Parents' death and its implications for child survival

Reduction of child mortality is a global public health priority. Parents can play an important role in reducing child mortality. The inability of one or both parents to care for their children due to death, illness, divorce or separation increases the risk of death of their children. There is increasing evidence that the health, education, and  socioeconomic status of mothers and fathers have significant impact on the health and survival of their children. We conducted a literature review to explore the impact of the death of parents on the survival and wellbeing of their children and the mechanisms through which this impact is mediated. Studies have generally concluded that the death of a mother significantly increased the risk of death of her children, especially during the early years; the effect continues but is significantly reduced with increasing age through the age of 15 years. The effect of the loss of a father had less impact than the effect of losing a mother although it too had negative consequences for the survival prospect of the child. A mother’s health, education, socioeconomic status, fertility behavior, environmental health conditions, nutritional status and infant feeding, and the use of health services all play an important role in the level of risk of death of her children. Efforts to achieve the Millennium Development Goal No. 4 of reducing children’s under-5 mortality in developing countries by two thirds by 2015 should include promoting the health and education of women. Reduction of child mortality is a global public health priority. Parents can play an important role in reducing child mortality. The inability of one or both parents to care for their children due to death, illness, divorce or separation increases the risk of death of their children. There is increasing evidence that the health, education, and socioeconomic status of mothers and fathers have significant impact on the health and survival of their children.We conducted a literature review to explore the impact of the death of parents on the survival and wellbeing of their childrenand the mechanisms through which this impact is mediated. Studies have generally concluded that the death of a mother significantly increased the risk of death of her children, especially during the early years; the effect continues but is significantly reduced with increasing age through the age of 15 years. The effect of the loss of a father had less impact than the effect of losing a mother although it too had negative consequences for the survival prospect of the child. A mother's health, education, socioeconomic status, fertility behavior, environmental health conditions, nutritional status and infant feeding, and the use of health services all play an important role in the level of risk of death of her children. Efforts to achieve the Millennium Development Goal No. 4 of reducing children's under-5 mortality in developing countries by two thirds by 2015 should include promoting the health and education of women

Human resource management in lebanese hospitality

Управление персоналом в гостиничном бизнесе является основным направлением в ливанском гостеприимстве. Стратегия состоит в том, чтобы объединить три роли менеджеров по персоналу: административную роль, роль деловых партнеров и роль стратегических партнеров

Childhood mortality: still a global priority

Mortality of children under-5 continues to be a global priority. In 2012, 6.6 million children under-5 died worldwide; more than half of these deaths are due to diseases that are preventable and treatable through simple, affordable interventions. In response to the United Nations’ Millennium Development Goal (MDGs) which called, through MDG4,to “reduceby two thirds the under-5 child mortality, between 1990 and 2015”, global organizations and many countries set targets and developed specific strategies to reduce child mortality and monitor progress.As a result, the number of deaths in children under-5 worldwide declined from 12.4 million in 1990 to 6.6 in 2012. Under-5 child mortality dropped in all regions of the world. However, two major challenges face the international community: The wide disparity in the risk of child death among countries, and the emerging role of neonatal death as a major component of child mortality. In order to continue the progress in reducing under-5 child mortality worldwide, current efforts must continue and new strategies need to be implemented to focus on preventing neonatal deaths as they start to represent a larger proportion of under-5 child deaths. In particular, further reduction in neonatal mortality will depend heavily on improving maternal health (MDG5).The world leaders continue to support the MDGs. In 2010, in a major push to accelerate progress on women’s and children’s health, a number of Heads of State and Government from developed and developing countries, along with the private sector, foundations, international organizations, civil society and research organizations, pledged over $40 billion in resources over the next five years

The concept of human resources management for the lebanese organization

Human resources (HR) are an economic category which is now very important in Lebanon. Based on realized theoretical research, we have confirmed the hypothesis that there are at least four different scientific approaches to understanding the nature and importance of human resources. The research results are a summary of definitions in the human management, description of the concept for better understanding the situation with employees in Lebanon. There are some the definition of human resources and approaches to the human resources according to some economists and economic theory schools. In microeconomic view, there are two basic approaches. In terms of business economics, the human resources are considered as the production factor. According to the managerial view, the human resources are a business resource or asset which forms part of the market value of the company and investment in HR gives additional benefits for organizations. The macroeconomic approach sees human resources as one of the production factors, respectively sources of economic growth. There is the concept of human resources management for Lebanese organizations the main idea of which is a forming a new strategy of HRM due to indicators of an effective system of human resources management and evaluation of the level of HRM in Lebanon (attraction, selection, training,assessment)

Desigualdades na saúde: desafios, oportunidades e o que você pode fazer sobre isso: English

Racial disparities in health outcomes, access to health care, insurance coverage, and quality of care in the United States have existed for many years. The Development and implementation of effective strategies to reduce or eliminate health disparities are hindered by our inability to accurately assess the extent and types of health disparities due to the limited availability of race/ethnicity-specific information, the limited reliability of existing data and information, and the increasing diversity of the American population. Variations in racial and ethnic classification used to collect data hinders the ability to obtain reliable and accurate health-indicator rates and in some instances cause bias in estimating the race/ethnicity-specific health measures. In 1978, The Office of Management and Budget (OMB) issued "Directive 15" titled "Race and Ethnic Standards for Federal Statistics and Administrative Reporting" and provided a set of clear guidelines for classifying people by race and ethnicity. Access to health care, behavioral and psychosocial factors as well as cultural differences contribute to the racial and ethnic variations that exist in a person’s health. To help eliminate health disparities, we must ensure equal access to health care services as well as quality of care. Health care providers must become culturally competent and understand the differences that exist among the people they serve in order to eliminate disparities. Enhancement of data collection systems is essential for developing and implementing interventions targeted to deal with population-specific problems. Developing comprehensive and multi-level programs to eliminate healthcare disparities requires coordination and collaboration between the public (Local, state and federal health departments), private (Health Insurance companies, private health care providers), and professional (Physicians, nurses, pharmacists, laboratories, etc) sectors.  Disparidades raciais nos resultados de saúde, acesso a cuidados de saúde, cobertura de seguro e qualidade de atendimento nos Estados Unidos existem há muitos anos. O desenvolvimento e a implementação de estratégias efetivas para reduzir ou eliminar as disparidades de saúde são dificultadas pela nossa incapacidade de avaliar com precisão a extensão e os tipos de disparidades de saúde devido à disponibilidade limitada de informações específicas de raça / etnia, confiabilidade limitada dos dados e informações existentes. e a crescente diversidade da população americana. Variações na classificação racial e étnica usadas para coletar dados dificultam a obtenção de índices confiáveis e precisos de indicadores de saúde e, em alguns casos, causam viés na estimativa de medidas de saúde específicas de raça / etnia. Em 1978, o Escritório de Administração e Orçamento (OMB) publicou a "Diretriz 15" intitulada "Normas Raciais e Étnicas para Estatísticas Federais e Relatórios Administrativos" e forneceu um conjunto de diretrizes claras para classificar as pessoas por raça e etnia. O acesso a cuidados de saúde, factores comportamentais e psicossociais, bem como diferenças culturais, contribuem para as variações raciais e étnicas que existem na saúde de uma pessoa. Para ajudar a eliminar as disparidades de saúde, devemos garantir a igualdade de acesso aos serviços de saúde, bem como a qualidade do atendimento. Os prestadores de cuidados de saúde devem tornar-se culturalmente competentes e compreender as diferenças existentes entre as pessoas que servem para eliminar as disparidades. O aprimoramento dos sistemas de coleta de dados é essencial para desenvolver e implementar intervenções direcionadas para lidar com problemas específicos da população. O desenvolvimento de programas abrangentes e multiníveis para eliminar as disparidades na atenção à saúde exige coordenação e colaboração entre os setores público, privado e profissional (departamentos de saúde locais, estaduais e federais), privados (empresas de seguro-saúde, provedores privados de saúde) e profissionais (médicos e enfermeiros), farmacêuticos, laboratórios, etc)

Scenes of a fight

Panel: Note to Self: Why I Write What I Write (2

Analysis And Design Of A Modular Solar-fed Fault-tolerant Power System With Maximum Power Point Tracking

Solar power is becoming ever more popular in a variety of applications. It is particularly attractive because of its abundance, renewability, and environment friendliness. Solar powered spacecraft systems have ever-expanding loads with stringent power regulation specifications. Moreover, they require a light and compact design of their power system. These constraints make the optimization of power harvest from solar arrays a critical task. Florida Power Electronics Center (FPEC) at UCF set to develop a modular fault-tolerant power system architecture for space applications. This architecture provides a number of very attractive features including Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) and uniform power stress distribution across the system. MPPT is a control technique that leads the system to operate its solar sources at the point where they provide maximum power. This point constantly moves following changes in ambient operating conditions. A digital controller is setup to locate it in real time while optimizing other operating parameters. This control scheme can increase the energy yield of the system by up to 45%, and thus significantly reduces the size and weight of the designed system. The modularity of the system makes it easy to prototype and expand. It boosts its reliability and allows on-line reconfiguration and maintenance, thus reducing down-time upon faults. This thesis targets the analysis and optimization of this architecture. A new modeling technique is introduced for MPPT in practical environments, and a novel digital power stress distribution scheme is proposed in order to properly distribute peak and thermal stress and improve reliability. A 2kW four-channel prototype of the system was built and tested. Experimental results confirm the theoretical improvements, and promise great success in the field

Human resources in Lebanon: characteristic and problems of human resources management

В статье рассматриваются проблемы повышения эффективности управления человеческими ресурсами в ливанских организациях. Проводится анализ динамики макроэкономических показателей: количество экономически активного населения, уровень вовлеченности мужчин и женщин в экономику и производительность труда, влияние кризиса беженцев на человеческие ресурсы. В ходе исследования был выявлен ряд серьезных проблем в области управления людскими ресурсами ливанских организаций, в частности: неудовлетворенность условиями труда, проблемы в подготовке кадров а также переподготовка и поиск кадров, слабая мотивация работника к самостоятельной работе, недостаточный контроль, гендерные отношения