3 research outputs found
Oral hyperpigmentation as an adverse effect of highly active antiretroviral therapy in HIV patients: a systematic review and pooled prevalence
Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infects patients via CD4+ cells which are later be destroyed subsequently causing the deteriotation of immune system. HIV generally manifests in the oral cavity as the first indicating sign and a marker of disease progression. HAART medications are used to reduce the incidence of oral manifestations, however it can also generate adverse effects in the oral cavity including oral hyperpigmentation. This review aimed to estimate the prevalence of oral hyperpigmentation which affect individual quality of life as a side effect of HAART.This systematic review applied Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) 2020. Literature search was performed in ScienceDirect, PubMed, and Scopus by combining terms such as highly active antiretroviral therapy, oral manifestation, epidemiology or prevalence published between January 1998 to March 2022.Of 108 articles, eleven articles were included for systematic review and meta-analysis. The pooled prevalence of oral hyperpigmentation in HAART patients was 25% (95% CI: 11%, 38%; I2: 99%). Subgroup analysis based on geographical location showed varied result may be due to the type and duration of HAART used in study population. The most widely used type of ARV was from the NRTI group (n=7) and the study with the shortest duration showed the lowest oral hyperpigmentation prevalence (n=7).There is an increased prevalence of oral hyperpigmentation by the use of HAART. Future study should investigate the correlation between HAART duration and the degree of oral hyperpigmentation
Prevalence of Most Common Tongue Lesions Related to Degenerative Diseases in the Elderly
Population aged 60 years old and above are growing in number. The increase was due to the
increasing life expectancy in Indonesia; a fact that will have an impact on general and oral health in
the future. Tongue lesions are related to degenerative diseases such as diabetes mellitus,
hypertension and heart disease. The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of
tongue lesions related to degenerative diseases in the elderly at Ketabang Public Health Center,
Surabaya City, East Java. This is an observational descriptive study with a cross-sectional design.
Intraoral soft tissue examination was performed by the general dentist and oral medicine specialist
in elderly patients coming to Ketabang Public Health Center between January and March 2020.
During this period, there were 85 elderly patients with degenerative diseases and prevalence of
tongue lesions, namely fissured tongue (77.6%), coated tongue (67.1%), crenated tongue (32.9%),
atrophic glossitis (29.4%), lingual varices (12.9%), and oral melanotic macule (1.1%). Fissured
tongue is the most common tongue lesion found in 77% elderly patients with degenerative
diseases. Fissured tongue often develops with age and in patients with hyposalivation related to
diabetes mellitus and anti-hypertension drugs.
Clinical article (J Int Dent Med Res 2021; 14(4): 1569-1572)
Keywords: Oral medicine, geriatric dentistry, tongue, mouth diseases, human and health.
Received date: 01 July 2021 Accept date: 26 October 202
Prevalence of Oral Normal Variance in Healthy Elderly Patients: A Descriptive Study on Oral Pseudo-Lesions
Introduction The aging process in the elderly can change the condition of the oral
cavity, regarding both clinical appearance and function. The oral mucosa becomes
more susceptible to mechanical damage and irritant agents. Any changes in the oral
mucosa, including normal variance, should be examined. This is especially true for the
elderly, to improve oral health and prevent any abnormalities.
Objective To describe the prevalence of oral normal variance in healthy elderly
patients.
Methods An observational descriptive study with a cross-sectional design with total
sampling conducted from March to April 2020.
Results Among the 117 elderly patients who participated in this study, 58 were
described as healthy without any comorbidities. From those subjects, there were 117
cases of normal variance in the oral mucosa. The three most prevalent issues were
fissured tongue (93.1%), coated tongue (58.62%), and crenated tongue (27.59%).
Conclusion Fissured tongue is a normal variance of the oral mucosa that is commonly
found in healthy elderly patients