59 research outputs found

    Rapid response to the M_w 4.9 earthquake of November 11, 2019 in Le Teil, Lower RhĂŽne Valley, France

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    On November 11, 2019, a Mw 4.9 earthquake hit the region close to Montelimar (lower RhĂŽne Valley, France), on the eastern margin of the Massif Central close to the external part of the Alps. Occuring in a moderate seismicity area, this earthquake is remarkable for its very shallow focal depth (between 1 and 3 km), its magnitude, and the moderate to large damages it produced in several villages. InSAR interferograms indicated a shallow rupture about 4 km long reaching the surface and the reactivation of the ancient NE-SW La Rouviere normal fault in reverse faulting in agreement with the present-day E-W compressional tectonics. The peculiarity of this earthquake together with a poor coverage of the epicentral region by permanent seismological and geodetic stations triggered the mobilisation of the French post-seismic unit and the broad French scientific community from various institutions, with the deployment of geophysical instruments (seismological and geodesic stations), geological field surveys, and field evaluation of the intensity of the earthquake. Within 7 days after the mainshock, 47 seismological stations were deployed in the epicentral area to improve the Le Teil aftershocks locations relative to the French permanent seismological network (RESIF), monitor the temporal and spatial evolution of microearthquakes close to the fault plane and temporal evolution of the seismic response of 3 damaged historical buildings, and to study suspected site effects and their influence in the distribution of seismic damage. This seismological dataset, completed by data owned by different institutions, was integrated in a homogeneous archive and distributed through FDSN web services by the RESIF data center. This dataset, together with observations of surface rupture evidences, geologic, geodetic and satellite data, will help to unravel the causes and rupture mechanism of this earthquake, and contribute to account in seismic hazard assessment for earthquakes along the major regional CĂ©venne fault system in a context of present-day compressional tectonics

    Ambient-noise tomography of the wider Vienna Basin region

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    We present a new 3-D shear-velocity model for the top 30 km of the crust in the wider Vienna Basin region based on surface waves extracted from ambient-noise cross-correlations. We use continuous seismic records of 63 broad-band stations of the AlpArray project to retrieve interstation Green’s functions from ambient-noise cross-correlations in the period range from 5 to 25 s. From these Green’s functions, we measure Rayleigh group traveltimes, utilizing all four components of the cross-correlation tensor, which are associated with Rayleigh waves (ZZ, RR, RZ and ZR), to exploit multiple measurements per station pair. A set of selection criteria is applied to ensure that we use high-quality recordings of fundamental Rayleigh modes. We regionalize the interstation group velocities in a 5 km × 5 km grid with an average path density of ∌20 paths per cell. From the resulting group-velocity maps, we extract local 1-D dispersion curves for each cell and invert all cells independently to retrieve the crustal shear-velocity structure of the study area. The resulting model provides a previously unachieved lateral resolution of seismic velocities in the region of ∌15 km. As major features, we image the Vienna Basin and Little Hungarian Plain as low-velocity anomalies, and the Bohemian Massif with high velocities. The edges of these features are marked with prominent velocity contrasts correlated with faults, such as the Alpine Front and Vienna Basin transfer fault system. The observed structures correlate well with surface geology, gravitational anomalies and the few known crystalline basement depths from boreholes. For depths larger than those reached by boreholes, the new model allows new insight into the complex structure of the Vienna Basin and surrounding areas, including deep low-velocity zones, which we image with previously unachieved detail. This model may be used in the future to interpret the deeper structures and tectonic evolution of the wider Vienna Basin region, evaluate natural resources, model wave propagation and improve earthquake locations, among others

    Crustal Thinning From Orogen to Back-Arc Basin: The Structure of the Pannonian Basin Region Revealed by P-to-S Converted Seismic Waves

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    We present the results of P-to-S receiver function analysis to improve the 3D image of the sedimentary layer, the upper crust, and lower crust in the Pannonian Basin area. The Pannonian Basin hosts deep sedimentary depocentres superimposed on a complex basement structure and it is surrounded by mountain belts. We processed waveforms from 221 three-component broadband seismological stations. As a result of the dense station coverage, we were able to achieve so far unprecedented spatial resolution in determining the velocity structure of the crust. We applied a three-fold quality control process; the first two being applied to the observed waveforms and the third to the calculated radial receiver functions. This work is the first comprehensive receiver function study of the entire region. To prepare the inversions, we performed station-wise H-Vp/Vs grid search, as well as Common Conversion Point migration. Our main focus was then the S-wave velocity structure of the area, which we determined by the Neighborhood Algorithm inversion method at each station, where data were sub-divided into back-azimuthal bundles based on similar Ps delay times. The 1D, nonlinear inversions provided the depth of the discontinuities, shear-wave velocities and Vp/Vs ratios of each layer per bundle, and we calculated uncertainty values for each of these parameters. We then developed a 3D interpolation method based on natural neighbor interpolation to obtain the 3D crustal structure from the local inversion results. We present the sedimentary thickness map, the first Conrad depth map and an improved, detailed Moho map, as well as the first upper and lower crustal thickness maps obtained from receiver function analysis. The velocity jump across the Conrad discontinuity is estimated at less than 0.2 km/s over most of the investigated area. We also compare the new Moho map from our approach to simple grid search results and prior knowledge from other techniques. Our Moho depth map presents local variations in the investigated area: the crust-mantle boundary is at 20–26 km beneath the sedimentary basins, while it is situated deeper below the Apuseni Mountains, Transdanubian and North Hungarian Ranges (28–33 km), and it is the deepest beneath the Eastern Alps and the Southern Carpathians (40–45 km). These values reflect well the Neogene evolution of the region, such as crustal thinning of the Pannonian Basin and orogenic thickening in the neighboring mountain belts

    Plateforme Instrumentale Sismologique d'ISTerre

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    The realization of large-scale seismological projects within the framework of RĂ©sif has led to a significant increase in the number of fixed and mobile instrument fleets between 2016 and 2020 and has brought to light the need for structures capable of testing, characterizing and calibrating all of this instrumentation. This requires infrastructures such as a dedicated seismological pillar, a test room and specific expertise. The Pise service (Eost Instrumental Seismological Platform) was born in 2016 in Strasbourg to meet this need. ISTerre, in Grenoble, having a seismological pillar in a dedicated room, its Geophysical Instrumentation Service has set up a platform similar to the one in Pise. Identical procedures have been deployed and adapted to the needs of SisMob, GProge (geophysical prospecting instrument park) and local permanent networks. In addition, specific procedures for the accelerometric sensors of the Rap have been developed, including a flip-flop allowing to check the static gain of the sensors along the three axes (from 0 to 1g). The Grenoble platform and a tool at the service of Sismob and the Rap, actions of RĂ©sif. RĂ©sif is a national research infrastructure dedicated to the observation and understanding of the Earth's internal structure and dynamics. RĂ©sif is based on observation networks of high technological level, composed of seismological, geodetic and gravimetric instruments deployed densely throughout France. The data collected allow to study with a high spatio-temporal resolution the ground deformation, the superficial and deep structures, the seismicity at the local and global scale and the natural hazards, especially seismic, on the French territory. RĂ©sif integrates with European (EPOS - European Plate Observing System) and worldwide instruments that allow to image the interior of the Earth as a whole and to study many natural phenomena.La réalisation de projets sismologiques d’envergure dans le cadre de RĂ©sif a entraĂźnĂ© une augmentation importante des parcs d’instruments fixes et mobiles entre 2016 et 2020 et a fait émerger le besoin de structures capables de tester, caractériser et étalonner l’ensemble de cette instrumentation. Cela requiĂšre des infrastructures telles qu’un pilier sismologique dédié, une salle de tests et des expertises spécifiques. Le service Pise (Plateforme Instrumentale Sismologique de l’Eost) est nĂ© en 2016 Ă  Strasbourg pour rĂ©pondre Ă  ce besoin. ISTerre, Ă  Grenoble, disposant d’un pilier sismologique dans une salle dĂ©diĂ©e, son Service Instrumentations GĂ©ophysiques a mis en place une plateforme analogue Ă  celle de Pise. Des procĂ©dures identiques ont Ă©tĂ© dĂ©ployĂ©es et adaptĂ©es aux besoins de SisMob, GProge (parc d’instruments de prospection gĂ©ophysique) et des rĂ©seaux permanents locaux. En complĂ©ment, des procĂ©dures spĂ©cifiques pour les capteurs accĂ©lĂ©romĂ©triques du Rap ont Ă©tĂ© dĂ©veloppĂ©es, dont une bascule permettant de vĂ©rifier le gain statique des capteurs selon les trois axes (de 0 Ă  1g). La plateforme grenobloise et un outil au service de Sismob et du Rap, des actions de RĂ©sif. RĂ©sif est une infrastructure de recherche nationale dĂ©diĂ©e Ă  l’observation et la comprĂ©hension de la structure et de la dynamique Terre interne. RĂ©sif se base sur des rĂ©seaux d’observation de haut niveau technologique, composĂ©s d’instruments sismologiques, gĂ©odĂ©siques et gravimĂ©triques dĂ©ployĂ©s de maniĂšre dense sur tout le territoire français. Les donnĂ©es recueillies permettent d’étudier avec une haute rĂ©solution spatio-temporelle la dĂ©formation du sol, les structures superficielles et profondes, la sismicitĂ© Ă  l’échelle locale et globale et les alĂ©as naturels, et plus particuliĂšrement sismiques, sur le territoire français. RĂ©sif s’intĂšgre aux dispositifs europĂ©ens (EPOS - European Plate Observing System) et mondiaux d’instruments permettant d’imager l’intĂ©rieur de la Terre dans sa globalitĂ© et d’étudier de nombreux phĂ©nomĂšnes naturels

    Parc de stations courte-période autonomes de type 'nodes' de Résif-Sismob

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    The Sismob park has adapted to the new needs of temporary seismological projects that are increasingly oriented towards the deployment of densified instrumentation on local or regional scales. The picture shows the park of autonomous short-period stations of the typenodes (Zland/Fairfield - 5 Hz geophones, 3 components) that completed the park in June 2017. Thanks to the nodes, densified networks on a very local scale could be deployed onshort periods (1 to 2 months). An example is the project to monitor the activity of the hydrothermal system at La SoufriĂšre, Guadeloupe (65 nodes for 2 months), the ANR project Resolve-ArgentiĂšre (100 nodes on the ArgentiĂšre glacier in the Mont-Blanc massif for 1 month), the Deep Geothermal project, EOST, Rittershoffen, Bas-Rhin (65 nodes for 15 days). Sismob is part of RĂ©sif, a national research infrastructure dedicated to the observation and understanding of the Earth's internal structure and dynamics. RĂ©sif is based on observation networks of high technological level, composed of seismological, geodetic and gravimetric instruments deployed densely throughout the French territory. The data collected allow to study with a high spatio-temporal resolution the ground deformation, the superficial and deep structures, the seismicity at the local and global scale and the natural hazards, especially seismic, on the French territory. RĂ©sif integrates with European (EPOS - European Plate Observing System) and worldwide instruments that allow to image the interior of the Earth as a whole and to study many natural phenomena.Le parc Sismob s’est adaptĂ© aux nouveaux besoins des projets sismologiques temporaires s’orientant de plus en plus vers le dĂ©ploiement d’une instrumentation densifiĂ©e Ă  des Ă©chelles locales ou rĂ©gionales. La photo montre le parc de stations courte-pĂ©riode autonomes de type‘nodes’ (Zland/Fairfield - gĂ©ophones 5 Hz, 3 composantes) qui est venu complĂ©ter le parc en juin 2017. GrĂące aux nodes, des rĂ©seaux densifiĂ©s Ă  l’échelle trĂšs locale ont pu ĂȘtre dĂ©ployĂ©s sur des pĂ©riodes courtes (1 Ă  2 mois). On peut citer, en exemple, le projet de suivi de l’activitĂ© dusystĂšme hydrothermal Ă  la SoufriĂšre, Guadeloupe (65 nodes pendant 2 mois), le projet ANR Resolve-ArgentiĂšre (100 nodes sur le glacier de l’ArgentiĂšre dans le massif du Mont-Blanc pendant 1 mois), le projet GĂ©othermie profonde, EOST, Rittershoffen, Bas-Rhin (65 nodes pendant 15 jours). Sismob est l'une des actions de RĂ©sif, une infrastructure de recherche nationale dĂ©diĂ©e Ă  l’observation et la comprĂ©hension de la structure et de la dynamique Terre interne. RĂ©sif se base sur des rĂ©seaux d’observation de haut niveau technologique, composĂ©s d’instruments sismologiques, gĂ©odĂ©siques et gravimĂ©triques dĂ©ployĂ©s de maniĂšre dense sur tout le territoire français. Les donnĂ©es recueillies permettent d’étudier avec une haute rĂ©solution spatio-temporelle la dĂ©formation du sol, les structures superficielles et profondes, la sismicitĂ© Ă  l’échelle locale et globale et les alĂ©as naturels, et plus particuliĂšrement sismiques, sur le territoire français. RĂ©sif s’intĂšgre aux dispositifs europĂ©ens (EPOS - European Plate Observing System) et mondiaux d’instruments permettant d’imager l’intĂ©rieur de la Terre dans sa globalitĂ© et d’étudier de nombreux phĂ©nomĂšnes naturels

    Bascule pour le test de capteurs accélérométriques sur la plateforme sismologique instrumentale d'ISTerre

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    The realization of large-scale seismological projects within the framework of RĂ©sif has led to a significant increase in the number of fixed and mobile instrument fleets between 2016 and 2020 and has brought to light the need for structures capable of testing, characterizing and calibrating all of this instrumentation. This requires infrastructures such as a dedicated seismological pillar, a test room and specific expertise. The Pise service (Eost Instrumental Seismological Platform) was born in 2016 in Strasbourg to meet this need. ISTerre, in Grenoble, having a seismological pillar in a dedicated room, its Geophysical Instrumentation Service has set up a platform similar to the one in Pise. Identical procedures have been deployed and adapted to the needs of SisMob, GProge (geophysical prospecting instrument park) and local permanent networks. In addition, specific procedures for the accelerometric sensors of the Rap have been developed, including a flip-flop allowing to check the static gain of the sensors along the three axes (from 0 to 1g - See photo). The Grenoble platform and a tool at the service of Sismob and the Rap, actions of RĂ©sif. RĂ©sif is a national research infrastructure dedicated to the observation and understanding of the Earth's internal structure and dynamics. RĂ©sif is based on observation networks of high technological level, composed of seismological, geodetic and gravimetric instruments deployed densely throughout France. The data collected allow to study with a high spatio-temporal resolution the ground deformation, the superficial and deep structures, the seismicity at the local and global scale and the natural hazards, especially seismic, on the French territory. RĂ©sif integrates with European (EPOS - European Plate Observing System) and worldwide instruments that allow to image the interior of the Earth as a whole and to study many natural phenomena.La réalisation de projets sismologiques d’envergure dans le cadre de RĂ©sif a entraĂźnĂ© une augmentation importante des parcs d’instruments fixes et mobiles entre 2016 et 2020 et a fait émerger le besoin de structures capables de tester, caractériser et étalonner l’ensemble de cette instrumentation. Cela requiĂšre des infrastructures telles qu’un pilier sismologique dédié, une salle de tests et des expertises spécifiques. Le service Pise (Plateforme Instrumentale Sismologique de l’Eost) est nĂ© en 2016 Ă  Strasbourg pour rĂ©pondre Ă  ce besoin. ISTerre, Ă  Grenoble, disposant d’un pilier sismologique dans une salle dĂ©diĂ©e, son Service Instrumentations GĂ©ophysiques a mis en place une plateforme analogue Ă  celle de Pise. Des procĂ©dures identiques ont Ă©tĂ© dĂ©ployĂ©es et adaptĂ©es aux besoins de SisMob, GProge (parc d’instruments de prospection gĂ©ophysique) et des rĂ©seaux permanents locaux. En complĂ©ment, des procĂ©dures spĂ©cifiques pour les capteurs accĂ©lĂ©romĂ©triques du Rap ont Ă©tĂ© dĂ©veloppĂ©es, dont une bascule permettant de vĂ©rifier le gain statique des capteurs selon les trois axes (de 0 Ă  1g - photo). La plateforme grenobloise et un outil au service de Sismob et du Rap, des actions de RĂ©sif. RĂ©sif est une infrastructure de recherche nationale dĂ©diĂ©e Ă  l’observation et la comprĂ©hension de la structure et de la dynamique Terre interne. RĂ©sif se base sur des rĂ©seaux d’observation de haut niveau technologique, composĂ©s d’instruments sismologiques, gĂ©odĂ©siques et gravimĂ©triques dĂ©ployĂ©s de maniĂšre dense sur tout le territoire français. Les donnĂ©es recueillies permettent d’étudier avec une haute rĂ©solution spatio-temporelle la dĂ©formation du sol, les structures superficielles et profondes, la sismicitĂ© Ă  l’échelle locale et globale et les alĂ©as naturels, et plus particuliĂšrement sismiques, sur le territoire français. RĂ©sif s’intĂšgre aux dispositifs europĂ©ens (EPOS - European Plate Observing System) et mondiaux d’instruments permettant d’imager l’intĂ©rieur de la Terre dans sa globalitĂ© et d’étudier de nombreux phĂ©nomĂšnes naturels

    Être entrepreneur de soi-mĂȘme : l'auto-emploi

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    International audienceFace Ă  l’engouement que le rĂ©gime d’auto-entrepreneuriat semble susciter depuis sa crĂ©ation, ce numĂ©ro vise Ă  Ă©clairer les formes et les usages Ă©conomiques et sociaux de l’auto-emploi. Il prĂ©sente notamment les arbitrages rendus par les travailleurs entre les diffĂ©rents statuts d’activitĂ© sous la contrainte des donneurs d’ordre d’une part, des protections et des obligations relatives Ă  chacun d’eux d’autre part ; les usages sectoriels spĂ©cifiques de l’auto-emploi comme mode d’exercice du travail ou comme voie d’insertion dans un champ professionnel donnĂ© ; les articulations entre auto-emploi, chĂŽmage et salariat dans les trajectoires professionnelles

    Les plateformes instrumentales sismologiques

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    Le parc national d'instruments Sismologiques Mobiles terrestres (SisMob), est hĂ©bergĂ© et gĂ©rĂ© Ă  l'Osug/ISTerre (Grenoble) au sein du Service Instrumentations GĂ©ophysiques (Sig). Le parc compte 120 stations de type large-bande (LB) ou moyenne-bande (MB), composĂ©es de capteurs et numĂ©riseurs dissociĂ©s pouvant ĂȘtre connectĂ©s pour transmettre les donnĂ©es en temps rĂ©el
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