Evaluasi Kecernaan Nutrient Pelepah Sawit yang Difermentasi dengan Berbagai Sumber Mikroorganisme sebagai Bahan Pakan Ternak Ruminansia

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi kecernaan nutrient pelepah sawit yang optimal hasil fermentasi dari berbagai sumber mikroorganisme, baik yang berbahan lokal maupun komersial, sebagai bahan pakan ternak ruminansia secara in-vitro. Rancangan yang digunakan adalah rancangan acak lengkap dengan 6 perlakuan dan 3 ulangan untuk masing-masing perlakuan. Perlakuan yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah A: kontrol, B: fermentasi pelepah sawit dengan mikroorganisme lokal dari isi rumen, C: fermentasi pelepah sawit dengan mikroorganisme lokal dari sumber feses sapi, D: fermentasi pelepah sawit dengan mikroorganisme lokal dari sumber urin sapi, E: fermentasi pelepah sawit dengan EM4, dan F: fermentasi pelepah sawit dengan ragi tempe. Pelepah sawit difermentasi selama 7 hari. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan perlakuan fermentasi menunjukkan pengaruh nyata pada kecernaan bahan kering, bahan organik, serat kasar, dan protein kasar. Kecernaan bahan kering yang optimal 46.39%, bahan organik yang 27.55%, serat kasar 32.12%, dan protein kasar 23.22%, hasil fermentasi pelepah sawit dengan mikroorganisme lokal sumber feses sap

Oviposition Preference of Aedes Aegypti Against Various Leaf Extract as an Atractant

Aedes aegypti merupakan vektor pembawa virus Dengue yang menyebabkan penyakit Demam Berdarah Dengue (DBD).Pengendalian secara alami menggunakan bahan nabati merupakan alternatif pengendalian yang ramah lingkungan. Salahsatu pengendalian secara alami adalah memodifikasi ovitrap dengan penambahan zat aktif nabati sebagai atraktan untukmenarik nyamuk bertelur dan dapat menjadi ovisida dan larvasida. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengetahui preferensibertelurnya nyamuk Ae. aegypti pada ovitrap dengan ekstrak daun mimba (Azadirachta indica), kecubung (Datura metel),zodia (Evodia suavolens) dan jenu (Derris elliptica). Jenis penelitian eksperimen dengan rancangan acak lengkap. Keempatjenis ekstrak daun tersebut diisiikan pada ovitrap, dimasukan ke dalam kandang yang berisi 30 ekor Ae. aegypti dengankondisi Kenyang darah. Pengamatan dilakukan setiap hari sampai hari ke-3. Hasil uji preferensi berbagai jenis ekstrak inimenunjukkan ovitrap yang berisi ekstrak daun jenu (D. elliptica) lebih banyak ditemukan telur Ae. aegypti dibandingkandengan kontrol maupun ovitrap dengan ekstrak daun lainnya. Persentase telur pada kontainer dengan ekstrak jenu adalah44,2%, sedangkan yang terkecil ekstrak zodia (E. suaveolans) 9,2%. Hasil uji Anova menunjukkan bahwa perlakuan antarkelompok berbeda nyata (p=0,000). Tanaman jenu (D. elliptica) mempunyai potensi sebagai atraktan terhadap nyamuk Ae.aegypti dalam proses oviposisi

Genetic differentiation among populations of the threatened Bellevalia webbiana (Asparagaceae) and its consequence on conservation

The narrow central Italian endemic and threatened Webb’s hyacinth (Bellevalia webbiana), a perennial herb, is a clear example of a species that has disappeared from several localities due to the development of human settlements. We characterized population genetics of this species to infer possible threats to its viability. We used a dominant DNA fingerprinting approach to infer genetic relationships among the five richest populations known for this species (each with N > 50 individuals). We highlighted phenomena of genetic erosion, with values of intrapopulation-gene-diversity quite similar across all populations (mean value 0.113), but a mean F st value only slightly below the mean found in other plant species using similar approaches. Despite an overall genetic similarity among populations, a population from Faenza (Emilia-Romagna) is clearly separated from all the others on genetic grounds, and may be defined as an Evolutionarily Significant Unit, worth of special conservation attention. Interestingly, this latter population is also behaving differently from all the others in terms of both vegetative and reproductive functional strategies. Our results highlight the relevance of evolutionary approaches to conservation biology for preserving a genetic diversity linked to local adaptations

Genetic diversity in the threatened Bellevalia webbiana (Asparagaceae) parallels functional and reproductive traits

Amongst the numerous Italian narrow endemic plants, the Webb’s hyacinth (Bellevalia webbiana Parl., Asparagaceae) is one of the most evolutionarily relevant, and threatened. The range of this bulbous perennial herb is restricted to an area of pre-Apennines (100–700 m a.s.l.) in Tuscany, and Emilia-Romagna (Central Italy), with two disjunct population groups. Typical habitats for Webb’s hyacinth are open fields, and meadows, wood margins, olive groves, and vineyards. During the last century, Webb’s hyacinth disappeared from several historical localities due to the development of human settlements. For these reasons, this species is currently listed in The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species as Endangered (EN A2c). Despite contributions providing important information on the species’ reproductive and functional traits, no population genetic information was available so far. In this study, a DNA fingerprinting approach was applied to study the five richest populations of this species (each with N > 50 individuals): three in Tuscany (Pratolino, Uccellatoio, Tavarnuzze), and two in Emilia-Romagna (Casola Valsenio and Faenza)

Determination of Energy and Protein Requirements of Sheep in Indonesia Using a Meta-analytical Approach

The objective of this study was to determine energy and protein requirements, for both maintenance and gain, of sheep in Indonesia by using a meta-analysis method. A database was developed from various in vivo experiments involving sheep as the experimental animals in which energy intake, protein intake and average daily weight gain (ADG) were reported. A total of 38 articles consisting of 137 data points were integrated into the database. Different breeds (Priangan, fat-tailed and local) and sexes (male and female) were specified in the database. Maintenance and gain requirements of dry matter, energy and protein were determined by regressing ADG with dry matter intake (DMI), total digestible nutrient intake (TDNI) and crude protein intake (CPI), respectively. An intercept (where ADG= 0 g/kg MBW/d) and a slope (required nutrient intake per unit ADG) were taken as maintenance and gain requirements, respectively. Results revealed that all sheep breeds had similar energy requirement for maintenance (TDNm). Energy requirement for gain (TDNg) of Priangan breed was lower than other breeds; the breed required 0.860 g TDN for 1 g ADG. Fat-tailed and local breeds required 1.22 and 2.75 g TDN for 1 g ADG, respectively. All breeds also revealed relatively similar protein requirement for maintenance (CPm), i.e. 6.27-6.47 g/kg MBW/d. Priangan breed required less CP for 1 g ADG (CPg), i.e. 0.295 g. Requirements of CPg for fat-tailed and local breeds were 0.336 and 0.497 g/g ADG, respectively. It was concluded that each sheep breed in Indonesia had specific TDN and CP requirements for gain, but similar requirements for maintenance

Pengaruh Pola Asuh Orang Tua Terhadap Moral Anak Usia 5-6 Tahun

The purpose of this study was to describe patterns of parenting, moral development of children, and relationships parenting parents with moral development of children aged 5-6 years in kindergarten Aisyiyah Bustanul Atfhal 3 Southeast Pontianak. The method used in this research using descriptive method. The approach in this study is described in a quantitative and descriptive. The sample in this study is 30 biological parents and 15 children. Technical analysis of the data used in this research is descriptive analysis by the method of product moment. The results showed rxy> rtabel (0.589> 0.514), which means in this study Ha (alternative hypothesis) is accepted and Ho (the null hypothesis) is rejected. In conclusion there is a significant relationship between parenting parents with moral development of children aged 5-6 years. Parents are expected bias maintaining existing parenting and determine appropriate parenting and in accordance with the needs of the child so that the child\u27s development can thrive especially moral development of children

Pemilihan Alternatif Pengelolaan Sampah Dengan Metode Anp Dan Bocr Di Dinas Kebersihan Propinsi DKI Jakarta

Sampah merupakan produk samping dari aktivitas kehidupan masyarakat. Sampah ini akan menjadi bencana bagi kehidupan manusia dan lingkungan apabila tidak dikelola dengan baik. Dinas Kebersihan Propinsi DKI Jakarta saat ini menghadapi permasalahan yang timbul akibat dampak pengelolaan sampah menggunakan teknologi Sanitary Landfill yang dirasa gagal di TPA Bantargebang yang berakibat pada pencemaran lingkungan dan bencana yang memakan korban. Dengan akan habisnya masa kontrak pembuangan sampah di TPA Bantargebang Bekasi, Dinas Kebersihan Propinsi DKI Jakarta perlu mengambil langkah dan upaya untuk menangani masalah yang dihadapi. Beberapa alternatif solusi akan dipertimbangkan yaitu lokasi baru, penerapan teknologi baru dan perbaikan/ penataan lokasi yang sudah ada. Dalam memilih alternatif ini, banyak kriteria yang harus dipertimbangkan dari aspek manfaat, peluang, biaya dan resiko yang terjadi. Oleh karena itu dalam pemilihan alternatifpengelolaan sampah ini digunakan alat analisis Analityc Network Process (ANP) dan Benefit Opportunities Cost Risk (BOCR). Tujuannya adalah untuk mendapatkan peringkat prioritas dari alternatif sebagai acuan dalam pengambilan keputusan. Tahap awal yaitu melakukan wawancara dengan pihak pengambil keputusan atau seorang ahli mengenai Solid Waste. Adapun alternatif akan dipilih berdasarkan masalah utama yang timbul sebagai acuan untuk kriteria, subkriteria serta keterkaitannya. Untuk mendapatkan bobot dari setiap elemen ANP digunakan kuisioner perbandingan berpasangan yang diambil dari preferensi para pakar dan kemudian diolah dengan Software Super Decision. Analisis BOCR menyajikan 3 kondisi dalam memilih prioritas alternatif yaitu Standard (BIC), Pessimistic BI(CxR), Realistic (BxO)1(CxR). Apabila pengambil keputusan berfokus pada Realistic prioritas pertama adalah AlternatifLokasi Baru (1.5882). Kata kunci : pengelolaan sampah, Analitic network process, benefit, Opportunity, Cost, Risk Garbage, side product from activity life of society, will become disaster for human life and environment if do not be managed appropriately. In this time Dinas Kebersihan DKI Jakarta faces problems arising out from failure of Sanitary Landfill Technology in TPA Bantargebang. This failure caused environment pollution and disaster eating victim. Because the contract period of garbage disposal in TPA Bantargebang Bekasi will terminate, Dinas Kebersihan DKI Jakarta must take action and effort to handle problem faced. Some solution alternatives that will be considered are setting new location, new adjusment of technology and repairing settlement of existing location. In choosing this alternative, many criteria that must be considered are benefit, opportunity, expense and risk that can be happened. Analityc Network Process (ANP) and Benefit Opportunities Cost Risk (BOCR) are used to select the related alternatives which aim to get the priority rangking of alternative as reference in decision making.Early stage is interviewing with expert of Solid Waste. The alternatives will be chosen based on the arising main problem as reference for the criterions, sub-criterions and the link between them. Weight for each ANP elements is resulted from pairwise comparison questionnaire processed with Super Software Decision. BOCR Analysis presents 3 condition in choosing alternative priority that are Standard ( B / C), Pessimistic B/(CxR), Realistic (BxO) / (CxR). If decision makers focus on Realistic then the first priority is new location (4.4625