58 research outputs found

    Fuzzy Tandem Repeats Containing p53 Response Elements May Define Species-Specific p53 Target Genes

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    Evolutionary forces that shape regulatory networks remain poorly understood. In mammals, the Rb pathway is a classic example of species-specific gene regulation, as a germline mutation in one Rb allele promotes retinoblastoma in humans, but not in mice. Here we show that p53 transactivates the Retinoblastoma-like 2 (Rbl2) gene to produce p130 in murine, but not human, cells. We found intronic fuzzy tandem repeats containing perfect p53 response elements to be important for this regulation. We next identified two other murine genes regulated by p53 via fuzzy tandem repeats: Ncoa1 and Klhl26. The repeats are poorly conserved in evolution, and the p53-dependent regulation of the murine genes is lost in humans. Our results indicate a role for the rapid evolution of tandem repeats in shaping differences in p53 regulatory networks between mammalian species

    GPR30, the Non-Classical Membrane G Protein Related Estrogen Receptor, Is Overexpressed in Human Seminoma and Promotes Seminoma Cell Proliferation

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    BACKGROUND: Testicular germ cell tumours are the most frequent cancer of young men with an increasing incidence all over the world. Pathogenesis and reasons of this increase remain unknown but epidemiological and clinical data have suggested that fetal exposure to environmental endocrine disruptors (EEDs) with estrogenic effects, could participate to testicular germ cell carcinogenesis. However, these EEDs (like bisphenol A) are often weak ligands for classical nuclear estrogen receptors. Several research groups recently showed that the non classical membrane G-protein coupled estrogen receptor (GPER/GPR30) mediates the effects of estrogens and several xenoestrogens through rapid non genomic activation of signal transduction pathways in various human estrogen dependent cancer cells (breast, ovary, endometrium). The aim of this study was to demonstrate that GPER was overexpressed in testicular tumours and was able to trigger JKT-1 seminoma cell proliferation. RESULTS: We report here for the first time a complete morphological and functional characterization of GPER in normal and malignant human testicular germ cells. In normal adult human testes, GPER was expressed by somatic (Sertoli cells) and germ cells (spermatogonia and spermatocytes). GPER was exclusively overexpressed in seminomas, the most frequent testicular germ cell cancer, localized at the cell membrane and triggered a proliferative effect on JKT-1 cells in vitro, which was completely abolished by G15 (a GPER selective antagonist) and by siRNA invalidation. CONCLUSION: These results demonstrate that GPER is expressed by human normal adult testicular germ cells, specifically overexpressed in seminoma tumours and able to trigger seminoma cell proliferation in vitro. It should therefore be considered rather than classical ERs when xeno-estrogens or other endocrine disruptors are assessed in testicular germ cell cancers. It may also represent a prognosis marker and/or a therapeutic target for seminomas

    The FANCM:p.Arg658* truncating variant is associated with risk of triple-negative breast cancer

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    Abstract: Breast cancer is a common disease partially caused by genetic risk factors. Germline pathogenic variants in DNA repair genes BRCA1, BRCA2, PALB2, ATM, and CHEK2 are associated with breast cancer risk. FANCM, which encodes for a DNA translocase, has been proposed as a breast cancer predisposition gene, with greater effects for the ER-negative and triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) subtypes. We tested the three recurrent protein-truncating variants FANCM:p.Arg658*, p.Gln1701*, and p.Arg1931* for association with breast cancer risk in 67,112 cases, 53,766 controls, and 26,662 carriers of pathogenic variants of BRCA1 or BRCA2. These three variants were also studied functionally by measuring survival and chromosome fragility in FANCM−/− patient-derived immortalized fibroblasts treated with diepoxybutane or olaparib. We observed that FANCM:p.Arg658* was associated with increased risk of ER-negative disease and TNBC (OR = 2.44, P = 0.034 and OR = 3.79; P = 0.009, respectively). In a country-restricted analysis, we confirmed the associations detected for FANCM:p.Arg658* and found that also FANCM:p.Arg1931* was associated with ER-negative breast cancer risk (OR = 1.96; P = 0.006). The functional results indicated that all three variants were deleterious affecting cell survival and chromosome stability with FANCM:p.Arg658* causing more severe phenotypes. In conclusion, we confirmed that the two rare FANCM deleterious variants p.Arg658* and p.Arg1931* are risk factors for ER-negative and TNBC subtypes. Overall our data suggest that the effect of truncating variants on breast cancer risk may depend on their position in the gene. Cell sensitivity to olaparib exposure, identifies a possible therapeutic option to treat FANCM-associated tumors

    A case-only study to identify genetic modifiers of breast cancer risk for BRCA1/BRCA2 mutation carriers

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    Abstract: Breast cancer (BC) risk for BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutation carriers varies by genetic and familial factors. About 50 common variants have been shown to modify BC risk for mutation carriers. All but three, were identified in general population studies. Other mutation carrier-specific susceptibility variants may exist but studies of mutation carriers have so far been underpowered. We conduct a novel case-only genome-wide association study comparing genotype frequencies between 60,212 general population BC cases and 13,007 cases with BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutations. We identify robust novel associations for 2 variants with BC for BRCA1 and 3 for BRCA2 mutation carriers, P < 10−8, at 5 loci, which are not associated with risk in the general population. They include rs60882887 at 11p11.2 where MADD, SP11 and EIF1, genes previously implicated in BC biology, are predicted as potential targets. These findings will contribute towards customising BC polygenic risk scores for BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutation carriers

    A case-only study to identify genetic modifiers of breast cancer risk for BRCA1/BRCA2 mutation carriers

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    Breast cancer (BC) risk for BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutation carriers varies by genetic and familial factors. About 50 common variants have been shown to modify BC risk for mutation carriers. All but three, were identified in general population studies. Other mutation carrier-specific susceptibility variants may exist but studies of mutation carriers have so far been underpowered. We conduct a novel case-only genome-wide association study comparing genotype frequencies between 60,212 general population BC cases and 13,007 cases with BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutations. We identify robust novel associations for 2 variants with BC for BRCA1 and 3 for BRCA2 mutation carriers, P < 10−8, at 5 loci, which are not associated with risk in the general population. They include rs60882887 at 11p11.2 where MADD, SP11 and EIF1, genes previously implicated in BC biology, are predicted as potential targets. These findings will contribute towards customising BC polygenic risk scores for BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutation carriers

    Place de la TEP-TDM au 18FDG et de l'IRM de diffusion dans le bilan initial du cancer du col utérin

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    Introduction : Le but de cette Ă©tude est d'Ă©valuer dans le bilan initial du cancer du col utĂ©rin: (a) la concordance ganglionnaire pelvienne entre la tomographie par Ă©mission de positons (TEP) au 18F,fluorodĂ©soxyglucose (18FDG) etl ' IRM de diffusion (b) la valeur pronostique des paramĂštres quantitatifs tumoraux, le SUVmax ct l'ADCmoyen dĂ©fin is sur l'imagerie (c) d'Ă©tudier les performances diagnostiques de la TEP comparativement Ă  l'histologie ganglionnaire. MatĂ©riel et mĂ©thodes 49 patientes traitĂ©es pour un cancer du col utĂ©rin de stade FIGO>=B1 Ă©valuĂ©es initialement par TEP (n=49) et IRM de diffusion (n=34) Ă©taient incluses rĂ©trospectivement. Un ganglion Ă©tait pasitiren IRM en cas d'hypersignal diffusion et de petit axe>=8 mm. La concordance Ă©tait calculĂ©e par le coefficient de kappa. Une analyse uni variĂ©e selon Mann-Whitney a Ă©tĂ© rĂ©alisĂ©e pour dĂ©terminer si le SUV max et l' ADC moyen Ă©taient des facteurs pronostiques. RĂ©sultats Le taux de concordance ganglionnaire pelvienne par patiente entre le TEP et l'IRM de diffusion est de 0,91. Le SUV max tumoral est diffĂ©rent entre les stades FIGO 1 versus Il et IV et entre le rĂ©ponse complĂšte (8,32) versus partielle (13,55) Ă  la radiochimiothĂ©rapie (p=0,093). L'atteinte ganglionnaire avait un impact sur la survie sans progression (p=0,0027), La spĂ©cificitĂ© et la valeur prĂ©dictive nĂ©gative (VPN) de la TEP pour les ganglions pelviens (n=8) sont respectivement de 100% et 87,5%. La VPN pour l'Ă©valuation ganglionnaire lombo-aortique (n=24) est de 100%. Conclusion La TEP ell 'IRM de diffusion sont concordants pour la stadificalion ganglionnaire pelvienne. Le SUV mu semble avoir un intĂ©rĂȘt pronostique contrairement Ă  l'ADCmoyen L'Ă©tude confirme la trĂšs bonne VPN de la TEP dans la stadification ganglionnaire lomboaortiqueMONTPELLIER-BU MĂ©decine UPM (341722108) / SudocMONTPELLIER-BU MĂ©decine (341722104) / SudocSudocFranceF

    Ostéomyélite du pied diabétique (place du 18F-FDG TEP/TDM, de l'IRM et de la scintigraphie aux polynucléaires marqués.)

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    Une ostéite peut compliquer 10 % à 20 % des ulcérations du pied diabétique. L'imagerie joue un rÎle essentiel dans le diagnostic et le bilan de ces lésions. L 'IRM est un élément important, aidant au diagnostic mais aussi précisant l'atteinte des tissus mous pour une meilleure prise en charge chirurgicale éventuelle. Les techniques de médecine nucléaire ont une place reconnue, notamment la scintigraphie osseuse et la scintigraphie aux leucocytes marqués. L'essor de la 18F_FDG TEP/TDM ouvre de nouvelles perspectives en infectiologie. L'objectif de notre étude est d'évaluer la place de la TEP par rapport à l'IRM et à la scintigraphie aux polynucléaires marqués (PN) couplée à la scintigraphie osseuse (SO). Matériels et méthodes: Nous avons inclus de maniÚre prospective 18 patients diabétiques soit 20 zones suspectes d'ostéites (ùge: 62,9 +- 1Q,4 ans, durée du diabÚte: 19,4 +- 1.1,9 années, HbAlc : 7,7 +- 1,4 %). Tous les patients ont eu une IRM (séquences"pTl et STIR) sans injection et une TEP/TDM. Treize d'entre eux ont eu une scintigraphie aux PN marqués. Le diagnostic final était obtenu par biopsie osseuse (analyse histologique et bactériologique, n=4 patients) ou par décision collégiale aprÚs le suivi clinique du patient (3 mois, n= 14 patients). Différents sous-groupes ont été individualisés: 1. en fonction du niveau de suspicion clinique d'ostéite selon la classification de l'université du Texas (UT): suspicion élevée (Stade UT 2: 3, n=5 patients) ou suspicion faible (stade UT < 3, n=13 patients), 2. en fo~ction du contexte clinique: diagnostic initial d'ostéite (n=13 patients) ou bilan aprÚs 3 mois d'antibiothérapie (n=5 patients). Résultats: La TEP et l'IRM présentent respectivement des valeurs de sensibilité de 67 % pour les 2 examens, de spécificité de 53 % et 71 %, de VPP de 20 % et 29 %, de VPN de 90 % et 92 %et de taux d'exactitude de 55 % et 70 %. La scintigraphie aux PN marqués couplée à la SO obtient 100 % de spécificité et de VPN. Seul 3 zones suspectes sur 20 présentaient une ostéite en diagnostic final. Dans les sous groupes de faible suspicion clinique et d'évaluation à 3 mois, on observe un gain de VPN à 100 % pour la TEP et l 'IRM. Dans les sous groupes de forte suspicion clinique et de diagnostic initial, on retrouve une augmentation de la VPP, mais restant toutefois faible. Conclusion: D'aprÚs nos résultats, la TEP et l'IRM sont des examens performants pour exclure une ostéite, mais sont mis en difficultés par les lésions de pieds de Charcot comme en tétlloigne les faibles VPP retrouvées. L'étude confirme également la valeur de la scintigraphie aux PN marqués dans cette indication.MONTPELLIER-BU Médecine UPM (341722108) / SudocMONTPELLIER-BU Médecine (341722104) / SudocSudocFranceF
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