Role of uncrosslinked chains in droplets dynamics on silicone elastomers

We report an unexpected behavior in wetting dynamics on soft silicone substrates: the dynamics of aqueous droplets deposited on vertical plates of such elastomers exhibits two successive speed regimes. This macroscopic observation is found to be closely related to microscopic phenomena occurring at the scale of the polymer network: we show that uncrosslinked chains found in most widely used commercial silicone elastomers are responsible for this surprising behavior. A direct visualization of the uncrosslinked oligomers collected by water droplets is performed, evidencing that a capillarity-induced phase separation occurs: uncrosslinked oligomers are extracted from the silicone elastomer network by the water-glycerol mixture droplet. The sharp speed change is shown to coincide with an abrupt transition in surface tension of the droplets, when a critical surface concentration in uncrosslinked oligomer chains is reached. We infer that a droplet shifts to a second regime with a faster speed when it is completely covered with a homogeneous oil film

Jobs, News and Re-offending after Incarceration

We study how local labor market conditions and information about jobs affect recidivism among former inmates. Our identification strategy exploits daily variations on new job vacancies and news coverage of job openings and closings at the county level, merged with individual-level administrative data on inmates released from French prisons. Overall job creations do not affect recidivism, but inmates released when more jobs in manufacturing are created are less likely to recidivate. We also show that media coverage of job creation reduces recidivism, beyond actual employment opportunities, suggesting implications for crime-control policies: information about employment contributes to reduce recidivism

Jobs, News and Re-offending after Incarceration

We study how local labor market conditions and information about jobs affect recidivism among former inmates. Our identification strategy exploits daily variations on new job vacancies and news coverage of job openings and closings at the county level, merged with individual-level administrative data on inmates released from French prisons. Overall job creations do not affect recidivism, but inmates released when more jobs in manufacturing are created are less likely to recidivate. We also show that media coverage of job creation reduces recidivism, beyond actual employment opportunities, suggesting implications for crime-control policies: information about employment contributes to reduce recidivism

Control of the Platinum(II) ligating properties of rigid 1,2-diamines: the case of trans-2,3-diaminonorbornane.

Guided by a simple predictive model, a norbornane-based trans-1,2-diamine was identified as a potential bridging ligand for di-nuclear platinum complex formation; efficient synthesis and product characterization confirmed this hypothesis

Cartes et cartographie des ressentis et représentations d’individus : état des lieux, questions sémantiques et méthodologiques

La cartographie d’objets tels que des ressentis (une gêne) ou des représentations de l’espace vécu (un risque) relatés par des individus mobilise des bagages conceptuels et techniques nombreux, nécessitant une mise au point sémantique et méthodologique. Compte tenu de l’utilisation croissante de ce genre de cartographie, cet article discute l’état de la recherche dans ce domaine. Parfois nommée « carte mentale », cette expression relate-t-elle exactement ce que le chercheur veut représenter ? Quels objets cartographie-t-on ? Un éclaircissement du vocabulaire montre alors que l’expression « carte des ressentis et des représentations » est davantage adaptée. Par ailleurs, une discussion autour d’un travail méthodologique d’enquête et de traitement de la dimension spatiale de ce type de données révèle que l’enquête quantitative associée à une enquête cartographique est requise. In fine, cette recherche répond à un besoin observé des gestionnaires du territoire dans le cadre de planification urbaine ou de gestion des risques, au-delà du seul intérêt général scientifique en recherche appliquée.Mapping things such as feelings (e.g. discomfort) or representations of lived-spaces (risks) reported by people require substantial conceptual and technical baggage, which in turn requires a semantic and methodological focus. Given the increasing use of this type of mapping, this article will focus on the current state of research on the topic. Sometimes referred to as “mental maps”, does this expression accurately state what the researcher wants to represent? What objects are being mapped? A lexical clarification shows that the expression “a map of feelings and representations” is more precise. Furthermore, discussion about the methodological investigation and the analysis of the spatial dimension of this kind of data reveals that both a quantitative and a cartographic survey are needed. Ultimately, our research is of interest to not only scholars in applied research but also to territorial managers who need better tools to address urban planning and risk management.La representación cartográfica de los sentimientos (malestar) o las valoraciones (noción de riesgo) requieren de una reflexión metodológica y semántica para actualizar conceptos teóricos. El auge de este tipo de cartografías obliga a hacer una revisión del estado del arte. Se abren interrogantes : ¿el mapa mental describe sobre todo lo que interesa representar al investigador ?, ¿qué es lo que se cartografía ?. La terminología considera apropiada la propuesta de una cartografía de sentimientos y valoraciones. Se reflexiona sobre la metodología para espacializar los resultados aunando el tratamiento cuantitativo y el cartográfico. En definitiva, esta investigación responde a las necesidades de los gestores territoriales en planificación urbana, gestión de riesgos, o, por interés científico, en la investigación aplicada