PARAMETER ESTIMATION FOR THE MARXIAN OPTIMAL GROWTH MODEL

In this article, we conduct an empirical analysis of a model called the Marxian Optimal Growth Model proposed by Yamashita and Onishi (2002). Mathematically, the Yamashita-Onishi model is the same as the neoclassical optimal growth model. Therefore, if analysis is limited to the steady state in the Yamashita-Onishi model, it is possible to use the techniques of macroeconometrics based on the dynamic stochastic general equilibrium model developed in the field of mainstream macro-econometrics. Examination of the analysis results showed that most of the discrepancies between the model and data are explained by error terms. To a certain extent, this could have been foreseen from the unrealistic assumptions of the basic Yamashita-Onishi model, and the fact that it was confirmed through actual analysis is significant. In this article, we must also note the fact that, although a Bayesian estimation approach was used in the analysis, the posterior distribution of the parameters derived as a result of the analysis is strongly affected by the prior distribution. This trend is particularly striking due to the small number of data items in the macroeconomic field

Methyl halides in surface seawater and marine boundary layer of the northwest Pacific

The partial pressures of methyl halides (CH3X; X = Cl, Br, or I) and of CHClF2 (HCFC‐22), which are all volatile organic compounds (VOCs), were measured in the air of the marine boundary layer (pVOCair) and in surface seawater (pVOCwater) during a cruise from the subarctic to subtropical regions of the northwest Pacific in summer of 2008. In the northern transition water (TWN) with high biological activity, high levels of the three CH3Xs in surface seawater were frequently observed, probably owing to their enhanced production by phytoplankton. Supersaturation of CH3Br was only present in TWN water, with a saturation anomaly (SCH3Br) of 0.95 [SCH3X = (pCH3Xwater − pCH3Xair)/pCH3Xair]. The highest saturation anomalies for CH3Cl (SCH3Cl = 1.6) and CH3I (SCH3I = 91) were found in the southern subtropical water (STS) with low biological production south of the subtropical front. We found that the molar concentrations of CH3Cl (CCH3Cl) and CH3I (CCH3I) sharply increased with increasing sea surface temperature (SST) in the subtropical waters. The maximum CCH3Cl (144 pmol l−1) was present in STS water at SST = 30°C and is 1.5 times the value extrapolated from the previously reported relationship between CCH3Cl and SST. Photochemical production might have contributed to the production of CH3Cl and CH3I in STS water