Separation of Monoclonal Antibodies by Analytical Size Exclusion Chromatography

Size exclusion chromatography (SEC) is a powerful tool for the separation of biotherapeutics such as monoclonal antibodies (mAb) and others such as antibody drug conjugates (ADCs), biosimilars, and bi-specific mAbs as well as other therapeutic proteins. Detection of purified protein heterogeneity is essential. Heterogenic impurities cause immunogenic response. More than 99% purity is needed for the medicinal purpose. Size exclusion chromatography (SEC) is used to monitor this purity level in the quality control (QC) process of the biopharmaceutical industry. With the increased use of ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC) instruments in QC laboratories today, instead of the conventional HPLC, it is important to have a size exclusion chromatography (SEC) column which is compatible with both UHPLC and conventional HPLC instruments. Orthogonal and complimentary modes such as reversed phase chromatography (RPC), hydrophobic interaction chromatography (HIC), and ion exchange chromatography (IEC) can also be used along with SEC. SEC columns are generally modified with diol groups on the surface to prevent a secondary interaction. Surface and pore characteristics of the SEC columns are critical for the separation. Pore characteristics need to be optimized to have high resolution of mAb monomer from dimer and higher order aggregates as well as from fragments. Shallow calibration curve is necessary for the best resolution. Overall, the separation of monoclonal antibodies from the impurities by analytical size exclusion chromatography column is primarily discussed in this chapter. The evaluation of the different peak parameters such as retention time, peak asymmetry, column efficiency, peak resolution, run time, and loading capacity is also briefly discussed. Finally, the tips and tricks for the best separation and maintaining the column health are also discussed

Konsep Kolaboratif Bimbingan Konseling Berbasis Pendidikan Karakter di Sekolah Menengah Pertama Negri 1 Sidoarjo

Trend teori terbaru yang hangat diperbincangkan adalah pendidikan karakter. Suatu model pendidikan yang mendasarkan pada aspekaspek psikologis, khususnya aspek karakter peserta ddik. Pendidikan karakter secara implementatif sebenarnya sudah lebih awal dikenal dengan pendidikan moral namun demokrasi dan liberalisasi pendidikan menghilangkan nilai moralitas yang dulunya ditanamka

Ancient Light.

M.F.A. Thesis. University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa 2018

COMPETENCES DEVELOPMENT PROCESS RECORDING FOR MULTI-COMPETENCE E-COURSE

Understanding of students’ current level of competencies might be tailored with a finding of the challenging learning approaches to strengthen and enhance their own competencies, and obtain the new ones. Learning paths, which are usually offered by educational organizations to students, as often as not prescribe monotonous acquiring of knowledge. Making a study course more interactive, there are appearing additional features like working in ePortfolio environment which noticeably influence competences level. This paper provides an overview of research results in competences development process recording for multi-competence e-course, assessing competences level of students, both at initial and on-going stages, and analysis of competences interrelation within particular subject domain, e.g. basic business course, as well as an impact of the study themes on different competencies

USER ANALYSIS FOR E-INCLUSION IN A BLENDED LEARNING COURSE DELIVERY CONTEXT

The authors’ purpose was to analyse users of the blended e-learning course “Improvement of ICT skills” in context of e-inclusion and determine indicators for e-inclusion facilitation. We applied a practical use probability model to perform the analysis that identified the following factors: the degree to which the instructor was willing and able to share knowledge; the degree to which the students were interested and had the capacity to learn; and the degree to which the sponsoring organization supported and promoted learning. The study was based on evaluating a group of five hundred vocational teachers who were the learners. Our results indicated that the quality of e-learning materials and environment, instructor's support, student willingness and ability to learn were attributes that could impact learning carry-over and promoted e-inclusion

INTERNET, TELEVISION AND MOBILE TECHNOLOGIES FOR INNOVATIVE ELEARNING

We are developing an innovative cross-media learning delivery system (eBig3, ETM) that goes beyond traditional web-based learning approaches. The approach combines wide availability of television and mobile technologies with the capacity and flexibility of Internet based e-learning. This approach allows the learner to use either a single learning delivery system (depending on availability and preferences) or a complementary combination of two or three delivery systems, thus supporting the anywhere, anytime — by any preference—learning paradigm. The development of the eBig3/ETM learning solutions includes integration of technical aspects of cross-media learning content delivery. Moreover, the approach incorporates pedagogical and usability principles based on an understanding of the target users learning needs and their contexts