84 research outputs found

    L'influence des techniques de modélisation 3D et de prototypage rapide sur la personnalisation des objets en design industriel

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    Mémoire numérisé par la Direction des bibliothÚques de l'Université de Montréal

    Implication des proches dans les soins de fin de vie d’une personne ĂągĂ©e vivant en centre d’hĂ©bergement : une Ă©tude de cas sur les perceptions de proches et d’infirmiĂšres

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    Dans les milieux de soins, il importe d’assurer la qualitĂ© de l’ensemble des services offerts, incluant lors de la fin de vie. À cet effet, un rĂŽle clĂ© des infirmiĂšres et infirmiers oeuvrant en centre d’hĂ©bergement (CHSLD) est de favoriser l’implication des proches dans les soins de fin de vie, ce qui peut contribuer, entre autres, au soulagement d’une possible souffrance pour eux ou les personnes ĂągĂ©es. Selon Andershed et Ternestedt (2001), l’implication des proches prend plusieurs formes : recevoir de l’information (savoir), ĂȘtre prĂ©sent (ĂȘtre) et effectuer des tĂąches ou soins (faire). Cependant, peu d’études sur la fin de vie en CHSLD abordent l’implication des proches dans d’autres contextes que la planification des soins et la prise de dĂ©cisions. ConsidĂ©rant ce manque de connaissances, le but de l’étude Ă©tait d’explorer les perceptions de proches, en plus d’infirmiĂšres ou d’infirmiers, sur l’implication des proches dans les soins de fin de vie d’une personne ĂągĂ©e vivant en CHSLD. Pour rĂ©pondre Ă  ce but, une Ă©tude de cas qualitative instrumentale a Ă©tĂ© rĂ©alisĂ©e. Les donnĂ©es ont Ă©tĂ© collectĂ©es auprĂšs de 4 infirmiĂšres ou infirmiers et 3 proches, par l’entremise d’entrevues semi-structurĂ©es individuelles, ainsi qu’un journal de bord et la documentation du milieu. L’analyse thĂ©matique prĂ©sente l’étendue de l’implication des proches, les souhaits d’implication des proches et quelques stratĂ©gies favorisant cette implication. Ces rĂ©sultats peuvent servir de pistes d’amĂ©lioration dans les pratiques en CHSLD, en plus de sensibiliser les professionnels de la santĂ© aux rĂ©alitĂ©s des proches lors de la fin de vie.In health care settings, it’s imperative that quality of all services is ensured, including end-of-life (EoL) care. A key role of nurses working in long-term care homes (LTCH) is to promote the involvement of relatives in EoL care to, among others, help relieve a possible suffering of relatives or older adults. Based on Andershed and Ternestedt’s (2001) theory, relatives’ involvement can be described in three categories: their knowledge (to know), their presence (to be) and their participation in tasks or care (to do). However, few studies address relatives’ involvement in LTCH in other aspects than decision-making and care planning. Considering this knowledge gap, we conducted a qualitative case study exploring relatives’ and nurses’ perceptions of relatives’ involvement in this context. Data was collected from a sample of 4 nurses and 3 relatives using individual semi-structured interviews, a reflexive journal and relevant documents from the LTCH. Applying thematic analysis, results showed the scope of relatives’ involvement during the EoL, how relatives wished to be involved, and facilitating strategies to involve relatives in care. These results can guide improvement in LTCH practices and raise awareness in health care professionals of the experience of relatives during the agony phase

    Insatisfaction corporelle et estime de soi chez les jeunes adultes québécois : une association toujours présente!

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    Affiche prĂ©sentĂ©e dans le cadre du Colloque de l'ARC, «La relĂšve scientifique et la recherche collĂ©giale : pratiques inspirantes au regard des chercheuses et chercheurs, et enjeux spĂ©cifiques Ă  la formation des Ă©tudiantes et Ă©tudiants», dans le cadre du 84e CongrĂšs de l'Acfas, UniversitĂ© du QuĂ©bec Ă  MontrĂ©al, MontrĂ©al, le 10 mai 2016.Plusieurs Ă©tudes menĂ©es chez des adolescents dĂ©montrent un lien entre l’insatisfaction corporelle et une mauvaise estime de soi. Qu’en est-il Ă  l’ñge adulte? Cette relation se maintient-elle encore? Des travaux de recherche ont Ă©tĂ© entrepris pour Ă©valuer l’effet respectif de la perception de son image corporelle et de son image rĂ©elle sur l’estime de soi. Pour y arriver, 422 adultes quĂ©bĂ©cois ĂągĂ©s de 18 Ă  35 ans ont Ă©tĂ© interrogĂ©s au regard de leur perception d’eux-mĂȘmes : estime de soi, satisfaction globale du corps, satisfaction de sa silhouette (taille et forme), forme de corps souhaitĂ©e, etc. Des mesures manuelles de stature, de poids et de taille ont aussi Ă©tĂ© prises en vue de calculer l’indice de masse corporelle (IMC) des participants. Enfin, le corps de chaque participant a Ă©tĂ© numĂ©risĂ© Ă  l’aide d’un scanner corporel 3D. Les analyses de rĂ©gression prĂ©liminaires confirment la prĂ©sence d’une forte association entre l’estime de soi et divers indicateurs de l’insatisfaction corporelle, et ce, autant chez les hommes que chez les femmes. Par exemple, une plus grande insatisfaction Ă  l’égard de son corps et le fait d’avoir reçu des commentaires nĂ©gatifs sur le poids par un plus grand nombre de personnes sont associĂ©s Ă  un niveau plus faible d’estime de soi. Les donnĂ©es objectives du schĂ©ma corporel obtenues par le scan 3D (donnĂ©es anthropomĂ©triques) seront intĂ©grĂ©es aux analyses de rĂ©gression dans le cadre d’analyses ultĂ©rieures

    Insatisfaction Ă  l'Ă©gard de son corps : comment se distinguent les femmes et les hommes?

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    Affiche prĂ©sentĂ©e dans le cadre du Colloque de l'ARC, «La relĂšve scientifique et la recherche collĂ©giale : pratiques inspirantes au regard des chercheuses et chercheurs, et enjeux spĂ©cifiques Ă  la formation des Ă©tudiantes et Ă©tudiants», dans le cadre du 84e CongrĂšs de l'Acfas, UniversitĂ© du QuĂ©bec Ă  MontrĂ©al, MontrĂ©al, le 10 mai 2016.L’insatisfaction corporelle reprĂ©sente un problĂšme de santĂ© et de bien-ĂȘtre prĂ©occupant. En effet, ce problĂšme est liĂ© Ă  des comportements parfois malsains (rĂ©gimes, surentraĂźnement, etc.), voire Ă  des troubles alimentaires. Des facteurs psychologiques tels que l’estime de soi, la dĂ©pression et l’anxiĂ©tĂ© y sont Ă©galement associĂ©s. Mieux comprendre les distorsions entre l’image corporelle perçue et l’image rĂ©elle est l’un des objectifs de l’étude en cours. La premiĂšre Ă©tape visait Ă  dĂ©velopper une mesure de perception des schĂ©mas corporels adaptĂ©e aux jeunes adultes quĂ©bĂ©cois. InĂ©dite, cette Ă©chelle Ă©value l’insatisfaction Ă  l’égard de sa silhouette selon deux aspects : la taille (trĂšs mince Ă  trĂšs corpulente) et la morphologie (forme de corps en triangle, en rectangle, en triangle inversĂ©, en ovale ou en sablier). Un Ă©chantillon composĂ© de 128 hommes et 294 femmes ĂągĂ©s de 18 Ă  35 ans a Ă©tĂ© invitĂ© Ă  identifier, selon l’échelle proposĂ©e, le format corporel perçu et souhaitĂ©. Les rĂ©sultats dĂ©montrent que les femmes aspirent majoritairement Ă  une silhouette plus mince alors que les hommes dĂ©sirent davantage une silhouette plus corpulente. En ce qui concerne la forme du corps, prĂšs de la moitiĂ© des rĂ©pondants souhaitent une autre morphologie que la leur. Celle qui plaĂźt le plus est sans conteste la forme en triangle inversĂ© chez l’homme et la forme en sablier chez la femme; la silhouette ovale Ă©tant la moins apprĂ©ciĂ©e de tous

    Effets des stages en soirée sur l'apprentissage d'étudiantes en soins infirmiers et recommandations pédagogiques

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    La prĂ©sente recherche a Ă©tĂ© subventionnĂ©e par le ministĂšre de l'Éducation et de l'Enseignement supĂ©rieur dans le cadre du Programme d'aide Ă  la recherche sur l'enseignement et l'apprentissage (PAREA).Comprend des rĂ©fĂ©rences bibliographiques

    A prospective study of the impact of child maltreatment and friend support on psychological distress trajectory : from adolescence to emerging adulthood

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    Background Transition into adulthood is a critical developmental period that may be influenced by adverse life events as well as by protective factors. This study aimed at investigating the effect of different forms of child maltreatment experienced prior to age 14 (i.e., sexual abuse, physical abuse and exposure to intimate partner violence), and of friend support at age 14 on the psychological distress trajectory from age 14 to 24. Methods Participants were 605 adolescents from the general population involved in a 10-year longitudinal study. Psychological distress was evaluated at ages 14, 16, 18 and 24. Child maltreatment prior to 14 years was retrospectively assessed at 14 and 24 years while perception of support from friends was evaluated at age 14. Results Multilevel growth modeling indicated that psychological distress followed a significant decreasing curvilinear trajectory, with participants reporting fewer distressing psychological symptoms after 18 years. All three forms of child maltreatment, as well as their cumulative effect, predicted more psychological distress over 10 years above and beyond the protective effect of support from friends. Higher support from friends at age 14 was related to lower distress at baseline andover 10 years, beyond the effect of child maltreatment. Limitations Self-report nature of all measures, attrition, and measures of child maltreatment forms. Conclusions Psychological distress decreased during the transition from adolescence to emerging adulthood. Results also revealed the detrimental impact of child maltreatment and the promotive role of friend support, which underscore the importance of early intervention

    End-of-life care in long-term care homes : a scoping review protocol

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    Background: Quality end-of-life (EOL) care is essential in long-term care homes (LTCHs), as the average survival time of newly admitted residents is estimated to be around 2 to 2.5 years. However, significant challenges exist when it comes to providing EOL clinical care in LTCHs, and the available empirical evidence does not offer a clear idea of the best practices to adopt. Aim: To systematically map the state of knowledge on EOL clinical care in LTCHs, as it relates to people receiving care, family care partners, health care professionals, the characteristics of the organization, the social context, and the implementation of guides. Methods: The scoping review method by Levac et al. (2010) will be used. Data will be collected from multiple sources, including eleven databases using a combination of keywords and descriptors, references list, prospective and manual searches, and by consulting clinicians and managers from LTCHs for additional publications. The literature from 2012 and onwards will be selected if it directly concerns EOL care in LTCHs, with no restriction on the age of residents or on the type of health care professionals or family care partners. The screening and data extraction will be performed by two people independently and any discrepancies will be resolved by consensus. We will also assess the quality of publication with the critical appraisal tools developed by the Joanna Briggs Institute. We will synthesize the extracted data using content analysis and consult stakeholders in LTCHs when a first version of the data synthesis is available to enhance the interpretation of the results based on their experience. We will present results in narrative form with tables and graphs. Discussion: The results will provide evidence-based recommendations for clinical practice when available findings are conclusive and will allow identifying knowledge gaps to orient future research programs focusing specifically on EOL clinical care in LTCHs

    Violences sexuelles en milieu universitaire au QuĂ©bec : rapport de recherche de l’enquĂȘte ESSIMU

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    Cette recherche, intitulĂ©e « EnquĂȘte SexualitĂ©, SĂ©curitĂ© et Interactions en Milieu Universitaire(ESSIMU) : Ce qu’en disent Ă©tudiant.es, enseignant.es et employĂ©.es », a permis d’établir un portrait des violences sexuelles se dĂ©roulant en contexte universitaire au QuĂ©bec. Cette enquĂȘte d’envergure provinciale regroupe 12 chercheures provenant des 6 universitĂ©s suivantes : UniversitĂ© du QuĂ©bec Ă  MontrĂ©al, UniversitĂ© de MontrĂ©al, UniversitĂ© Laval, UniversitĂ© de Sherbrooke, UniversitĂ© du QuĂ©bec en Outaouais et UniversitĂ© du QuĂ©bec Ă  Chicoutimi. L’équipe interdisciplinaire et interuniversitaire compte Ă©galement le Regroupement quĂ©bĂ©cois des centres d’aide et de lutte contre les agressions Ă  caractĂšre sexuel et le Service aux collectivitĂ©s de l’UQAM. Afin de documenter les situations de violence sexuelle vĂ©cues en milieu universitaire (VSMU), l’équipe ESSIMU a rĂ©alisĂ© en 2016 une vaste Ă©tude auprĂšs de 9 284 rĂ©pondant.es dans 6 universitĂ©s quĂ©bĂ©coises francophones. Le questionnaire, administrĂ© en ligne, a permis de rendre compte d’un large Ă©ventail de manifestations de violence sexuelle vĂ©cues par l’ensemble de la communautĂ© universitaire (Ă©tudiant ou travaillant Ă  l’universitĂ©). La mesure de victimisation distinguait le harcĂšlement sexuel (comportements verbaux et non verbaux qui traduisent des attitudes insultantes, hostiles et dĂ©gradantes), les comportements sexuels non dĂ©sirĂ©s (comportements verbaux et non verbaux Ă  caractĂšre sexuel, offensants, non dĂ©sirĂ©s ou non rĂ©ciproques, incluant la tentative de viol et l’agression sexuelle) et la coercition sexuelle (chantage en retour de rĂ©compenses)

    Benefits and Inputs From Lactic Acid Bacteria and Their Bacteriocins as Alternatives to Antibiotic Growth Promoters During Food-Animal Production

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    Resistance to antibiotics is escalating and threatening humans and animals worldwide. Different countries have legislated or promoted the ban of antibiotics as growth promoters in livestock and aquaculture to reduce this phenomenon. Therefore, to improve animal growth and reproduction performance and to control multiple bacterial infections, there is a potential to use probiotics as non-antibiotic growth promoters. Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) offer various advantages as potential probiotics and can be considered as alternatives to antibiotics during food-animal production. LAB are safe microorganisms with abilities to produce different inhibitory compounds such as bacteriocins, organic acids as lactic acid, hydrogen peroxide, diacetyl, and carbon dioxide. LAB can inhibit harmful microorganisms with their arsenal, or through competitive exclusion mechanism based on competition for binding sites and nutrients. LAB endowed with specific enzymatic functions (amylase, protease
) can improve nutrients acquisition as well as animal immune system stimulation. This review aimed at underlining the benefits and inputs from LAB as potential alternatives to antibiotics in poultry, pigs, ruminants, and aquaculture production

    EMSY overexpression disrupts the BRCA2/RAD51 pathway in the DNA-damage response: implications for chromosomal instability/recombination syndromes as checkpoint diseases

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    EMSY links the BRCA2 pathway to sporadic breast/ovarian cancer. It encodes a nuclear protein that binds to the BRCA2 N-terminal domain implicated in chromatin/transcription regulation, but when sporadically amplified/overexpressed, increased EMSY level represses BRCA2 transactivation potential and induces chromosomal instability, mimicking the activity of BRCA2 mutations in the development of hereditary breast/ovarian cancer. In addition to chromatin/transcription regulation, EMSY may also play a role in the DNA-damage response, suggested by its ability to localize at chromatin sites of DNA damage/repair. This implies that EMSY overexpression may also repress BRCA2 in DNA-damage replication/checkpoint and recombination/repair, coordinated processes that also require its interacting proteins: PALB2, the partner and localizer of BRCA2; RPA, replication/checkpoint protein A; and RAD51, the inseparable recombination/repair enzyme. Here, using a well-characterized recombination/repair assay system, we demonstrate that a slight increase in EMSY level can indeed repress these two processes independently of transcriptional interference/repression. Since EMSY, RPA and PALB2 all bind to the same BRCA2 region, these findings further support a scenario wherein: (a) EMSY amplification may mimic BRCA2 deficiency, at least by overriding RPA and PALB2, crippling the BRCA2/RAD51 complex at DNA-damage and replication/transcription sites; and (b) BRCA2/RAD51 may coordinate these processes by employing at least EMSY, PALB2 and RPA. We extensively discuss the molecular details of how this can happen to ascertain its implications for a novel recombination mechanism apparently conceived as checkpoint rather than a DNA repair system for cell division, survival, death, and human diseases, including the tissue specificity of cancer predisposition, which may renew our thinking about targeted therapy and prevention
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