merging advanced technology with innovative drug delivery shows promise for successful implementation across various disease areas, including cancer and genetic or chronic diseases

Capreomycin inhalable powders prepared with an innovative spray-drying technique

The aim of the work was to produce inhalable capreomycin powders using a novel spray-drying technology. A 2(3) factorial design was used to individuate the best working conditions. The maximum desirability was identified at the smallest mean volume diameter (dv) and span, and the highest yield. Powders were characterized for size, morphology, flowability and aerodynamic properties. Mathematical models showed a good predictivity with biases lower than 20%. The maximum conformity with desirability criteria was obtained spraying a 10mg/mL bacitracin solution at 111 °C with the 4 μm pore size membrane. By processing capreomycin sulfate with the parameters optimized for bacitracin, an inhalable powder was obtained (i.e., yield of 82%, dv of 3.83 μm, and span of 1.04). By further optimization, capreomycin sulfate powder characteristics were improved (i.e., yield, ∼71%; dv, 3.25 μm; span, 0.95). After formulation with lactose, emitted dose and respirable fraction of 87% and ∼27% were obtained, respectively. Two capreomycin sulfate powders with suitable properties for inhalation were produced using the nano spray-dryer B-90

Turning Microbial AhR Agonists into Therapeutic Agents via Drug Delivery Systems

Developing therapeutics for inflammatory diseases is challenging due to physiological mucosal barriers, systemic side effects, and the local microbiota. In the search for novel methods to overcome some of these problems, drug delivery systems that improve tissue-targeted drug delivery and modulate the microbiota are highly desirable. Microbial metabolites are known to regulate immune responses, an observation that has resulted in important conceptual advances in areas such as metabolite pharmacology and metabolite therapeutics. Indeed, the doctrine of “one molecule, one target, one disease” that has dominated the pharmaceutical industry in the 20th century is being replaced by developing therapeutics which simultaneously manipulate multiple targets through novel formulation approaches, including the multitarget-directed ligands. Thus, metabolites may not only represent biomarkers for disease development, but also, being causally linked to human diseases, an unexploited source of therapeutics. We have shown the successful exploitation of this approach: by deciphering how signaling molecules, such as the microbial metabolite, indole-3-aldehyde, and the repurposed drug anakinra, interact with the aryl hydrocarbon receptor may pave the way for novel therapeutics in inflammatory human diseases, for the realization of which drug delivery platforms are instrumental

Aerodynamic properties and pharmacokinetics of capreomycin oleate supergenerics

info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublishe