Design Calculation of Horizontal Axis Wind Turbine Blade (1200W) for Rural Applications

This paper provides to design 1200W horizontal axis wind turbine blade for rural application. The rotor blade is design to produce 1200W power output in order to install at Mandalay Hill of Mandalay City in Myanmar at rated wind velocity 7 m/s. The rotor diameter is 2.303m and tip speed ratio is 5. The design process includes the determination of the blade airfoil, pitch angle and chord length distribution along the blade span. By using blade element theory, blade is divided into 10 elements with equal length forming 11 sections throughout the blade. This paper is intended for commercial wind turbine in rural applications. The wind generator can produce 1200W at wind velocity 7 m/s. The use of wind energy for electricity is more economical than the conventional electricity generation. It is strongly recommended that the design prototype is economic and competitive for commercialization at any windy places in Myanmar.   

Petrochemical Characteristics of Granitoid Rocks in the Southern part of Maungmagan Area, Launglon Township, Tanintharyi Region

The research area is situated in Launglon Township. Dewei District, Tanintharyi Region, covering about 64 square kilometers. It lies in the Shan Tanintharyi Block, representing the Southern part of tin-bearing granitoid belt of Southeast Asia. The area is made up of NNWSSE trending granitoid reeks; including porphyritic biotite granite, biotite granite. Porphyritic biotite microgranite, hornblende biotite granodiorite and aplite. Structurally, two minor fault systems are recognized from the satellite image and field evidences. These are NW-SE and Nearly N-S trending longitudinal fault and NE-SW trending cross fault Joint pattern shows that there were NE-SW compressional and NW- SE extensional force in the area Nearly N-S trending aplite dyke is intruded into biotite granite and then aplite dyke contains molybdenite which is in important source of economic interest. Geochemically, the granitod rocks fall in the granite and monzonite field. They are S1baIkaiinc affinity and belong to the calc-alkaline series. Moreover, porphyritic biotite granite biotite granite and porphyritic biotite microgranite fall in the high potassium calc-alkaline series hornblende biotite grandiorite falls in the calc-alkaline series. metaluminous to slightly peraluminous in nature, end I type in origin The decreasing of Al2O3, CaO, P2O5, MgO, Fe2O3, MnO and TiO2 with increasing SiO2 suggests that the granitoid rocks were formed due to fractional crystallization during magmatic evolution According to field evidences and petrographic characteristics, the granitoid rocks in the study area are considered to be magmatic a igin. Liquidus temperature can be estimated for porphyritic biotite granite and porphyritic biotite microgranite as 705°C, biotite granite as 710ºC and that of hornblende biotite granodiorite is 695°C. Generally, it may be suggested that the granitoid rocks in the study area may crystallize at depth between 20 Km and 22km and the depth of emplacement is estimated at mesozone. Radiometic dating by U Pb Zircon age method indicates that the age of porphyritic biotite granite is 61±2 Ma, biotite granite is 60.58±0.75 Ma end that of porphyritic biotite microgranite is 59.04±0.53 Ma. Therefore, the granitoid rocks in the study area were successively emplaced during Paleocene. Granites from the study area can be used as decorative stones and dimensional stones. Granites can also be extracted for construction and road materials. The economic interest of the study area is the occurrence of ore mineral especially molybdenite and the economic minerals of rare earth elements

Implementation and Utilization of Automatic Watering System

In the electronics era, the smarter approach of leading a life should be carried out and thus human have made ‘’ Automated Plant Watering System’’ for smarter irrigation. Automated Watering System will regulate water flow in soil without much intervention, while maintaining moisture of plants. This research automatically turns ON or OFF by detecting the water content in the soil using the soil moisture sensors. An automated irrigation system will not only minimize the excess wastage of water but also imply reduction of labour and other overheads. Precise and economic water useage is very important issue for irrigated farms. The methods for irrigation scheduling are classified into several approaches based on soil water measurements, soil water balance estimates and plants stress indicators, in combination with very sophisticated methods. The control system is developed on the basis of sensor and Arduino UNO controller. The system works on the principle of measuring the soil level by means of the sensor technology which in turns controls the water pump via microcontroller in order to provide the plant enough amounts of water when necessary

The Future of Crisis-Torn Rakhine State in Myanmar

FORSEA co-hosted a Special On-line Seminar: The Future of Crisis-Torn Rakhine State in Myanmar, with the School of Interdisciplinary Studies, SOAS, and Free Rohingya Coalition “Our seminar today embarked on the long term program of de-imagining and de-colonizing Myanmar as an internally colonial state and re-imagining a new type of genuinely post-colonial society and a cluster of autonomous regions with a set of inclusive national and regional identities based on common good, multiculturalism, and respect for all faiths”

Evaluation of Human Disturbance on the Activity of Medium–Large Mammals in Myanmar Tropical Forests

The effects of human disturbance represent one of the major threats for wildlife conservation. Many studies have shown that wildlife avoids or reduces direct contact with human activities through changes in activity patterns, and by minimizing spatiotemporal overlap. In this study, we investigated the possible effects of human presence on the temporal activity of medium-to-large mammals using two areas in Myanmar that differ in the intensity of human disturbance. We monitored temporal segregation mechanisms using camera trapping data and with two statistical approaches: daily activity overlaps between humans and wildlife and circular statistics. We did not find a significant difference in overlapping activity between areas but, thanks to circular statistics, we found that some species show changes in activity patterns, suggesting temporal avoidance. We observed that the daily activity of five species differed between areas of Myanmar, likely adopting mechanisms to reduce overlap in areas highly frequented by humans. Interestingly, these species are all threatened by hunting or poaching activities, four of which have been described in literature as “cathemeral”, or species that are active through day and night. This study suggests that some species adapt their behavior, at least partially, to avoid human presence in habitats with higher anthropic occurrence and increase our knowledge on the status of medium–large mammals in a poorly studied country as Myanmar

Evaluation of Human Disturbance on the Activity of Medium–Large Mammals in Myanmar Tropical Forests

The effects of human disturbance represent one of the major threats for wildlife conservation. Many studies have shown that wildlife avoids or reduces direct contact with human activities through changes in activity patterns, and by minimizing spatiotemporal overlap. In this study, we investigated the possible effects of human presence on the temporal activity of medium-to-large mammals using two areas in Myanmar that differ in the intensity of human disturbance. We monitored temporal segregation mechanisms using camera trapping data and with two statistical approaches: daily activity overlaps between humans and wildlife and circular statistics. We did not find a significant difference in overlapping activity between areas but, thanks to circular statistics, we found that some species show changes in activity patterns, suggesting temporal avoidance. We observed that the daily activity of five species differed between areas of Myanmar, likely adopting mechanisms to reduce overlap in areas highly frequented by humans. Interestingly, these species are all threatened by hunting or poaching activities, four of which have been described in literature as “cathemeral”, or species that are active through day and night. This study suggests that some species adapt their behavior, at least partially, to avoid human presence in habitats with higher anthropic occurrence and increase our knowledge on the status of medium–large mammals in a poorly studied country as Myanmar

Enhancing respiratory disease surveillance to detect COVID-19 in shelters for displaced persons, Thailand–Myanmar border, 2020–2021

We developed surveillance guidance for COVID-19 in 9 temporary camps for displaced persons along the Thailand-Myanmar border. Arrangements were made for testing of persons presenting with acute respiratory infection, influenza-like illness, or who met the Thailand national COVID-19 Person Under Investigation case definition. In addition, testing was performed for persons who had traveled outside of the camps in outbreak-affected areas or who departed Thailand as resettling refugees. During the first 18 months of surveillance, May 2020-October 2021, a total of 6,190 specimens were tested, and 15 outbreaks (i.e., >1 confirmed COVID-19 cases) were detected in 7 camps. Of those, 5 outbreaks were limited to a single case. Outbreaks during the Delta variant surge were particularly challenging to control. Adapting and implementing COVID-19 surveillance measures in the camp setting were successful in detecting COVID-19 outbreaks and preventing widespread disease during the initial phase of the pandemic in Thailand