Nanovesicles for tumor-targeted drug delivery

Cancer is one of the most important burdens for the health systems worldwide due to cancer-related deaths associated with late diagnosis and treatment toxicities. Diagnosis of cancer plays a critical role in reducing cancer death rates as it facilitates early prognosis and treatment. Current cancer treatment mainly includes the resection of tumor tissue, radiation treatment, and pharmaceutical treatment. Although various techniques, methods, and drugs are clinically used in cancer diagnosis and treatment, they are inadequate for early diagnosis and effective treatment. Therefore, several studies regarding cancer-targeted nanosized drug delivery systems and theranostic approach are performed. Nanovesicular systems, one of the most important types of drug delivery systems, are formulated for the effective delivery and controlled release of active compounds such as drugs, genes, phytocompounds, and imaging agents. In this chapter, different types of nanovesicles are reviewed after providing information about conventional cancer imaging and treatment. Furthermore, targeting mechanisms of nanovesicles for cancer are explained. Finally, some studies performed to develop the nanovesicles as the imaging, treatment, or theranostic system for cancer are summarized. © 2022 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved

Radiolabeling and in vitro evaluation of a new 5-fluorouracil derivative with cell culture studies

PubMed ID: 31495966The clinical impact and accessibility of 99mTc tracers for cancer diagnosis would be greatly enhanced by the availability of a new, simple, and easy labeling process and radiopharmaceuticals. 5-Fluorouracil is an antitumor drug, which has played an important role for the treatment of breast carcinoma. In the present study, a new derivative of 5-Fluorouracil was synthesized as (1-[{1?-(1??-deoxy-2??,3??:4??,5??-di-O-isopropylidene-?-D-fructopyranose-1??-yl)-1?H-1?,2?, 3?-triazol-4?-yl}methyl]-5-fluorouracil) (E) and radiolabeled with 99mTc. It was analyzed by radio thin layer chromatography for quality control and stability. The radiolabeled complex was subjected to in vitro cell-binding studies to determine healthy and cancer cell affinity using HaCaT and MCF-7 cells, respectively. In addition, in vitro cytotoxicity studies of compound E were performed with HaCaT and MCF-5 cells. The radiochemical purity of the [99mTc]TcE was found to be higher than 90% at room temperature up to 6 hours. The radiolabeled complex showed higher specific binding to MCF-7 cells than HaCaT cells. IC50 values of E were found 31.5 ± 3.4 ?M and 20.7 ± 2.77 ?M for MCF-7 and HaCaT cells, respectively. The results demonstrated the potential of a new radiolabeled E with 99mTc has selective for breast cancer cells. © 2019 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.09/DPT/001 Türkiye Bilimsel ve Teknolojik Araştirma Kurumu, TÃœBITAK: TUBITAK?115/S/935This study was supported by The Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (TUBITAK?115/S/935). The authors also would like to thank the T.R. Prime Ministry State Planning Organization Foundation (Project Number: 09/DPT/001). The authors would like to acknowledge the support of Ege University Nuclear Medicine Department to obtain the 99m Tc radionuclide

Recent developments in cancer therapy and diagnosis

Background: The cancer is serious health problem and leading cause of death in the world. Area covered: There have intensively studied for diagnosis and therapy of this disease and these studies provided important insights into their mechanism of action and therapeutic/diagnostic effects. The accurence rates of cancer has dramatic increase, particularly in the developed countries. Although there are many different strategies about diagnosis and treatment for cancer, more effective new approaches are needed. Expert opinion: In this review, we summarize recent developments on cancer diagnosis, radiopharmaceuticals in cancer diagnosis, nanoparticulate systems in cancer diagnosis, T cells in cancer diagnosis, cancer therapy and pharmacokinetic of anticancer drugs. We thought that while there are some current limitations such as clinical studies, ranging from diagnosis to theraphy, future improvements in cancer diagnosis and treatment will meet the most relevant issues required for the eventual approval of nano-drugs, radiopharmaceuticals, T cells in clinical practice. © 2020, The Korean Society of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology

Radiolabeling and in vitro evaluation of a new 5-fluorouracil derivative with cell culture studies

The clinical impact and accessibility of 99mTc tracers for cancer diagnosis would be greatly enhanced by the availability of a new, simple, and easy labeling process and radiopharmaceuticals. 5-Fluorouracil is an antitumor drug, which has played an important role for the treatment of breast carcinoma. In the present study, a new derivative of 5-Fluorouracil was synthesized as (1-[{1′-(1′′-deoxy-2′′,3′′:4′′,5′′-di-O-isopropylidene-β-D-fructopyranose-1′′-yl)-1′H-1′,2′, 3′-triazol-4′-yl}methyl]-5-fluorouracil) (E) and radiolabeled with 99mTc. It was analyzed by radio thin layer chromatography for quality control and stability. The radiolabeled complex was subjected to in vitro cell-binding studies to determine healthy and cancer cell affinity using HaCaT and MCF-7 cells, respectively. In addition, in vitro cytotoxicity studies of compound E were performed with HaCaT and MCF-5 cells. The radiochemical purity of the [99mTc]TcE was found to be higher than 90% at room temperature up to 6 hours. The radiolabeled complex showed higher specific binding to MCF-7 cells than HaCaT cells. IC50 values of E were found 31.5 ± 3.4 μM and 20.7 ± 2.77 μM for MCF-7 and HaCaT cells, respectively. The results demonstrated the potential of a new radiolabeled E with 99mTc has selective for breast cancer cells. © 2019 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd