Hesperidin Loaded Liposomes for the Treatment of Diabetes and Hypertension

Antimicrobial agents, cancer treatments, diabetes drugs, hypertension drugs, antifungal drugs, peptide hormones, enzymes, vaccines, and genetic materials are just some of the many drugs that Hesperidin loaded Liposomes (HLLs) have been shown to improve the delivery of in recent years. Liposomes can be broken down further into subgroups based on lamellarity, size, charge, and function due to variations in preparation processes and lipid compositions. They can be used for drug delivery via several routes of administration thanks to their adaptable behaviour, which is not dependent on their solubility. Liposomes loaded with hesperidin have the ability to target a chemical to specific tissues, potentially improving the therapeutic efficacy of several drugs. Medications' in vitro and in vivo efficacy can both be boosted by a drug delivery technology called hesperidin-loaded liposomes it can also decrease its toxicity, and increase its efficacy by delivering the molecule in a more regulated fashion. This article discusses analytical methods for managing physical, chemical, and biological characteristics in the production of various drugs, as well as ways for creating hesperidin-loaded liposomes. The main characteristics of the formation and manufacturing processes of liposome nanocarriers are covered in this article, with a focus on the structural characteristics and crucial factors that govern the development of acceptable and stable formulations. We detail the primary benefits (and drawbacks) of each method, as well as their suitability for mass industrial manufacturing

Cytological investigation on interspecific progenies of red fleshed Saccharum robustum

Saccharum robustum is one of the wild species and its chromosome number ranges from 2n =60 to 200. This group of S.robustum clones exhibit red flesh colour, robust growth and tolerance to abiotic stresses. In this study, 27 hybrid progenies developed from two polycrosses ‘involving’ red fleshed S.robustum clones were used as experimental material. The progenies were grouped into six categories based on the flesh colour and the cytological information was correlated. Six cytological groups were observed in the progenies. It was observed that all six progenies of NG 77-76 were of 2n=70 cytotype but among the progenies of NG 77-84, 57.1% were with 2n=70, 23.8% were with 2n=72 and the remaining four types were available in 0.83%. From this it is concluded that more cytotypes can be developed using NG 77-84 as female parent compared to NG 77-76. When the flesh colour was correlated with the diploid chromosome number, a significant negative correlation was observed. It is also inferred that the only one progeny having red flesh colour and 2n=60, might have developed as a result of un-intentional selfing

The Influence Of Maternal Infections On Congenital Heart Defect

ABSTRACT Congenital heart defects (CHDs) contribute significantly to heightened infant mortality rates. This review explores the intricate link between maternal infections and CHDs, emphasizing diverse factors influencing fetal development, such as bacterial, fungal, protozoan and viral agents. These infections pose reproductive health risks, potentially leading to complications like prematurity, stillbirth and heart defect to the fetus. The TORCH acronym (Toxoplasma, Other infections, Rubella, Cytomegalovirus, Herpes simplex) identifies infectious teratogens related to congenital issues, emphasizing vertical transmission through the placenta or ascending from the vagina. Rubella and Cytomegalovirus play a significant role in heart defects, particularly when maternal infections amplify CHD risk during pregnancy. Specific scrutiny is placed on Rubella and Cytomegalovirus for their impact on pregnancy outcomes and potential links to congenital heart defects, with preventive strategies discussed, including vaccination and antiviral therapy. The timing and severity of these infections are pivotal in determining their impact on fetal heart development. Environmental exposures and maternal nutrition are critical factors influencing fetal development. Maternal undernutrition in low- and middle-income countries associates with adverse pregnancy outcomes, including congenital heart defects. Emphasizing the importance of maintaining a nutritious maternal diet, rich in essential nutrients, is crucial for improved fetal health and successful pregnancy outcomes. This review offers insights into preventive measures and underscores the need for continued research to enhance prenatal care strategies

Kerala floods in consecutive years - Its association with mesoscale cloudburst and structural changes in monsoon clouds over the west coast of India

Kerala, located at the southwest tip of India, witnessed disastrous floods during the monsoon seasons of two consecutive years, 2018 and 2019. This paper provides a detailed analysis of these two flood events using data from multiple sources. The unusually unstable and convective nature of the 2019 event, as detectable in its higher cloud tops and evidently fuelled by anomalously warm local sea temperatures, raises concerns regarding the changing patterns of rainfall over the southern parts of the west coast of India. Specifically, our analysis reveals that the flood of 2019 in Kerala satisfies the criteria for a mesoscale cloudburst (MsCB) event, more common in the north but a very rare and never before reported phenomenon in the Kerala region. Rainfall exceeding 50 mm in 2 h has been reported from many places between 8.00 and 22.00 UTC on the August 8, 2019. Satellite-derived rainfall and cloud microphysical parameters further reveal the uniqueness of the 2019 MsCB event. If 2019 is a harbinger of how global warming may continue to affect this region, transformations of the cloud structure and the recurrence and character of intense rainfall events could pose a major threat to the highly vulnerable Western Ghats ecosystems

High-Performance Flexible Piezoelectric Nanogenerator Based on Electrospun PVDF-BaTiO₃ Nanofibers for Self-Powered Vibration Sensing Applications

In the present era of intelligent electronics and Internet of Things (IoT), the demand for flexible and wearable devices is very high. Here, we have developed a high-output flexible piezoelectric nanogenerator (PENG) based on electrospun poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF)-barium titanate (BaTiO3) (ES PVDF-BT) composite nanofibers with an enhanced electroactive phase. On addition of 10 wt % BaTiO3 nanoparticles, the electroactive β-phase of the PVDF is found to be escalated to ∼91% as a result of the synergistic interfacial interaction between the tetragonal BaTiO3 nanoparticles and the ferroelectric host polymer matrix on electrospinning. The fabricated PENG device delivered an open-circuit voltage of ∼50 V and short-circuit current density of ∼0.312 mA m–2. Also, the PVDF-BT nanofiber-based PENG device showed an output power density of ∼4.07 mW m–2, which is 10 times higher than that of a pristine PVDF nanofiber-based PENG device. Furthermore, the developed PENG has been newly demonstrated for self-powered real-time vibration sensing applications such as for mapping of mechanical vibrations from faulty CPU fans, hard disk drives, and electric sewing machines

High-Performance Flexible Piezoelectric Nanogenerator Based on Electrospun PVDF-BaTiO₃ Nanofibers for Self-Powered Vibration Sensing Applications

In the present era of intelligent electronics and Internet of Things (IoT), the demand for flexible and wearable devices is very high. Here, we have developed a high-output flexible piezoelectric nanogenerator (PENG) based on electrospun poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF)-barium titanate (BaTiO3) (ES PVDF-BT) composite nanofibers with an enhanced electroactive phase. On addition of 10 wt % BaTiO3 nanoparticles, the electroactive β-phase of the PVDF is found to be escalated to ∼91% as a result of the synergistic interfacial interaction between the tetragonal BaTiO3 nanoparticles and the ferroelectric host polymer matrix on electrospinning. The fabricated PENG device delivered an open-circuit voltage of ∼50 V and short-circuit current density of ∼0.312 mA m–2. Also, the PVDF-BT nanofiber-based PENG device showed an output power density of ∼4.07 mW m–2, which is 10 times higher than that of a pristine PVDF nanofiber-based PENG device. Furthermore, the developed PENG has been newly demonstrated for self-powered real-time vibration sensing applications such as for mapping of mechanical vibrations from faulty CPU fans, hard disk drives, and electric sewing machines

High-Performance Flexible Piezoelectric Nanogenerator Based on Electrospun PVDF-BaTiO₃ Nanofibers for Self-Powered Vibration Sensing Applications

In the present era of intelligent electronics and Internet of Things (IoT), the demand for flexible and wearable devices is very high. Here, we have developed a high-output flexible piezoelectric nanogenerator (PENG) based on electrospun poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF)-barium titanate (BaTiO3) (ES PVDF-BT) composite nanofibers with an enhanced electroactive phase. On addition of 10 wt % BaTiO3 nanoparticles, the electroactive β-phase of the PVDF is found to be escalated to ∼91% as a result of the synergistic interfacial interaction between the tetragonal BaTiO3 nanoparticles and the ferroelectric host polymer matrix on electrospinning. The fabricated PENG device delivered an open-circuit voltage of ∼50 V and short-circuit current density of ∼0.312 mA m–2. Also, the PVDF-BT nanofiber-based PENG device showed an output power density of ∼4.07 mW m–2, which is 10 times higher than that of a pristine PVDF nanofiber-based PENG device. Furthermore, the developed PENG has been newly demonstrated for self-powered real-time vibration sensing applications such as for mapping of mechanical vibrations from faulty CPU fans, hard disk drives, and electric sewing machines