Schematic representation of the main target genes of the microRNAs differentially regulated between Normal (N) and Ames dwarf (df/df) mice at both ages (6 and 22 months).

<p>Green–target gene of a regulated miRNA; Blue–non regulated target gene.</p

Enriched KEGG pathways and GO Terms for biological processes for the genes targeted by miRNA differentially expressed between Ames dwarf and Normal mice at both young and older ages.

<p>Enriched KEGG pathways and GO Terms for biological processes for the genes targeted by miRNA differentially expressed between Ames dwarf and Normal mice at both young and older ages.</p

Diagnóstico patológico y caracterización molecular de Phytophthora cinnamomi Rands en el cultivo de aguacate Persea americana en las tierras altas volcánicas de Guatemala.

La presente investigación se realizó en tierras altas volcánicas de Guatemala, la producción del cultivo de Aguacate Persea americana L ha incrementado su superficie de producción cercana a más de 5,000 ha. Cultivadas (1). No obstante a esto, uno de los principales problemas fitosanitarios en el cultivo, es la enfermedad denominada ―Tristeza del aguacate, causada por Phytophthora cinnamomi Rands. Con el objetivo de poder conocer la diversidad genética del fitopatógeno se hizo la colecta de plantas de aguacate afectadas por dicho agente fitopatógeno en viveros de aguacate comerciales, los aislamientos del oomycete consistieron en realizar cultivos trampa como la manzana verde y posteriormente purificarla en medio nutritivo específico para el desarrollo de P. cinnamomi Rands y poder así realizar siembras en el medio nutritivo PDA (Papa- Dextrosa-Agar) para la extracción de micelio que fue utilizado en la obtención de ADN molde y realizar el proceso de PCR por medio del uso de 5 primers microsatélites como lo fueron: a) (GTG)5; b) (GT)7; c) (TCG)5; d) (CGA)5 y e) (CA)7. Obteniéndose al final 85 tipos de bandas amplificadas de las cuales con 29 bandas de las 85 obtenidas se lograba explicar la variación genética de la especie en estudio. Encontrándose con un 20% de variación genética la existencia de 3 grupos de este fitopatógeno, en donde la variación genética presente puede deberse a las mutaciones frecuentes que suceden en los nucleótidos cuando la reproducción es de forma asexual y como también al intercambio genómico existente debido a la recombinación genética de forma sexual

MicroRNAs differentially expressed during aging in Normal and Ames dwarf mice.

<p>MicroRNAs differentially expressed during aging in Normal and Ames dwarf mice.</p

Unsupervised hierarchical clustering ordered by the adjusted level of miRNA expression for the top 50 most expressed miRNAs in ovaries of df/df (n = 10; Young–DY and Old–DO) and N mice (n = 10; Young–NY and Old–NO).

<p>Unsupervised hierarchical clustering ordered by the adjusted level of miRNA expression for the top 50 most expressed miRNAs in ovaries of df/df (n = 10; Young–DY and Old–DO) and N mice (n = 10; Young–NY and Old–NO).</p

Endotoxin levels in follicular fluid and in circulation.

<p>A) Endotoxin levels in follicular fluid were higher in NOV cows compared with OV cows (n = 43, * = <i>P</i> < 0.05). B) Plasma endotoxin levels were not different between NOV and OV cows but were higher (*, <i>P</i> < 0.05) on day 7 prepartum compared with day 7 and 14 postpartum.</p

Number of uterine samples that cultured positive for mycoplasma and ureaplasma collected on the day of calving (sample 1), the day of follicle aspiration ± 1 (sample 2), and at 35 ± 1 days postpartum (sample 3).

<p>Number of uterine samples that cultured positive for mycoplasma and ureaplasma collected on the day of calving (sample 1), the day of follicle aspiration ± 1 (sample 2), and at 35 ± 1 days postpartum (sample 3).</p

Scatterplot for follicular fluid and plasma paraoxonase.

<p>The association between the follicular fluid and plasma paraoxonase concentrations was linear and significant (<i>P</i> < 0.001). No differences were detected between OV and NOV groups.</p

Seroprevalence estimate and associated risk factors for neosporosis in dairy cattle in the northwest region of Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil

<div><p>ABSTRACT: The aim of this study was to estimate neosporosis seroprevalence and its associated risk factors in milk herds (Bos taurus taurus) located in the northwestern region of Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil. Three hundred twenty-two blood samples were collected from dairy cows on 18 farms in 17 cities of this region. An epidemiologic questionnaire was completed for each farm. It consisted of questions about the general characteristics of the herd, reproduction, and animal management. Serum samples were tested for Neospora caninum using a commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kit. Results indicated a seroprevalence of Neospora in 88.9% (16/18) of herds and 31.1% (100/322) of individuals. Risk factor analyses demonstrated that culling by reproductive disorder (OR = 0.6), flooding (OR = 0.5), and commercial sale (OR = 0.4) were associated with seroprevalence. Nevertheless, the purchase of replacement animals in the herd played an important role in disease occurrence (OR = 2.2). Results of this study suggested that Neospora caninum was present in the studied herds under investigation and that there are risk factors associated with its seroprevalence on the farms of the northwestern of Rio Grande do Sul.</p></div

Image_2_Blood Serum From Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma Patients Induces Altered MicroRNA and Target Gene Expression Profile in Treated Cells.tif

<p>The head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) represents one of the most common cancers in humans. Close to 600,000 new diagnoses are made every year worldwide and over half of diagnosed patients will not survive. In view of this low survival rate, the development of novel cell-based assays for HNSCC will allow more mechanistic approaches for specific diagnostics for each individual patient. The cell-based assays will provide more informative data predicting cellular processes in treated patient, which in effect would improve patient follow up. More importantly, it will increase the specificity and effectiveness of therapeutic approaches. In this study, we investigated the role of serum from HNSCC patients on the regulation of microRNA (miRNA) expression in exposed cells in vitro. Next-generation sequencing of miRNA revealed that serum from HNSCC patients induced a different miRNA expression profile than the serum from healthy individuals. Out of 377 miRNA detected, we found that 16 miRNAs were differentially expressed when comparing cells exposed to serum from HNSCC or healthy individuals. The analysis of gene ontologies and pathway analysis revealed that these miRNA target genes were involved in biological cancer-related processes, including cell cycle and apoptosis. The real-time PCR analysis revealed that serum from HNSCC patients downregulate the expression level of five genes involved in carcinogenesis and two of these genes—P53 and SLC2A1—are direct targets of detected miRNAs. These novel findings provide new insight into how cancer-associated factors in circulation regulate the expression of genes and regulatory elements in distal cells in favor of tumorigenesis. This has the potential for new therapeutic approaches and more specific diagnostics with tumor-specific cell lines or single-cell in vitro assays for personalized treatment and early detection of primary tumors or metastasis.</p