Generation of pulse trains with nonconventional temporal correlation properties

We apply time dependent spectral phase modulation to generate pulse trains that are spectrally and temporally partially coherent in an ensemble averaged sense. We consider, in particular, quadratic spectral phase modulation of Gaussian pulses, and demonstrate two particular types of nonuniformly correlated pulse trains. The controlled partial temporal coherence of the nonstationary fields is generated using a pulse compressor and experimentally verified with frequency resolved optical gating (FROG). We show that the correlation characteristics of such pulse trains can be retrieved directly from the FROG spectrograms provided one has certain a priori knowledge of the pulse train. Our results open a pathway for experimental confirmation of several correlation induced effects in the temporal domain.acceptedVersionPeer reviewe

Dataset supporting "Neutron diffraction study of indole solvation in deep eutectic systems of choline chloride, malic acid, and water"

This dataset includes neutron diffraction data from samples of indole in choline chloride:malic acid deep eutectic solvent in the presence and absence of water. The data has been processed using the program Gudrun to remove background scattering and instrumental effects, (creating .mint01 files) so it is ready for use in data fitting. The text files contain a header describing the name of the sample, the experimenters, and then three columns: Q (x-axis), differential scattering cross section (y-axis), error in intensity.Solutions of indole in choline chloride:malic acid deep eutectic solvent were prepared using h- or d-choline chloride, and h- or d-malic acid. The solutions were loaded into TiZr cuvettes, sealed and attached to the sample changer at 25C. Neutron scattering data was collected using the NIMROD instrument at the ISIS Neutron and Muon Source, UK. The raw neutron diffraction data files are available from the ISIS Neutron and Muon Source Data Journal under the title "Denitrogenation of fuel oils using hydrated choline chloride:malic acid DES".Raw data was processed to remove backgrounds and instrumental factors, to create the .mint01 files containing differential scattering cross-section against Q.The Gudrun software (https://www.isis.stfc.ac.uk/Pages/Gudrun.aspx) was used to process the data.The data are in three-column text files (x, y, error in y), with a 14 line header including sample and experimenter names

Data supporting: Morphology modulation of ionic surfactant micelles in ternary deep eutectic solvents

This dataset contains raw and processed data in support of the named publication. This consists primarily of small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) data for mixtures of anionic and cationic surfactants in ternary deep eutectic solvents. Data files for differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and viscosity measurements on the pure deep eutectic solvents are also included.Small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) measurements were carried out on the LOQ and Zoom instruments at ISIS Pulsed Neutron and Muon Source, UK. Mixtures either of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), C12TAB and C16TAB (at concentrations of 25 mM and 130 mM) in choline chloride:urea:glycerol DES at different molar ratios were measured in various isotopic substitutions at 70 °C. The following measurements were carried out on pure choline chloride:urea:glycerol DES in molar ratios of 1:0.5:1.5, 1:1:1 and 1:1.5:0.5: - Differential scanning calorimetry: DSC measurements on the neat solvents were carried out on a TA Instruments DSC-Q20 differential scanning calorimeter. The sample was first equilibrated at 50 °C and held for 1 min, cooled to -75 °C at a ramp rate of 10 °C min-1 and held for 10 min, before heating to 30 °C at a ramp rate of 5 °C min-1 . - Viscosity: The viscosity of the solvents was measured using a TA Instruments HR-3 Discovery Hybrid Rheometer operating in flat plate geometry with Peltier temperature control. Viscosity data was obtained in a temperature range of 20 °C – 85 °C at a fixed shear rate of 1 s-1. The DES were measured as prepared, with a seal of mineral oil to prevent solvent interaction with the atmosphere during measurements.SANS data were reduced using the routines within Mantid (https://www.mantidproject.org/Main_Page) following the standard procedures on each instrument. The data were normalized to the sample transmission, calibrated to absolute units using a polymer standard and corrected for detector efficiencies, before scattering from the empty cell was subtracted. The resulting output was converted to absolute units of the scattering intensity (I(q), cm-1) vs. the momentum transfer (q, Å-1). Subtraction of the scattering from the pure solvents was performed afterwards using Igor Pro to account for the incoherent contribution to each sample.Output data from the SANS experiment consists of .txt files in the standard 1D format of I(q) vs. q (http://danse.chem.utk.edu/trac/wiki/NCNROutput1D_IQ). This data can be fitted using any available software capable of fitting SANS data. All other data is also given as .txt files and can be viewed and plotted using any suitable software.All data files relating to the same experimental technique are grouped together in sub-folders. Files relating to DSC and viscosity measurements on the pure DES. A PDF file is included in the sub-folder containing SANS data which provides a brief description of the contents of each data file

Data set for "Self-assembly of ionic and non-ionic surfactants in type IV cerium nitrate and urea based deep eutectic solvent"

This is the dataset for cationic surfactants dodecyl trimethylammoniumnitrate/bromide (C12TANO3/C12TAB), anionic surfactant sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), and non-ionic surfactants hexaethylene glycol monododecyl ether (C12EO6) and octaethylene glycol monohexadecyl ether (C16EO8) in a Type IVDES comprising the metal salt cerium (III) nitrate hexahydrate and urea in the ratio 1:3.5. The folder contains data from the SANS measurements along with the fits, tensiometery measurements used to calculate the cmc and the characterization data including the DSC and viscosity measurements.Small Angle Neutron Scattering Measurements were carried out at room temperature on SANS2D instrument at the ISIS Pulsed Neutron and Muon Source, UK (RB1920676) Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) measurements to determine the melting/transition temperature of the neat DES were carried out on a TA Instruments DSC-Q20 differential scanning calorimeter. The viscosity of the DES was measured using a TA Instruments HR-3 Discovery Hybrid Rheometer operating in flat plate geometry with Peltier temperature control. Room temperature viscosity data for the DES was obtained for applied shear rate ranging from 0.1−100 1/s at 25C the temperature sweep data was measured at shear rate of 1 1/s for temperature ranging from−10C to 40C.The SANS data was fitted using SasView software and plotted in Igor 6.

Morphology Modulation of Ionic Surfactant Micelles in Ternary Deep Eutectic Solvents

Deep eutectic solvents (DES) are potentially greener solvents obtained through the complexation of simple precursors which, among other applications, have been investigated in recent years for their ability to support the self-assembly of amphiphilic molecules. It is crucial to understand the factors which influence surfactant solubility and self-assembly with respect to the interaction of the surfactant molecule with the DES components. In this work, small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) has been used to investigate the micellization of cationic (CnTAB) and anionic (SDS) surfactants in a ternary DES comprising choline chloride, urea, and glycerol, where the hydrogen bond donors are mixed in varying molar ratios. The results show that in each case either globular or rodlike micelles are formed with the degree of elongation being directly dependent on the composition of the DES. It is hypothesized that this composition dependence arises largely from the poor solubility of the counterions in the DES, especially at low glycerol content, leading to a tighter binding of the counterion to the micelle surface and giving rise to micelles with a high aspect ratio. This potential for accurate control over micelle morphology presents unique opportunities for rheology control or to develop templated syntheses of porous materials in DES, utilizing the solvent composition to tailor micelle shape and size, and hence the pore structure of the resulting material

Data supporting: Morphology modulation of ionic surfactant micelles in ternary deep eutectic solvents

This dataset contains raw and processed data in support of the named publication. This consists primarily of small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) data for mixtures of anionic and cationic surfactants in ternary deep eutectic solvents. Data files for differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and viscosity measurements on the pure deep eutectic solvents are also included

Dataset supporting "Neutron diffraction study of indole solvation in deep eutectic systems of choline chloride, malic acid, and water"

This dataset includes neutron diffraction data from samples of indole in choline chloride:malic acid deep eutectic solvent in the presence and absence of water. The data has been processed using the program Gudrun to remove background scattering and instrumental effects, (creating .mint01 files) so it is ready for use in data fitting. The text files contain a header describing the name of the sample, the experimenters, and then three columns: Q (x-axis), differential scattering cross section (y-axis), error in intensity

Data set for "Self-assembly of ionic and non-ionic surfactants in type IV cerium nitrate and urea based deep eutectic solvent"

This is the dataset for cationic surfactants dodecyl trimethylammoniumnitrate/bromide (C12TANO3/C12TAB), anionic surfactant sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), and non-ionic surfactants hexaethylene glycol monododecyl ether (C12EO6) and octaethylene glycol monohexadecyl ether (C16EO8) in a Type IVDES comprising the metal salt cerium (III) nitrate hexahydrate and urea in the ratio 1:3.5. The folder contains data from the SANS measurements along with the fits, tensiometery measurements used to calculate the cmc and the characterization data including the DSC and viscosity measurements

Data set for "Self-assembly of ionic and non-ionic surfactants in type IV cerium nitrate and urea based deep eutectic solvent"

This is the dataset for cationic surfactants dodecyl trimethylammoniumnitrate/bromide (C12TANO3/C12TAB), anionic surfactant sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), and non-ionic surfactants hexaethylene glycol monododecyl ether (C12EO6) and octaethylene glycol monohexadecyl ether (C16EO8) in a Type IVDES comprising the metal salt cerium (III) nitrate hexahydrate and urea in the ratio 1:3.5. The folder contains data from the SANS measurements along with the fits, tensiometery measurements used to calculate the cmc and the characterization data including the DSC and viscosity measurements