Generating Survival Times to Simulate Cox Proportional Hazards Models

This paper discusses techniques to generate survival times for simulation studies regarding Cox proportional hazards models. In linear regression models, the response variable is directly connected with the considered covariates, the regression coefficients and the simulated random errors. Thus, the response variable can be generated from the regression function, once the regression coefficients and the error distribution are specified. However, in the Cox model, which is formulated via the hazard function, the effect of the covariates have to be translated from the hazards to the survival times, because the usual software packages for estimation of Cox models require the individual survival time data. A general formula describing the relation between the hazard and the corresponding survival time of the Cox model is derived. It is shown how the exponential, the Weibull and the Gompertz distribution can be used to generate appropriate survival times for simulation studies. Additionally, the general relation between hazard and survival time can be used to develop own distributions for special situations and to handle flexibly parameterized proportional hazards models. The use of other distributions than the exponential distribution only is indispensable to investigate the characteristics of the Cox proportional hazards model, especially in non-standard situations, where the partial likelihood depends on the baseline hazard

Cervical spine motion during patient transfer onto a long spine board

"The initial management stages of a suspected spinal cord injury are crucial. Currently there is a void in the literature with regards to the proper timing of neck realignment for prone patient transfer methods. The purpose of this study was to determine if the timing of neck realignment and/or the size of the victim will have an influence the amount of cervical spine motion during the prone log roll technique. A team of five Athletic Therapists performed 18 log rolls (9 on two trained ""victims""), randomly correcting neck realignment AFTER and DURING the roll as well as the timing of their choice, for both supine and prone conditions. Motion of the cervical spine was collected using accelerometers and electromyography (EMG) was used to collect muscle activity of neck stabilizers. Comparisons were made for range, additional motion, theoretical minimal required motion and maximum EMG values. There were no significant differences found for the timing of neck realignment for motion and muscle activation, but there were significant differences found between male and female victims for both motion and muscle activation. These findings will help enhance knowledge of transfer techniques as well as help develop proper training techniques for primary stage management personnel.

L'habitat informel à Delhi : panorama historique et implications politiques

Texte intégral disponible à http://www.annalesdelarechercheurbaine.fr/IMG/pdf/ARU106-Giraud_ST.pdfNational audienceL'étude du cas de la capitale indienne permet de mesurer l'étendue du problème dans les villes d'Asie du Sud. L'analyse historique de l'évolution de la structure urbaine de Delhi depuis l'indépendance illustre le rôle des politiques de développement urbain, de planification et de résorption de l'habitat informel dans le cheminement jusqu'à une structure actuelle où l'informalité joue encore un rôle prépondérant et nullement décroissant. Elle constitue un obstacle essentiel à l'accès aux services urbains de base non seulement des plus pauvres, mais aussi d'autres fractions de la population

Relationship Between Social Influence, Shopping Lifestyle, and Impulsive Buying on Purchase Intention of Preloved Products

This research aims to explain consumer buying behaviour on the Internet in three dimensions: shopping lifestyle, social influence, and unplanned purchases that influence consumer intentions to buy used clothes online on Facebook—conducted this research in the city of Kupang, a sample of 215 respondents. The analytical method used is SEM PLS Version 3.0. The results of this study indicate that shopping lifestyle has a significant effect on purchase intention, social influence have a considerable impact on shopping lifestyle and purchase intention, and impulsive buying substantially impacts purchase intention. Therefore, preloved business people need to consider current lifestyles, social influence and impulsive buying to increase recent preloved buying decisions

L'habitat informel à Delhi. Panorama historique et implications politiques.

L'étude du cas de la capitale indienne permet de mesurer l'étendue du problème que pose la prévalence de l'habitat informel dans les villes d'Asie du sud. L'analyse historique de l'évolution de la structure urbaine de Delhi depuis l'indépendance illustre le rôle des politiques de développement urbain, de planification et de résorption de l'habitat informel dans le cheminement jusqu'à une structure actuelle où l'informalité joue encore un rôle prépondérant et nullement décroissant. Elle constitue un obstacle essentiel à l'accès aux services urbains de base non seulement des plus pauvres, mais aussi d'autres fractions de la population.habitat, habitat informel, structure urbaine, développement urbain

ANALYSIS OF RURAL HUMAN RESOURCES IN THE SOUTHWEST OLTENIA REGION

The rural environment has always been a challenge for the implementation of projects with European non-reimbursable funding, both in terms of human resources and in terms of the implementation of these projects. The number and structure of human resources in rural areas differs from those in urban areas, which should be analyzed with an emphasis on the level of training and training opportunities according to this level and the need of the market. At the level of the SV Oltenia development region, disparities can be found both in the volume and in the structure of human resources depending on the degree of industrialization of each county and the extent to which the relief allows the practice of agriculture. The low level of education of the rural population of the region leads to negative effects both for the population in the area and for the development of the area. The present study presents the main features of rural human resources in the South West Oltenia region, as well as an analysis of the main indicators on labor force

THE EFFECTS OF THE CORONAVIRUS PANDEMIC ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF HUMAN RESOURCES IN THE SOUTH WEST OLTENIA REGION

The coronavirus pandemic has strongly affected every sector of the economy. Every organization, every employee within the organizations, had to adapt to the situation and adopt new ways of doing the work at the workplace. Of course, the development of human resources within organizations has acquired another dimension. The focus was on trying to maintain jobs and developing human resources through the means available to the organization in this pandemic context. Telework was introduced and human resource financing activities through European projects were reduced. The implementation of projects with non-reimbursable European funding was quite difficult during the state of emergency and then in the state of alert, which led to a decrease in continuous professional training activity and, implicitly, to the development of human resources in the South-West Oltenia region

STUDY ON THE USE OF DIFFERENT SOURCES OF FINANCING FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF HUMAN RESOURCES IN THE RURAL ENVIRONMENT

The study we propose will help to identify funding needs for the future programming period, as well as to highlight the contribution of investments from various sources of funding to human resource development in the region, in the programming period 2021 - 2027. The study will develop an updated, detailed and exhaustive analysis of the development of human resources in the rural environment in the SV Oltenia region taking into account previous funding, current legislation, institutions involved in the field and previous actions implemented in the region. Based on the interpretation of the data that characterize the current situation, the real development needs of this field will be identified. Based on these, both priorities and measures that could contribute to the development of rural human resources will be identified and described

Factors Influencing Behavior to Reducing Household Food Waste in Indonesia

The introduction of the determining factor is presumed to be powerful medium to promote a powerful intrusion into household waste management in Indonesia. This study expands the variables theory of planned behavior, the theory of interpersonal characteristics, and a complete model of environmental behavior by using intentions, attitudes, subjective norms, perceived behavioral control, habits, emotions. The sample in this study found 132 people, data processed using SEM Amos version 24. Statistical results and discussion showed that significant factors for behavior to reduce food waste were intentions, habits, attitudes, and perceived behavioral control. And that habits play an essential role in this research, so it is necessary to focus on the importance of the practice to get rid of addictions and be worth emphasizing Keywords: food waste, theory planned behavior, habit

Factors Influencing Behavior to Reducing Household Food Waste in Indonesia

The introduction of the determining factor is presumed to be powerful medium to promote a powerful intrusion into household waste management in Indonesia. This study expands the variables theory of planned behavior, the theory of interpersonal characteristics, and a complete model of environmental behavior by using intentions, attitudes, subjective norms, perceived behavioral control, habits, emotions. The sample in this study found 132 people, data processed using SEM Amos version 24. Statistical results and discussion showed that significant factors for behavior to reduce food waste were intentions, habits, attitudes, and perceived behavioral control. And that habits play an essential role in this research, so it is necessary to focus on the importance of the practice to get rid of addictions and be worth emphasizing Keywords: food waste, theory planned behavior, habit