Utilização da estatística espacial para analisar a dinâmica do feijão e da soja no Brasil, entre os anos de 1990 a 2013

Dissertação (mestrado)—Universidade de Brasília, Instituto de Ciências Humanas, Departamento de Geografia, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Geografia, 2015.Neste trabalho foi analisada a dinâmica espacial-temporal de duas lavouras temporárias importantes para o Brasil, o feijão e a soja, para o período de 1990 a 2013. A escolha da soja foi justificada por ser responsável por inúmeras transformações no espaço agrário brasileiro recentemente, enquanto o feijão foi devido sua abrangência nacional e o predomínio de agricultores familiares. Foram verificadas as alterações em variáveis vinculadas ao crescimento agrícola: área colhida, produção e produtividade. Os dados secundários utilizados foram coletados junto à base PAM/IBGE. Investigouse a existência da autocorrelação espacial com a utilização do Índice de Moral Global (I), em seguida, identificado o perfil dos agrupamentos com aplicação do algoritmo Getis-OrdGi*; e, por fim, identificadas as regiões dos agrupamentos locais com a utilização do Índice de Moran Local. Como análise complementar foi utilizada a ferramenta Tabulação Cruzada (crosstab), o Teste Qui-Quadrado de Pearson e a Metodologia do Crescimento e Aceleração do Crescimento. Os resultados demonstraram que, para o feijão, houve uma considerável redução da área destinada ao cultivo, porém houve aumentos significativos na produção e na produtividade. Ficou evidente também a existência de diferenças e peculiaridades regionais na análise da produção dessa cultura no Brasil. A polarização da produção de feijão abrange regiões que compreendem a Região Central do PR, Sul de SP, Noroeste de MG, Sudeste de GO, Oeste da BA e recentemente a região central do MT. Para a cultura da soja verificou a manutenção e formação de novos agrupamentos Alto-Alto, nos Estados da Região Sul e Centro Oeste, como também a expansão para o Estado de RO e, mais recentemente, nas áreas de abrangência dos Cerrados, em TO, BA, MA e PI (MATOPIBA), Identificou-se nessa análise um valor crescente da área colhida, produção e produtividade. As causas desse aumento podem ser explicadas, principalmente, pela implementação de políticas públicas e avanços tecnológicos.In this work, we aimed to analyze spatial-temporal dynamics related to two important temporary crops in Brazil, bean and soybean for the period 1990 to 2013. The choice soybean is justified due to its role in recent changes in the Brazilian agrarian space. As for beans, its choice was due to its national coverage being produced on the family farms. The study analyses the changes in variables related to agricultural growth: Harvested area, production and productivity. Secondary data were collected from the base PAM/ IBGE. Autocorrelation was calculated using the Global Moran Index (R), the profile of the groups identified with application of Getis-Ord Gi * algorithm; and finally, identified regions of local cluster using the Local Moran Index. A complementary analysis is the Cross Tabulation (crosstab), the Pearson Chi-Square Test and Growth Methodology and Growth Acceleration tools were used. The results showed that, for beans, there was a considerable reduction of the area farmed, but there were significant increases in production and productivity. There are regional differences and peculiarities in analyzing the production of this crop in Brazil. The polarization of bean production covers more favored regions comprising the Central Region of PR, Southern SP, Northwest MG, Southeast GO, West BA and recently Central MT. For soybean the maintenance and formation of new clusters High-High in Southern and Midwest Regions States, as well as the expansion to the state of RO and, more recently, in areas covered by Cerrado, in TO, BA, MA and PI (MATOPIBA) an increasing amount of harvested area, production and productivity were found in this analysis. The causes of this increase can be explained mainly by the implementation of public policies and technological advances

Spatial-Temporal patterns of bean crop in Brazil over the Period 1990–2013

The understanding of spatial dependence and distribution of agricultural production factors is a key issue for the territorial planning and regional development. This study evaluates the spatial-temporal dynamics of bean crops in Brazil over the period 1990–2013. Common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) is one of the staple foods for the Brazilian population, with nationwide production and cultivated mostly by family farmers. The analyzed variables of this crop included harvested area, produced quantity, and average crop yield. We investigated spatial autocorrelations using the Global and Local Moran Index. The global spatial autocorrelation statistics demonstrated a general spatial dependence of bean production over Brazil, while the local spatial autocorrelation statistics detect statistically significant zones of high and low bean-production attributes. Maps of growth and acceleration rate of the variables were constructed, showing the areas that increased, decreased, or stagnated during the time series. The results showed a considerable reduction of the bean harvested area, but there were significant increases in produced quantity and average crop yield. Results showed distinct and significant patterns of bean-production variables in Brazilian territory over the different years. Regional differences and peculiarities are evident, emphasizing the need for directing investments to agricultural research and public policy

Spatial-Temporal Patterns of Bean Crop in Brazil over the Period 1990–2013

The understanding of spatial dependence and distribution of agricultural production factors is a key issue for the territorial planning and regional development. This study evaluates the spatial-temporal dynamics of bean crops in Brazil over the period 1990–2013. Common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) is one of the staple foods for the Brazilian population, with nationwide production and cultivated mostly by family farmers. The analyzed variables of this crop included harvested area, produced quantity, and average crop yield. We investigated spatial autocorrelations using the Global and Local Moran Index. The global spatial autocorrelation statistics demonstrated a general spatial dependence of bean production over Brazil, while the local spatial autocorrelation statistics detect statistically significant zones of high and low bean-production attributes. Maps of growth and acceleration rate of the variables were constructed, showing the areas that increased, decreased, or stagnated during the time series. The results showed a considerable reduction of the bean harvested area, but there were significant increases in produced quantity and average crop yield. Results showed distinct and significant patterns of bean-production variables in Brazilian territory over the different years. Regional differences and peculiarities are evident, emphasizing the need for directing investments to agricultural research and public policy