Female pheromone composition of HvL, HvH, Hs and HsDD23.

<p>Female pheromone composition of HvL, HvH, Hs and HsDD23.</p

Percentage (mean ± SEM) of synthetic pheromone recovered from aluminum foil after 1 minute (n = 10), 2 minutes (n = 9), and 4 minutes (n = 10) of rubbing with a disposable PDMS fiber.

<p>Percentages were calculated relative to the average amount of each compound (set at 100%) present in 2 μL of a synthetic pheromone blend (n = 9).</p

Percentage (mean ± SEM) of each pheromone compound of the total amount of pheromone in PDMS rubs, volatiles collections and the corresponding gland extracts.

<p>For PDMS rubs, HvH: n = 20, HvL: n = 21, Hs: n = 21, and HsDD23: n = 32. For volatile collections, HvH: n = 14, HvL: n = 13, Hs: n = 13, and HsDD23: n = 11. Different letters indicate significant differences between sampling techniques (<i>P</i> < 0.05). An asterisk (*) indicates that the percentage of the compound could not be reliably determined.</p

Correlations of ratios of pheromone compounds (relative to the major sex pheromone component Z11-16:Ald) between PDMS rubs and gland extracts (○) and between volatile collections and gland extracts (●).

<p>Spearman’s rank correlation coefficients (r_s) and corresponding significances (<i>P</i>) are given for PDMS rubs and volatile collections separately. Gland extracts corresponding to the volatiles represent the mean ratio (± SEM) of 2–5 females from which the volatiles were collected simultaneously. n = 95 for PDMS rubs and n = 50 for volatile collections.</p

Oviposition_timing_and_site

Excel file with two sheets, one for oviposition timing, one for oviposition site

data context-dependent signalling in an insect

Excel file with the data of the total amount of alarm pheromone and the relative amounts of its two compounds (as explained in further detail in the Excel file); there is a separate sheet for each of the five treatments

Kost et al. 2016 all raw data

Data are organized in individual sheets per Figure. C always stands for corn strain, R for rice strain

Multiple alignment of HvFAR, HsFAR, HarFAR, and HasFAR.

<p>Multiple alignment of the four FAR aa sequences from <i>H. virescens</i>, <i>H. subflexa</i>, <i>H. armigera</i>, and <i>H. assulta</i>. Clustal color code indicates conserved aa positions and white background reflect non–conservative aa substitutions.</p

Identity between the pgFAR nucleotide and amino acid sequences.

<p>Identity between the pgFAR nucleotide and amino acid sequences.</p

Modulation of the alcohol profile in a ratio-assay matching gland precursor amounts.

<p>A. Pheromone gland: The relative percentage ratio of the pheromone content of <i>H. virescens</i>, <i>H. subflexa</i>, <i>H. armigera</i>, and <i>H. assulta</i> for <i>Z</i>9–14:Al (<i>H. virescens</i> only), <i>Z</i>9–16:Al, and <i>Z</i>11–16:Al. The standard error of the mean is shown as a line in the bars. B. Yeast cells: The relative percentage ratio of <i>Z</i>9–14:OH (present in HvFAR only), <i>Z</i>9–16:OH, and <i>Z</i>11–16:OH produced when the pgFARs are expressed heterologously in yeast with addition of the corresponding precursors in ratios derived from pheromone gland analysis. The precursor ratios can be found in <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0037230#pone-0037230-t001" target="_blank">Table 1</a> as Ratio 4 for each species.</p