Hydrogen as a Rail Mass Transit Fuel

There is a continually growing need for mass transport and along with customer desire for greater comfort and speed, its consumption of energy will grow faster still. The fiscal cost of energy plus global warming has spurred efficiency improvement and thoughts now concentrate on fuels. In the UK for major lines for trains, this is electricity generated in a benign fashion in large facilities nominally remote from the train and track. Electric trains tend to be lighter, hence more efficient and demand less maintenance than their diesel counterpart. Similar arguments, including pollution emissions apply to city mass transit systems. For medium density and lower density routes, whether fuel cells or the next generation of IC or GT engines are employed, hydrogen is a prime energy candidate and here we examine its feed, production, distribution, and application, including generator location. Hydrogen from steam hydrocarbon reformers have even been installed in ships. Other countries have similar desires to those of the UK, including Saudi Arabia, but their problems are different and outline examples from Australia and Saudi Arabia are included

Why a clearer ‘green industrial policy’ matters for India: Reconciling growth, climate change and inequality

© 2016, © The Author(s) 2016. To ensure a healthy growth of the economy particularly in the manufacturing sector, the Indian Government is more than ever focussed on promoting the use of sustainable and affordable energy resources. Recent initiatives such as the Solar Cities Development Programme are a good example. However, in order for these initiatives to gain legitimacy as part of a new ‘green industrial policy’, the Indian Government needs to do more, especially by bringing on board strategies for combating poverty within the gamut of this emerging ‘green industrial policy’ as well as to re-think India’s position on global conventions on climate change

Identifying and tracking key climate adaptation actors in the UK

To understand how climate adaptation planning and decision-making will progress, a better understanding is needed as to which organisations are expected to take on key responsibilities. Methodological challenges have impeded efforts to identify and track adaptation actors beyond the coarse scale of nation states. Yet, for effective adaptation to succeed, who do national governments need to engage, support and encourage? Using the UK as a case study, we conducted a systematic review of official government documents on climate adaptation, between 2006 and 2015, to understand which organisations are identified as key to future adaptation efforts and tracked the extent to which these organisations changed over time. Our unique longitudinal dataset found a very large number of organisations (n = 568). These organisations varied in size (small-medium enterprises to large multinationals), type (public, private and not-for-profit), sector (e.g. water, energy, transport and health), scale (local, national and international), and roles and responsibilities (policymaking, decision-making, knowledge production, retail). Importantly, our findings reveal a mismatch between official government policies that repeatedly call on private organisations to drive adaptation, on the one hand, and a clear dominance of the public sector on the other hand. Yet, the capacity of organisations to fulfil the roles and responsibilities assigned to them, particularly in the public sector, is diminishing. Unless addressed, climate adaptation actions could be assigned to those either unable, or unwilling, to implement them

Marshal Ferdinand Foch, his life and his theory of modern war,

Mode of access: Internet

The German army in war,

Mode of access: Internet

British battles on land and sea

" Chapters XCVII.-C (inclusive) CVI. and CVIII.-CX are by Mr. A. Hilliard Atteridge, and chapters CI.-CV., CVII., and CXI., CXIII. by Mr. A. E. Abbott [pseud. of James Barr]"."Chronological résumé of British battles on land and sea" : v. 3, p. 375-554.Title of v. 4 reads "Recent British battles..."v. 1. 1066-1743. --v. 2. 1745-1826.--v. 3. 1827-1874.--v.4 1874-1897.Mode of access: Internet.Recon24

The reality of war, a companion to "Clausewitz,"

Popular edition, ed. by A. Hilliard Atteridge.Mode of access: Internet

Private sector finance for adaptation

An emphasis on private finance has emerged in climate finance discussions, particularly in the context of international climate change negotiations. This is partly because the overall volume of finance needed to support adaptation in developing countries is beyond what many expect public finance to be able to contribute. This chapter identifies current evidence about private sector financing for adaptation and analyses how more private finance could be mobilised through both financial and non-financial instruments

Debt relief and financing climate change action

Slow progress in scaling-up climate finance has emerged as a major bottleneck in international negotiations. Debt relief for climate finance swaps could provide an alternative source for financing mitigation and adaptation action in developing countries