Host range and control strategies of Phytophthora palmivora in Southeast Asia perennial crops

Phytophthora palmivora is a destructive plant pathogenic oomycete that has caused lethal diseases in a wide range of hosts. It is a pan-tropical distributed pathogen that can infect plants at all growth stages. Extensive studies have linked P. palmivora to severe diseases in several crops, such as black pepper, rubber, cocoa, and durian, causing global economic losses. This review covers the following topics in depth: (i) P. palmivora as phytopathogen; (ii) identification and infection mechanism in rubber, cocoa, and durian; and (iii) management and control applied for P. palmivora diseases. Effective management strategies were studied and practiced to prevent the spread of P. palmivora disease. Genetic resistance and biocontrol are the best methods to control the disease. A better understanding of P. palmivora infection mechanisms in our main crops and early disease detection can reduce the risk of catastrophic pandemics

Pemberdayaan Masyarakat Melalui Literasi Baca dan Digital Berbasis Perpustakaan Online Di Kampung Klabili Distrik Selemkai

Kabupaten Tambrauw secara geografis memiliki wilayah yang begitu besar yang sangat memungkinkan daerah tersebut memiliki sumber daya alam yang melimpah, namun dengan tingginya sumber daya alam tidak di dukung dengan pembangunan sumber daya manusia di daerah tersebut. Tujuan dari pelaksanaan kegiatan ini mencakup 2 hal yaitu (1) Untuk menjelaskan sejauh mana peningkatan pengetahuan masyarakat dalam implementasi Literasi Baca, (2) Untuk menggambarkan tingkat keterampilan masyarakat dalam menggunakan literasi digital sebagai media informasi. Metode yang diterapkan dalam program ini mencakup beberapa tahapan yakni: tahap 1 pembinaan dan Pendampingan, salah satunya dengan memberikan modul baca dan mendata buku-buku baca online yang akan digunakan serta mendampingi proses belajar warga. Selanjutnya tahap 2 pelestarian yakni dengan memberikan kepada warga belajar kalimat-kalimat yang lebih komplek, Sedangkan untuk pembelajaran literasi digital diberikan pengkajian informasi yang berkaitan dengan fakta atau kabar yang diterima hoaks. kemudian pada tahap ini juga masyarakat diminta untuk belajar mengakses perpustakaan online. Adapun responden dalam penelitian ini masyarakat kampung Klabili. Hasil pelaksanaan kegiatan menunjukkan bahwa warga cukup tertarik mengikuti pembelajaran yang diberikan, dikarenakan materi yang diajarkan adalah sesuai dengan kebutuhan yang mereka inginkan. Berdasarkan perihal tersebut terdapat Peningkatan pengetahuan pada warga belajar dengan rata rata presentase keberhasilan kegiatan sebesar 71 persen. Kemudian pada capaian literasi digital menunjukkan hasil yang cukup baik pula dengan persentase sebesar 69 persen. Hal ini menjelaskan bahwa implementasi pembelajaran yang diberikan mampu berkontribusi dalam mendorong pengetahuan warga, disatu sisi mereka juga terbantu dengan program-program yang diberikan pada saat kegiatan berlangsung.Â

Optimasi Hyperparameter dari CNN Classifier untuk Klasifikasi Genre Musik

Playing music through a digital platform that has a large database of songs requires automated classification of music genres, highlighting the need to develop a model for music genre classification that is more efficient and accurate. This study evaluated the hyperparameters in the music genre classification process using the CNN on the GTZAN dataset with 30-second duration data optimized using the MFCC feature extraction. The model that is formed with a time of 3 (three) seconds classifies music genres in the first 3 seconds of music. This model has a high potential for error because the first 3 seconds of initial music is varied and cannot be used as a benchmark in determining music genres. This study performed hyperparameters on batch size, epoch, and split dataset variables with various scenarios. The highest accuracy result was obtained at 72% with a data split of 85%:15%, 32 batch size,s and 500 epochsMemutar musik melalui platform digital yang memiliki database lagu yang besar membutuhkan klasifikasi genre musik yang berjalan secara otomatis, sehingga penelitian mengenai klasifikasi genre musik menjadi penting dan dicari metode yang lebih efisien dan akurat. Studi ini mengevaluasi hyperparameter dalam proses klasifikasi genre musik menggunakan Convolution Neural Network pada dataset GTZAN dengan data durasi 30 detik yang dioptimalkan menggunakan ekstraksi fitur MFCC. Model yang dibentuk dengan waktu 3 (tiga) detik ini akan mengklasifikasikan genre musik pada 3 detik pertama musik yang memiliki potensi error yang tinggi karena musik awal terutama 3 detik sangat variatif dan tidak dapat digunakan sebagai patokan dalam menentukan genre musik. Evaluasi ini melakukan hyperparameter pada variabel batch size, epoch dan split dataset dengan berbagai skenario. Hasil akurasi tertinggi diperoleh sebesar 72% dengan data split 85%-15%, ukuran batch 32 dan 500 epoc

Operation And Maintenance In Facilities Management Practices: A Gap Analysis In Malaysia

Facilities management in Malaysia has started as early as 1990s during the development of mega projects such as Putrajaya in 1999 [8, 9]. During this period, Malaysia was introduced to an integrated property management and maintenance services known as facilities management. However, its implementation according to the standard practice is still being disputed. The purpose of facilities management standard practices is to provide the facility management profession with a leading reference on facilities management activities and standards. Therefore, the determination of how far the gap in FM current practice is essential to help our FM industry. Thus, the aim of this study is to establish the gap between the current practices and the standard practices and also how far the gap should be satisfied. A set of questionnaire was designed upon literature and previous research done to gather the required information. The study is subjected to FM organizations in private sectors and only the personnel at management level are assessed. There were certified that most of the practices that assessed by means of gap analysis had an acceptable result which the gap between the current practices and the standard practices are not too far

De novo transcriptome dataset of gene expression in Durio zibethinus during the infection of Phytophthora palmivora

Phytophthora palmivora is a notorious oomycete that causes fatal diseases in tropical perennial crops. Over time, extensive literatures have been published on the destructive diseases caused by P. palmivora in Durio zibethinus (durian). The sequencing and analyzing of virulence-related genes that are involved during the infection of P. palmivora in durian will give a comprehensive understanding about the gene expression and infection mechanism. Healthy durian leave samples were inoculated with P. palmivora zoospores and harvested at 3 days-post-inoculation. The process involved transcriptome sequencing using Illumina RNA-seq technology and de novo assembly of the transcripts. The transcriptomic analysis managed to annotate 75,945 unigenes and 95,158 unigenes for control and infected sample respectively. The total length, N50 and GC content of Unigenes for control sample are 52,649,717, 1087 and 41.91% while for infected samples are 58,582,609, 911 and 43.24% respectively. 9 necrosis-inducing-Phytophthora-protein 1 (NPP1) genes, 17 elicitins and 45 RxLR proteins are the virulence-related genes acquired through data mining. This transcriptome data will be used to create novel control strategies for P. palmivora diseases in durian using molecular technology, resulting in increased durian production in durian-producing countries. The potential new control measures can also be a great benefit for farmers to minimize their exposure to hazardous fungicides

Operation And Maintenance In Facilities Management Practices: A Gap Analysis In Malaysia

Facilities management in Malaysia has started as early as 1990s during the development of mega projects such as Putrajaya in 1999 [8, 9]. During this period, Malaysia was introduced to an integrated property management and maintenance services known as facilities management. However, its implementation according to the standard practice is still being disputed. The purpose of facilities management standard practices is to provide the facility management profession with a leading reference on facilities management activities and standards. Therefore, the determination of how far the gap in FM current practice is essential to help our FM industry. Thus, the aim of this study is to establish the gap between the current practices and the standard practices and also how far the gap should be satisfied. A set of questionnaire was designed upon literature and previous research done to gather the required information. The study is subjected to FM organizations in private sectors and only the personnel at management level are assessed. There were certified that most of the practices that assessed by means of gap analysis had an acceptable result which the gap between the current practices and the standard practices are not too far

Insecticide resistance in dengue vectors from hotspots in Selangor, Malaysia.

BackgroundIn Malaysia, dengue remains a top priority disease and usage of insecticides is the main method for dengue vector control. Limited baseline insecticide resistance data in dengue hotspots has prompted us to conduct this study. The present study reports the use of a map on the insecticide susceptibility status of Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus to provide a quick visualization and overview of the distribution of insecticide resistance.Method and resultsThe insecticide resistance status of Aedes populations collected from 24 dengue hotspot areas from the period of December 2018 until June 2019 was proactively monitored using the World Health Organization standard protocol for adult and larval susceptibility testing was conducted, together with elucidation of the mechanisms involved in observed resistance. For resistance monitoring, susceptibility to three adulticides (permethrin, deltamethrin, and malathion) was tested, as well as susceptibility to the larvicide, temephos. Data showed significant resistance to both deltamethrin and permethrin (pyrethroid insecticides), and to malathion (organophosphate insecticide) in all sampled Aedes aegypti populations, while variable resistance patterns were found in the sampled Aedes albopictus populations. Temephos resistance was observed when larvae were tested using the diagnostic dosage of 0.012mg/L but not at the operational dosage of 1mg/L for both species.ConclusionThe present study highlights evidence of a potential threat to the effectiveness of insecticides currently used in dengue vector control, and the urgent requirement for insecticide resistance management to be integrated into the National Dengue Control Program