How to deliver new vaccines under very short timelines: The ZAPI project

The ZAPI project is the first One Health project in the European Innovative Medicine Initiative (IMI) program. Its objective is to define and validate unique methodologies that can be applied when new zoonotic infectious diseases will occur in Europe or other regions of the world. The project is supporting an entirely new approach for “anticipating the unexpected”, and is defining new ways to alleviate the technical constraints which are typically encountered with the classical vaccine development processes. The ZAPI project involves a total of 20 partners, from academic, biotech, and industry origin. One important feature of ZAPI is that it is “framed by an industrial mindset” from the start, in order to ensure the delivery of vaccine products that can effectively be manufactured at large scale. This quite ambitious objective will eventually be achieved through a succession of breakthroughs. The ordered sequence of these technical steps will define a “universal methodology” which can be used on the new emerging viruses. As the key deliverable of the ZAPI project, this methodology will reduce very significantly the timelines for the manufacturing cycles of vaccine batches. The different constraints and steps of this “vaccine product by design” approach will be described

New strategies for innovative vaccination and their applications in veterinary medicine

Depuis 100 ans, l’usage de la vaccination a permis de protéger la santé des hommes et des animaux de façon spectaculaire. En partant des progrès récents dans nos connaissances des mécanismes immunologiques, et en gardant à l’esprit la possibilité de solutions combinées multiples, nous allons montrer comment les antigènes vaccinaux peuvent être mieux présentés au système immunitaire. Nous verrons alors comment mieux alerter et stimuler les défenses immunitaires de l’hôte, grâce à de nouvelles formulations ou au déploiement de stratégies diverses dans l’administration des vaccins. Cela nous permettra de décrire des applications possibles en médecine vétérinaire et nous tenterons de montrer que le(la) vétérinaire du XXIème siècle est l’acteur probablement le mieux placé pour agir au coeur du réseau « Une Seule Santé ».For the last 100 years, vaccination has had a tremendous positive impact on the health of humans and animals. Looking at the recent advances in our understanding of immunological mechanisms, and taking into account the possibility to combine several different solutions, we will see how vaccine antigens can be optimally presented to the immune system. We will describe how to better trigger and stimulate the immune defenses in the host, using new formulations or different strategies for the route and schedule of administration of vaccination programs. We will examine whether possible applications could be implemented in veterinary medicine, and how the veterinarian in the twentyfirst century should be the central figure at the heart of the “One Health” network

Immediate early protein of equid herpesvirus type 1 as a target for cytotoxic T-lymphocytes in the thoroughbred horse

Cytotoxic T-lymphocytes (CTLs) are associated with protective immunity against disease caused by equid herpesvirus type 1 (EHV-1). However, the EHV-1 target proteins for CTLs are poorly defined. This limits the development of vaccine candidates designed to stimulate strong CTL immunity. Here, classical CTL assays using lymphocytes from horses of three defined MHC class I types that experienced natural infection with EHV-1 and a modified vaccinia virus construct containing an EHV-1 gene encoding the immediate-early (IE) protein are reported. Horses homozygous for the equine leukocyte antigen (ELA)-A2 haplotype, but not the ELA-A5 haplotype, produced MHC-restricted CTL responses against the IE protein. Previously, horses homozygous for the ELA-A3 haplotype also mounted CTL responses against the IE protein. Both haplotypes are common in major horse breeds, including the Thoroughbred. Thus, the IE protein is an attractive candidate molecule for future studies of T-cell immunity to EHV-1 in the horse

Protective efficacy of an RBD-based Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) particle vaccine in llamas

Ongoing outbreaks of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) continue posing a global health threat. Vaccination of livestock reservoir species is a recommended strategy to prevent spread of MERS-CoV among animals and potential spillover to humans. Using a direct-contact llama challenge model that mimics naturally occurring viral transmission, we tested the efficacy of a multimeric receptor binding domain (RBD) particle-display based vaccine candidate. While MERS-CoV was transmitted to naive animals exposed to virus-inoculated llamas, immunization induced robust virus-neutralizing antibody responses and prevented transmission in 1/3 vaccinated, in-contact animals. Our exploratory study supports further improvement of the RBD-based vaccine to prevent zoonotic spillover of MERS-CoV

Protective efficacy of an RBD-based Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) particle vaccine in llamas

Ongoing outbreaks of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) continue posing a global health threat. Vaccination of livestock reservoir species is a recommended strategy to prevent spread of MERS-CoV among animals and potential spillover to humans. Using a direct-contact llama challenge model that mimics naturally occurring viral transmission, we tested the efficacy of a multimeric receptor binding domain (RBD) particle-display based vaccine candidate. While MERS-CoV was transmitted to naïve animals exposed to virus-inoculated llamas, immunization induced robust virus-neutralizing antibody responses and prevented transmission in 1/3 vaccinated, in-contact animals. Our exploratory study supports further improvement of the RBD-based vaccine to prevent zoonotic spillover of MERS-CoV

Proteines de la membrane externe regulees par le fer chez Escherichia coli : clonage, expression et proprietes de Ivt A et Fep A

SIGLECNRS T Bordereau / INIST-CNRS - Institut de l'Information Scientifique et TechniqueFRFranc

Veterinary vaccines against animal coronaviroses in the covid 19 context - brief overview

Charley Bernard, Audonnet Jean-Christophe Francis. Vaccins vétérinaires contre les coronaviroses animales dans le contexte Covid-19 - Bref aperçu. In: Bulletin de l'Académie Vétérinaire de France tome 173, 2020. pp. 105-106

Equine viral vaccines: the past, present and future

The increasing international movement of horses combined with the relaxation of veterinary regulations has resulted in an increased incidence of equine infectious diseases. Vaccination, along with management measures, has become the primary method for the effective control of these diseases. Traditionally modified live and inactivated vaccines have been used and these vaccines have proven to be very successful in preventing disease. However, there are a number of equine infectious diseases for which conventional technology has shown its limitations. The advent of recombinant technology has stimulated the development of second generation vaccines, including gene deleted mutants, live vectored vaccines and DNA vaccines. These vaccines have in common that protective antigens are endogenously processed and presented along the molecules of the MHC I and MHC II complex, resulting in the stimulation of both humoral and cell-mediated immune responses similar to natural infection. The present paper provides a review of the vaccines being employed today against the most important equine viral diseases followed by a summary of new developments that are expected to bring improved vaccines to the market in the foreseeable future