Additional file 4: of High-throughput sequencing of 16S rRNA Gene Reveals Substantial Bacterial Diversity on the Municipal Dumpsite

Tables showing significantly different bacteria at genus level between different types of wastes solid. (DOCX 55 kb

Compulsory citizenship education in England: Problems and Prospects

O. unilateralis s.l. genes uniquely up- or down regulated during manipulated biting behavior. Tables displaying all O. unilateralis s.l. genes, including their expression levels and annotation that were found to be up-regulated during manipulated biting behavior followed by being down-regulated again after the biting event had taken place (sheet 2), and that were found to be down-regulated during manipulated biting behavior followed by being up-regulated again after the biting event had taken place (sheet 3). (XLSX 232 kb

The influence of adolescent nicotine exposure on ethanol intake and brain gene expression

<div><p>Nicotine and alcohol are often co-abused. Adolescence is a vulnerable period for the initiation of both nicotine and alcohol use, which can lead to subsequent neurodevelopmental and behavioral alterations. It is possible that during this vulnerable period, use of one drug leads to neurobiological alterations that affect subsequent consumption of the other drug. The aim of the present study was to determine the effect of nicotine exposure during adolescence on ethanol intake, and the effect of these substances on brain gene expression. Forty-three adolescent female C57BL/6J mice were assigned to four groups. In the first phase of the experiment, adolescent mice (PND 36–41 days) were exposed to three bottles filled with water or nicotine (200 μg/ml) for 22 h a day and a single bottle of water 2 h a day for six days. In the second phase (PND 42–45 days), the 4-day Drinking-in-the-Dark paradigm consisting of access to 20% v/v ethanol or water for 2h or 4h (the last day) was overlaid during the time when the mice did not have nicotine available. Ethanol consumption (g/kg) and blood ethanol concentrations (BEC, mg %) were measured on the final day and whole brains including the cerebellum, were dissected for RNA sequencing. Differentially expressed genes (DEG) were detected with CuffDiff and gene networks were built using WGCNA. Prior nicotine exposure increased ethanol consumption and resulting BEC. Significant DEG and biological pathways found in the group exposed to both nicotine and ethanol included genes important in stress-related neuropeptide signaling, hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis activity, glutamate release, GABA signaling, and dopamine release. These results replicate our earlier findings that nicotine exposure during adolescence increases ethanol consumption and extends this work by examining gene expression differences which could mediate these behavioral effects.</p></div

Additional file 11: of Gene expression during zombie ant biting behavior reflects the complexity underlying fungal parasitic behavioral manipulation

Enrichment analysis on differentially expressed C. castaneus genes. Tables summarizing the overrepresentation of annotation terms for C. castaneus genes found to be up- and down-regulated when healthy ants are compared at two different times of day; 10 AM and 2 PM (Tables S1 and S2), during manipulated biting behavior in comparison to healthy ant controls (Tables S3 and S4), after manipulated biting behavior in comparison to healthy ant controls (Tables S5 and S6), during manipulated biting behavior versus death after manipulated biting behavior (Tables S7 and S8), and genes that are uniquely up- or down-regulated during manipulated biting behavior (Tables S9 and S10). (PDF 554 kb

Nicotine consumption increased after the first day but remained similar between groups.

<p>Data shows 22 h nicotine consumption (mg/kg) for NW and NE mice on days 1 to 10. * represents significantly (p< 0.05) different than day 1.</p

Additional file 10: of Gene expression during zombie ant biting behavior reflects the complexity underlying fungal parasitic behavioral manipulation

Differentially expressed C. castaneus genes. Tables displaying all C. castaneus genes, including their expression levels and annotation, that were found to be differentially expressed in healthy ant heads at 2 different time points during the day; 10:00 h and 14:00 h (sheets 2 and 3), during manipulated biting behavior in comparison to healthy ant heads at 10:00 h (sheets 4 and 5), after manipulated biting behavior in comparison to healthy ant heads at 14:00 h (sheets 6 and 7), and during manipulated biting behavior versus death after manipulated biting behavior (sheets 8 and 9). (XLSX 339 kb

Transposable element distribution, abundance and role in genome size variation in the genus -6

<p><b>Copyright information:</b></p><p>Taken from "Transposable element distribution, abundance and role in genome size variation in the genus "</p><p>http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2148/7/152</p><p>BMC Evolutionary Biology 2007;7():152-152.</p><p>Published online 29 Aug 2007</p><p>PMCID:PMC2041954.</p><p></p>(2006) [9] and normalized to 1 Mbp. The confidence intervals, displayed as error bars, were calculated assuming a Poisson distribution of repeats in the genome. The mean length used in calculation for different repeats were as follows: Ty3-elements: 12 Kbp; Ty1-elements: 5.5 Kbp; others LTR-RTs not classified (LTR-retrotransposons): 8.75 Kbp; LINEs: 3.5 kbp; helitrons (complete autonomous): 12.8 Kbp; CACTA: 15.2 Kbp; hAT: 3.6 Kbp *In this case all the calculations are based on a rough estimate of the genome size of this species: the real value is unknown, we therefore used the value estimated for [HHJJ; 1283 Mbp], which is also an allotetraploid species and shares the HH genome type with

IPA enrichment of Blue module network shows the relationships of genes involved in neuroinflammation, dopamine receptor signaling, and corticotrophin hormone release pathways.

<p>This figure highlights genes (pink bold nodes) enriched for neuroinflammation signaling pathway (<i>Bdnf</i>, <i>Gabra1</i>, <i>Gabra2</i>, <i>Tgfb1</i> and <i>Tgfbr1</i>), dopamine receptor signaling (<i>Drd2</i> and <i>Th</i>), and corticotrophin releasing hormone pathway (<i>Bdnf</i> and <i>Campk4</i>). This figure shows as main nodes the <i>Bdnf</i> and <i>Adcyap1</i> (PACAP) genes involved in neurogenesis and mediators of neuroendocrine stress responses, respectively. Indirect relationships of <i>Bdfn</i> are indicated for <i>Campk4</i>, <i>Th</i> and <i>Drd2</i>. <i>Adcyap1</i> shows indirect association with <i>Gabra1</i> on <i>Gabra2</i> genes. Direct (bold arrow) and indirect (dashed arrow) relationships are displayed. IPA functional categories are shown in node key.</p

Transposable element distribution, abundance and role in genome size variation in the genus -2

<p><b>Copyright information:</b></p><p>Taken from "Transposable element distribution, abundance and role in genome size variation in the genus "</p><p>http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2148/7/152</p><p>BMC Evolutionary Biology 2007;7():152-152.</p><p>Published online 29 Aug 2007</p><p>PMCID:PMC2041954.</p><p></p>netic tree using the neighbor-joining method. Bootstrap values were calculated for 1000 replicates; only those with values greater than 50 are proposed B) distribution of the domains isolated in different species. Bar colors are the same of those used in the circles marking, on the neighbor-joining tree sequences from different species

Cattadori et al. parasites and nutrition on gut microbiota raw files

This zip folder has all the original microbiome, immunity and parasite data used in this study. A readMe file is also included that explain each file. Please, contact Isabella Cattadori if additional details are needed