Nanostructured CdO doped MnO2 Thick Film Resistors as Ethanol Sensors

The disc type ultrasonicated microwave assisted centrifuge technique was used for the synthesis of nanostructured pure and CdO doped MnO2 powders. The dry powders of as synthesized materials were transformed into thick films by screen printing technique. Synthesized stoichiometric pure MnO2 was observed to be less sensitive to hazardous, toxic and inflammable gases, though they are of nanoscaled. Doping of CdO in MnO2 results in enhancing the gas sensing performance to ethanol. It was observed that, the ethanol response of 3 wt% CdO doped MnO2 thick films, increase crucially at 250oC. It was also observed that, further increase in doping concentration would leads to decrease the gas response. Various characterization techniques were employed to study the surface morphology, structure of the crystal, phases, particle’s size, etc. Effect of the surface nanostructure, different gases, gas concentrations, particle size, long duration for ageing, etc. on the gas response of the samples were studied and discussed. The quick response and fast recovery are the main features of this sensor

DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION OF UV SPECTROPHOTOMETRIC METHODS FOR DETERMINATION OF MEGLUMINE IN BULK

UV, first, second and third derivative spectrophotometric methods have been developed for the determination of meglumine. The solutions of standard and sample were prepared in distilled water. For the first method i.e. calibration curve UV spectrophotometric method, the quantitative determination of the drug was carried at 254 nm and the linearity range was found to be 10 – 60 µg/ml. For the first, second, third derivative spectrophotometric methods the drug was determined at 247 nm, 216 nm, 266 nm with the linearity range 10 – 60 µg /ml. The calibration graphs constructed at their wavelength of determination were found to be linear for UV and derivative spectrophotometric methods. All the proposed methods have been extensively validated. There was no significant difference between the performance of the proposed methods regarding the mean values and standard deviations

Urinoma: a rare complication of ureteral calculi

Urinoma is a collection of extravasated urine either in renal subcapsular or perirenal space. It is caused by obstructive and non-obstructive pathologies. It is rare; with trauma as most common cause in adults and ureteral stones as least common. It mimics symptoms of ureteral stone. CT KUB is best modality to detect it. Here we present a case of ureteral calculi leading to urinomas formation in a 42 years old male patient present with retention of urine and pain in left flank region with nausea, vomiting and fever

NEEDLELESS INJECTION SYSTEM: AN OVERVIEW

Needle-less injections are designed to solve the problem associated with hypodermic needle injection. Needle-less injection system was first introduced by Marshell Lockhart in1936. Needle-less system is based on the principle of electrophoresis to deliver the medicament through the skin. This devices are easy to use, it does not required any skilled person. This review is inclined on the needle-less injection system which gives detail information about advantages, disadvantages of the system. This review describes needle-free injection technology involving the generation of force by using compressed gas upon actuation in order to deliver a drug at very high speed through a nozzle. This review also gives brief knowledge about the components. This review also gives brief information about injection methods i. e. spring load jet injector, battery powdered jet injector, and gas powdered jet injector

Effect of nitrogen levels on growth and yield of turmeric

An experiment was conducted during 2000-2001 to study the response of two turmeric varieties (Krishna and Selam), five levels of nitrogen (0, 40, 80, 120, 150 kg ha-1) on growth and yield. The results indicated that variety Krishna responded favourably for all the characters to the application of 120 kg N ha-1. The maximum rhizome yield of 277.87 and 225.43 q ha-1, respectively was harvested by the application of 120 kg N ha-1 with turmeric variety 'Krishna'. The interaction of nitrogen x variety was significant only for fresh weight of fingers per plant. &nbsp

Biogeographical venom variation in the Indian spectacled cobra (Naja naja) underscores the pressing need for pan-India efficacious snakebite therapy

Background: Snake venom composition is dictated by various ecological and environmental factors, and can exhibit dramatic variation across geographically disparate populations of the same species. This molecular diversity can undermine the efficacy of snakebite treatments, as antivenoms produced against venom from one population may fail to neutralise others. India is the world’s snakebite hotspot, with 58,000 fatalities and 140,000 morbidities occurring annually. Spectacled cobra (Naja naja) and Russell’s viper (Daboia russelii) are known to cause the majority of these envenomations, in part due to their near country-wide distributions. However, the impact of differing ecologies and environment on their venom compositions has not been comprehensively studied. Methods: Here, we used a multi-disciplinary approach consisting of venom proteomics, biochemical and pharmacological analyses, and in vivo research to comparatively analyse N. naja venoms across a broad region (>6000 km; seven populations) covering India’s six distinct biogeographical zones. Findings: By generating the most comprehensive pan-Indian proteomic and toxicity profiles to date, we unveil considerable differences in the composition, pharmacological effects and potencies of geographically-distinct venoms from this species and, through the use of immunological assays and preclinical experiments, demonstrate alarming repercussions on antivenom therapy. We find that commercially-available antivenom fails to effectively neutralise envenomations by the pan-Indian populations of N. naja, including a complete lack of neutralisation against the desert Naja population. Conclusion: Our findings highlight the significant influence of ecology and environment on snake venom composition and potency, and stress the pressing need to innovate pan-India effective antivenoms to safeguard the lives, limbs and livelihoods of the country’s 200,000 annual snakebite victims

Effectiveness and safety of COVID-19 vaccines on maternal and perinatal outcomes:a systematic review and meta-analysis

Objective: To assess the effects of COVID-19 vaccines in women before or during pregnancy on SARS-CoV-2 infection-related, pregnancy, offspring and reactogenicity outcomes. Design: Systematic review and meta-analysis. Data sources: Major databases between December 2019 and January 2023. Study selection: Nine pairs of reviewers contributed to study selection. We included test-negative designs, comparative cohorts and randomised trials on effects of COVID-19 vaccines on infection-related and pregnancy outcomes. Non-comparative cohort studies reporting reactogenicity outcomes were also included. Quality assessment, data extraction and analysis: Two reviewers independently assessed study quality and extracted data. We undertook random-effects meta-analysis and reported findings as HRs, risk ratios (RRs), ORs or rates with 95% CIs. Results: Sixty-seven studies (1 813 947 women) were included. Overall, in test-negative design studies, pregnant women fully vaccinated with any COVID-19 vaccine had 61% reduced odds of SARS-CoV-2 infection during pregnancy (OR 0.39, 95% CI 0.21 to 0.75; 4 studies, 23 927 women; I2=87.2%) and 94% reduced odds of hospital admission (OR 0.06, 95% CI 0.01 to 0.71; 2 studies, 868 women; I2=92%). In adjusted cohort studies, the risk of hypertensive disorders in pregnancy was reduced by 12% (RR 0.88, 95% CI 0.82 to 0.92; 2 studies; 115 085 women), while caesarean section was reduced by 9% (OR 0.91, 95% CI 0.85 to 0.98; 6 studies; 30 192 women). We observed an 8% reduction in the risk of neonatal intensive care unit admission (RR 0.92, 95% CI 0.87 to 0.97; 2 studies; 54 569 women) in babies born to vaccinated versus not vaccinated women. In general, vaccination during pregnancy was not associated with increased risk of adverse pregnancy or perinatal outcomes. Pain at the injection site was the most common side effect reported (77%, 95% CI 52% to 94%; 11 studies; 27 195 women). Conclusion: COVID-19 vaccines are effective in preventing SARS-CoV-2 infection and related complications in pregnant women. PROSPERO registration number: CRD42020178076

Effectiveness and safety of COVID-19 vaccines on maternal and perinatal outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the effects of COVID-19 vaccines in women before or during pregnancy on SARS-CoV-2 infection-related, pregnancy, offspring and reactogenicity outcomes. DESIGN: Systematic review and meta-analysis. DATA SOURCES: Major databases between December 2019 and January 2023. STUDY SELECTION: Nine pairs of reviewers contributed to study selection. We included test-negative designs, comparative cohorts and randomised trials on effects of COVID-19 vaccines on infection-related and pregnancy outcomes. Non-comparative cohort studies reporting reactogenicity outcomes were also included. QUALITY ASSESSMENT, DATA EXTRACTION AND ANALYSIS: Two reviewers independently assessed study quality and extracted data. We undertook random-effects meta-analysis and reported findings as HRs, risk ratios (RRs), ORs or rates with 95% CIs. RESULTS: Sixty-seven studies (1 813 947 women) were included. Overall, in test-negative design studies, pregnant women fully vaccinated with any COVID-19 vaccine had 61% reduced odds of SARS-CoV-2 infection during pregnancy (OR 0.39, 95% CI 0.21 to 0.75; 4 studies, 23 927 women; I2=87.2%) and 94% reduced odds of hospital admission (OR 0.06, 95% CI 0.01 to 0.71; 2 studies, 868 women; I2=92%). In adjusted cohort studies, the risk of hypertensive disorders in pregnancy was reduced by 12% (RR 0.88, 95% CI 0.82 to 0.92; 2 studies; 115 085 women), while caesarean section was reduced by 9% (OR 0.91, 95% CI 0.85 to 0.98; 6 studies; 30 192 women). We observed an 8% reduction in the risk of neonatal intensive care unit admission (RR 0.92, 95% CI 0.87 to 0.97; 2 studies; 54 569 women) in babies born to vaccinated versus not vaccinated women. In general, vaccination during pregnancy was not associated with increased risk of adverse pregnancy or perinatal outcomes. Pain at the injection site was the most common side effect reported (77%, 95% CI 52% to 94%; 11 studies; 27 195 women). CONCLUSION: COVID-19 vaccines are effective in preventing SARS-CoV-2 infection and related complications in pregnant women. PROSPERO REGISTRATION NUMBER: CRD42020178076

PHYTOCHEMICAL AND MEDICINAL STUDY OF LANTANA CAMARA LINN. (VERBENACEAE) - A REVIEW

Lantana camara is a plant from the family - Verbenaceae. It is found in many states of India, mostly in Jammu-Kashmir, Himachal Pradesh, Tamil Nadu, South India, Uttar Pradesh, and several parts of Maharashtra and other countries also. Mainly in disturbed areas, including roadside, railway tracks, and canals. It is an ornamental plant but, in ancient times, it was used traditionally. The plant having various traditional uses. Parts of plant extracts are used traditionally such as the healing of wounds, cuts, skin itches, and eczema. The plant containing many more phytoconstituents such as alkaloids, glycosides, saponins, steroids, terpenoids, carbohydrates, flavonoids, and coumarins. It has various pharmacological activities antioxidant, antimicrobial, antibacterial, antifungal, antiulcerogenic, anthelmintic, anti-hyperglycemic, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, anticancer, antitubercular, etc. It also having mosquito larvicidal activity. This review article was written by the study of many research and review articles from 1956 to March 2021 in which 72 articles were cited. This article reviewed different phytochemicals present in L. camara. The review draws attention to the traditional uses, analytical work, pharmacological activities, and toxicology of this plant and also the potential uses of this plant