Health Benefits, Chemistry and Mechanism of Carica Papaya a Crowning Glory

AbstractMini review article highlights about the health benefits, chemistry and mechanism of papaya. Fruit and vegetables cannot be equated to that promised by nutritional pills and supplements. Nutrition experts advocate generous intake of fruits for optimum health as these food items are loaded with all the benefits. Especially papaya fruits is goldmine of vitamins C, E, K, minerals and fiber and ideal to consume at least 4-5 servings in a day. Since they are in natural form, account for largest part of water and 100% bad cholesterol free, it’s much easier for the body to process and absorb the vitamins and minerals from the fresh fruit. The chemical action of acyltransferase is studied which is extracted from ripened papaya fruit and then benzyl alcohol is acylated to give benzylacetate

Knowledge Managements Effect on Learning Quality in Bahrains Private Universities

This study examines the impact of knowledge application, management, and sharing on learning outcomes in private Bahraini universities. Through an online survey of 220 professionals from 13 universities, the study found that knowledge management had the strongest correlation with learning outcome quality. The results support the initial hypothesis and demonstrate the importance of knowledge management for improving performance and promoting organizational innovation in higher education institutions. Knowledge Management (KM) was the most correlated with the learning outcome quality at the 0.01 level. However, all the studys variables had some kind of impact on the quality of learning outcomes variable. The researcher’s initial hypothesis was well-supported with a f2 = 0.94, and the other hypotheses were also supported. The findings showed that there is a strong association between knowledge management and learning outcome quality in Bahraini private universities. The study also revealed that KM substantially affects the learning outcome quality in scholarly settings. This study is important not only for advancing knowledge in this area, but it is also significant from a managerial perspective, as it provides higher education institutions (HEIs) with a better understanding of how to promote organizational innovation and, ultimately, improve performance through engagement in KM activities

Chemical Removal of Total Phosphorus from Wastewater to Low Levels and Its Analysis

Numerous studies have been conducted on the removal of inorganic phosphorus (P) from wastewater, but a push towards lower effluent targets necessitates the additional removal of organic phosphorus as well. This study tested the ability of manganese oxide nanoparticles and iron oxide as potential catalysts for conversion of organic P into more readily removable inorganic forms, as well as the role of iron(III) chloride as coagulant to subsequently allow P to be removed by solids/liquid separation. Removals of 99-101% were obtained for model compounds at pH 5-7, 0.05-0.5 M H2O2, and Fe:P molar ratio of 5:1. Presence of H2O2 was found necessary to remove phosphonates in particular, increasing removal from 17 to 101%. Tests in real wastewaters containing organic P also showed higher removal with peroxide addition. Due to interference from H2O2, the standard method for P analysis in wastewater, colorimetry, could not be used as the primary analytical tool. An accurate and sensitive protocol using Inductively Coupled Plasma-Optical Emission Spectroscopy (ICP-OES) capable of low-level P detection was developed instead and compared to colorimetry using model organic P compounds and real wastewater samples. Detection limits for colorimetry and ICP-OES were 0.002 and 0.09 mg P/L respectively. ICP-OES gave analytical recoveries closest to 100% for model organic P compounds, but both methods gave highly variable data at concentrations below 0.15 mg P/L. ICP-OES seems promising for TP measurements given its high recoveries for model compounds, but more work is needed to improve its detection limit and sensitivity

Saudi Arabia’s Reputation From The Point Of View Of The American People In The United States Compared To That Of The Islamic Republic Of Iran And Turkey

Background: The reputation of a country has a significant influence on competitiveness, public diplomacy, international perception, and international relations. The aim of this research was to investigate Saudi Arabia\u27s reputation from the point of view of the American people in The United States, compared with American perception of the Islamic Republic of Iran and Turkey. Method: A sample of 378 participants completed the 33-item questionnaire using a 7-point Likert scale. Descriptive and inferential statistics utilizing SPSS Version 26 were used to analyze the data. Results: Repeated measures ANOVA and paired t-tests revealed significant differences in the perception of Saudi Arabia and Turkey, as compared to Iran. The F test suggested the difference between means of the three groups of ratings was significant (F (1,370) = 399.885, p=.000). Post-hoc paired t-tests revealed a similar pattern. Results found that, Saudi Arabia is the most well- known among Americans, with only 9.7% showing a lack of knowledge of the country, while 90.3% indicating that they have a certain position regarding the nation. Subsequently, Turkey follows with 84.9% popularity level, and Iran being the least popular, with 83.08% having definite responses regarding the country. Americans’ overall view of other nations is determined by political leadership, more than culture and military power. Comparing cultural, political leadership and military factors across Saudi Arabia, the ANOVA and paired t-tests supported these findings. Most negative information regarding the three countries reaches Americans through multiple sources of media, more so from electronic media followed by social media). The F-ratio was statistically significant (F (1, 368) = 787.284, p=.000) for electronic media. Compared to the other two countries, Saudi Arabia has the highest level of positive perception in the eyes of the Americans.). The F-ratio was significant (F (1, 370) = 361.673, p=.000). The post-hoc paired samples t-test indicated t-values were significant for Iran and Turkey and Iran and Saudi Arabia. Conclusion: This study provides information about the American people\u27s perceptions and how they differ among countries. The findings may serve as a guide for foreign policy

Transport of Pesticides through Soil Columns from Al-Ain Area, United Arab Emirates

Proper management of pesticides application in the UAE is greatly lacking, causing waste of resources and environmental concerns due to the excessive use of these chemicals. It has been reported that the rate of pesticides use in UAE reaches about 10 kg/hectare/yr, posing a potential threat to the quality of water in underlying aquifers. Little, however, is known about the mobility of applied pesticides in the UAE subsurface environment and the impact of these pesticides on soil and groundwater quality. The aim of this study was to gain an understanding of the fate and mobility of pesticides in the UAE subsurface environment. This study focused on the role of mechanisms like advection, dispersion, degradation, and sorption that affect pesticides transport in the soil. The study was conducted in the laboratory using soil packed columns. Batch experiments were also conducted to assess the impact of some of the above mechanisms. In this study, three pesticides that are commonly used in UAE were employed (i.e. dimethoate, metalaxyl and cymoxanil). Two sandy soils from Al Foah and Abu Samra areas in AI Ain district, Abu Dhabi Emirate were collected and utilized in the study. Both soils are alkaline with similar texture but have different organic matter content that ranges between 0.2% to 0.8%. Results showed that the pesticides are subject to various extent of degradation with cymoxanil undergoes the highest rate especially at high pH values. The study revealed that there was no influence of light and indigenous microorganisms on the degradation of the used pesticides within an experimental time of 3 days. Pesticides sorption to soil is increased by the increased soil organic matter content with dimethoate and metalaxyl are being more readily sorbed on soil with high organic matter compared to sorption on soil with lower organic matter. Pesticides sorption is also affected by the compound hydrophobicity with metalaxyl being more sorbed than dimethoate on a given soil. Both dimethoate and metalaxyl sorb linearly on soil with low organic matter, while metalaxyl undergoes nonlinear sorption on the soil with high organic matter. Cymoxanil sorption to both soils was not evaluated due to the loss of the chemical from solution by hydrolysis. Generated breakthrough curves (BTCs) for the ideal tracer (bromide) and the employed pesticides were analysed using the nonlinear least-squares model (CXTFIT2.0). BTCs obtained for bromide were used to describe the dispersive behaviour of the two soils. It was found that the dispersivity of Abu Samra soil is 0.12 cm while that of Al Foah 0.34 cm. Generated BTCs for the used pesticides were analyzed by moment analysis to determine the retardation coefficient (R) and the first-order degradation rate constant (λ). Simulation of BTCs using the determined coefficients showed that the equilibrium model adequately described transport of dimethoate in Abu Samra soil, but failed to describe breakthrough data for metalaxyl. A good description of the BTC for metalaxyl we obtained when the two-site sorption nonequilibrium model was used. The mass-transfer rate coefficient for metalaxyl can be predicted using empirical relationships reported in the literature. Comparison between transport parameters determined by moment analysis and those determined by curve fitting showed that the use of moment analysis is sufficient to obtain R and λ. It was also observed that the values of the sorption distribution coefficient (Kd) determined from the column studies were 2-10 times higher than their counterparts obtained from batch experiments. This study also revealed that there appears to be an enhanced degradation of the pesticides in a soil environment as compared to their hydrolysis in the aqueous solution

The Role of Palestinian Association of Certified Public Accountants in Promoting the Palestinian Audit Profession

This descriptive study aims at evaluating  the role of PACP in promoting the Palestinian audit profession. The level of achieving its designed objectives  springs off  its vision .A  questionnaire was distributed to a sample representing 56.5%  PACPA   active members. The data analyzed reflected the remarkable achievements to the objectives of PACPA viz:-developing members capabilities with 89% level, continuous education to members with 75%,adherence to the code of conduct with 71.5%,protection of members interests with 68.6%,and compliance with the international accounting and auditing standards with 59.5% completion level. The level of overall achievement to these objectives was 72.48% level. Hypotheses testing reveals the unanimous agreements between members over the achieved levels of  the said objectives. Many obstacles the PACPA still encounters headed by the professional independence impairments ,and inadequate compliance with international  accounting  and auditing standards .The researcher recommends serous steps to curb them in order to grant reliable audit profession capable of attracting foreign investments to inflow and upgrade the national economy. Keywords: Audit Profession, Board of Auditing (BOPA),International Auditing Standards, Low  Audit fees, Part-time auditing