Construction and Validation of the Narcissism and Vulnerable Narcissism Scale in a Non-clinical Sample in Iran

Background: This study was carried out to construct and validate Narcissism and Vulnerable Narcissism Scale (NVS) in a non-clinical sample in Iran. Methods: Through a review of literature, the affecting factors for narcissism and vulnerable narcissism were identified. Items for them were designed and their face validity and content validity were assessed via consultation with 5 psychoanalysts. 804 students, recruited through stratified sampling, completed the designed scale and Maladaptive Covert Narcissism Scale (MCNS). Principal Component Analysis (PCA) was applied for factor analysis. Cronbach alpha was used to confirm the reliability of factors. The difference between two genders was investigated using t test. The frequency of narcissism and vulnerable narcissism were estimated based on the z-scores. Results: Three factors of “grandiosity”, “devaluation”, and “social detachment” for narcissism part (24 items) and four factors of “negative emotions”, “fear of defect”, “low and fluctuating self-esteem”, and “withdrawal” for vulnerable narcissism part (27 items) of the scale showed reasonable validity and reliability. Pearson correlation coefficient between the two parts of narcissism and vulnerable narcissism and MCNS was estimated 0.42 and 0.47, respectively. Based on the score of 2 standard deviation (SD) above the mean, 2.0% of men, and 2.6% of women had narcissism, among which, 14.2% and 45.4% showed vulnerable narcissism, respectively. Conclusion: This scale showed suitable validity and reliability for screening narcissism and vulnerable narcissism. It needs to be replicated in other clinical and non-clinical samples with various demographic characteristics. Keywords Narcissism; Self report; Surveys; Scale

Assessing the acceptability of community pharmacy based pharmaceutical care services in Karachi

Provision of pharmaceutical care services in community pharmacies is a new trend in pharmacy practice worldwide. Published literature from developed countries is available showing benefits of pharmaceutical care services provided in community pharmacies. However, relatively little published literature is available from developing countries in which unique market environments are encountered. This study was conducted to assess the acceptability of community pharmacy based pharmaceutical care services in Karachi. Pharmaceutical care services were developed and offered to pharmacy customers for a period of two months. Acceptability was evaluated with respect to enrollment of participants in the program, discontinuation, and complaints registered. The findings provide a better understanding of pharmaceutical care marketing strategies and are discussed within the context of the health care environment in Karachi

Robinson’s cytological grading of breast carcinoma on fine needle aspirates and its correlation with Modified Bloom-Richardson histopathological grading for Breast carcinoma

Introduction:Grading of breast carcinoma on fine needle aspiration cytology provides useful information about prognosis & also beneficial for selecting patients for neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Aim: To grade the breast carcinoma on FNAC using Robinson grading system and to assess the concordance of cytological grading (CG) with histological grading (HG) using Elston‑Ellis modification of Scarff‑Bloom‑Richardson grading system. Material method:This prospective study was done in Department of pathology, B.J medical college & Hospital Ahemdabad from Augustl 2016 to october 2018. A total of 200 cases of cytologically confirmed breast carcinoma were included in this study and correlated with histopathological findings. Robinson’s cytological grading was done on cytology smears and modified Bloom-Richardson grading was done on histological sections. Result:In the present study, majority (110) were Grade II tumors (55%) followed by 53 Grade I tumors (26.5%) and 37 Grade III tumors (18.5%) by cytological grading.where as majority (107 cases) of the tumors (53.5%) were Grade II, followed by 43 (21.5%) Grade I tumors and 50 (25%) Grade I tumors by Histological grading. The result showed overall 78% concordance of CG with HG, with grade II showing highest degree of concordance (86.36%), which is comparable to previous studies. Conclusion: Cytologic grading method is Simple,non–invasive and comparable with histologic grading system.It provides information about aggressiveness of tumor and is also useful parameter while selecting neo adjuvant chemotherapy in patients of breast carcinoma

TITLE MANAGER AND CONFLICT IN PUBLIC INSTITUTIONS

In an era of constant change, the management of conflict becomes a common practice. Managers of public organizations are often confronted with conflicts, which forces them to adapt their arsenal of tools, methods and techniques used to solve disputes. The article presents the results of the research undertaken in a public institution about the perception of employees with respect to how managers act when conflicts arise. There are also displayed some recommendations to improve the way conflicts are approached.conflict; conflict management; public sector; change

NON-CONTRACTIBILITY AND ASSET SPECIFICITY IN REVERSE AUCTIONS: “MOVE TO THE MIDDLE ” OR “EFFICIENT MARKETS”?

Masten, Marshall Van Alstyne and seminar participants at the University of Michigan Busines

Assessment of Antibacterial Properties and Compressive Strength of Copaiba Oil –modified Glass Ionomer Cement versus Nanosilver or Nanogold-modified Glass Ionomer Cements: An In-Vitro Study

Objectives: Evaluation of antibacterial activity of glass ionomer restorative material (GIC) after impregnation of copaiba oil, nanosilver (NanoAg) and nanogold (NanoAu) and their consequent effect on the compressive strength. Methodology: The different antibacterial solutions were added to Fugi IX GI liquid at various concentrations; 50 μL, 100 μL, 150 μL, 200 μL and 250 μL. Antibacterial activity against streptococcus mutans was evaluated by agar diffusion test (ADT) and direct contact test (DCT). Compressive strength was assessed according to ISO specifications. Bactericidal effect of the different investigated antibacterial agents on S. mutans biofilms was evaluated using Conofocal laser scanning microscope (CLSM). Data were statistically analyzed. Results: ADT showed that copaiba oil-modified GIC recorded highest mean inhibition zone diameter at nearly all concentrations (P˂0.001). DCT showed that above 50 μL, copaiba oil-GIC reported the lowest mean optical density at 6h, 24h and 48h (P˂0.0001). Highest compressive strength was recorded in control group (180.9± 4.4 MPa, PConclusions: Being a natural product, copaiba oil could be a promising candidate for variable applications or formulations in dentistry. Despite of the improvement in the antibacterial activity against S. mutans, compressive strength of Copaiba oil-modified GIC was negatively affected, which could limit its use to non-stress bearing areas

Validity and Reliability of a Persian Version of the Screen for Cognitive Impairment in Psychiatry Scale in Patients with Bipolar Type One Disorder

Background: The screen for cognitive impairment in psychiatry scale (SCIP) is designed for assessment of cognitive function in patients with psychiatry disorders. English and Spanish versions of SCIP have been shown to be sensitive enough to cognitive dysfunction as a standard test. The SCIP is a scale intended to quickly and easily assess the cognitive impairment in patient with sever psychiatric disorders. This study aimed to assess the psychometric properties of Persian version of SCIP when applied to patients diagnosed with bipolar type one disorder. Methods: Psychometric properties were evaluated in a group of 30 patients aged between 18 and 55 years who were in stable phase of bipolar type one disorder and a control group of 30 healthy people using Persian version of SCIP, controlled oral word association test (COWAT), Rey auditory verbal learning test (RAVLT), digit symbol coding (Wechsler adult intelligence III) test, and Trail Making Test (TMT) part A and B. Results: The subscales of Persian version of SCIP were significantly correlated with the corresponding standard neurocognitive tests with an adequate internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha = 0.85). Test-retest reliability showed intraclass correlation coefficient as 0.94. Conclusion: Generally, Persian version of SCIP showed reasonable validity and reliability in order to assess cognitive impairments in patients with bipolar type one disorder and differentiate these patients from healthy control group in this term. Keywords Bipolar Disorder; Cognitive Impairment; Screening; Psychiatr

The Promise of the Rule of (Environmental) Law: A Reply to Pardy\u27s Unbearable Licence

This short reply clarifies and defends the argument presented in The Environmental Emergency and the Legality of Discretion in Environmental Law. It responds to the arguments that were made, and that could have been made, in Pardy\u27s critique An Unbearable Licence