Uncovering Values: Detecting Latent Moral Content from Natural Language with Explainable and Non-Trained Methods

Moral values as commonsense norms shape our everyday individual and community behavior. The possibility to extract moral attitude rapidly from natural language is an appealing perspective that would enable a deeper understanding of social interaction dynamics and the individual cognitive and behavioral dimension. In this work we focus on detecting moral content from natural language and we test our methods on a corpus of tweets previously labeled as containing moral values or violations, according to Moral Foundation Theory. We develop and compare two different approaches: (i) a frame-based symbolic value detector based on knowledge graphs and (ii) a zero-shot machine learning model fine-tuned on a task of Natural Language Inference (NLI) and a task of emotion detection. Our approaches achieve considerable performances without the need for prior training

Stainless steel weld metal designed to mitigate residual stresses

There have been considerable efforts to create welding consumables which on solid state phase transformation partly compensate for the stresses which develop when a constrained weld cools to ambient temperatures. All of these efforts have focused on structural steels which are ferritic. In the present work, alloy design methods have been used to create a stainless steel welding consumable which solidifies as δ ferrite, transforms almost entirely into austenite which then undergoes martensitic transformation at a low temperature of about 220◦C. At the same time, the carbon concentration has been kept to a minimum to avoid phenomena such as sensitisation. The measured mechanical properties, especially toughness, seem to be significantly better than commercially available martensitic stainless steel welding consumables, and it has been demonstrated that the use of the new alloy reduces distortion in the final joint

Photoelastic Analysis of Stress Distribution of Surgically Assisted Rapid Maxillary Expansion With and Without Separation of the Pterygomaxillary Suture

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)Purpose: The aim of this study was to evaluate in vitro the mechanical effect over teeth and bone structures of surgically assisted rapid maxillary expansion (SARME) in photoelastic analogs by observing stress produced during Hyrax-type and Haas-type appliances activation. Materials and Methods: Two photoelastic analogs were fabricated by use of birefringent materials to simulate an adult skull that contained teeth, bone, and maxillary sinus. Hyrax-type and Haas-type appliances were applied to the anchor teeth and incrementally activated. SARME was simulated by subsequent cuts of the lateral maxillary wall and midpalatine suture and separation of the pterygomaxillary junction. After each osteotomy, the appliances were activated. Resulting stress patterns were recorded photographically in the field of a plane polariscope. Results: Before any osteotomy, the activation of the appliances distributed stress through the anchoring teeth to the zygomaticomaxillary walls, concentrating at the zygomaticomaxillary and zygomaticofrontal sutures and at the midline of the maxilla. After midpalatal and maxillary wall osteotomies, a marked reduction of the stress at the zygomaticomaxillary walls was observed. With successive activations, the stresses increased in intensity at the molars, maxillary tuberosity, and pterygoid plates. After pterygomaxillary separation, the stress intensity at the molar area, maxillary tuberosity, and pterygoid plates decreased considerably. With successive activations, stress increased in intensity around the molars and maxillary tuberosity. There were no differences between stresses produced by the 2 appliances. Conclusions: In this biomechanical model, sectioning of all maxillary articulations, including separation of the pterygomaxillary junction, caused a decrease in stress over anchorage teeth. These data cannot be completely extrapolated to the clinical situation but indicate that electing to perform the SARME technique should be based on periodontal health and amount of expansion necessary for each case. (C) 2011 American Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons J Oral Maxillofac Surg 69:1771-1775, 201169617711775Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP

Are there Differences in the Mandibular Morphometry in Patients who are Candidates for Orthognathic Surgery? Part 1: Influences of Facial Class

Dentofacial deformities (FDA) facial alterations are well known. These disorders can present clinically with subsequent anterior, vertical, horizontal alterations that can be isolated or combining some of them. The surgical approach of these alterations has been extensive study in the last 50 years, where the bone morphometric characteristics have a crucial role. It was developed in a cohort study of patients who consulted for orthognathic surgery between 2002 and 2008 in the Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery of the FOP-UNICAMP. Panoramic radiographs were studied by setting the variables as class analysis of facial, mandibular ramus, mandibular body, and inferior alveolar foramen mental foramen, establishing statistical relationships and proportions with Chi-square test with statistical significance when p<0.05. Forty-six patients completed the inclusion criteria. Of these, 18 were class II and 28 were Class III, in general, there was no statistical difference between the analyzed variables. However, differences in the proportions studied, where the position of the inferior alveolar foramen varies between facial classes. We conclude that in this group of 46 patients there were no differences in the mandibular morphometry when compared patients with Class II facial type and type III.27375175

Chemical And Structural Analyses Of Titanium Plates Retrieved From Patients

The aim of this study was to evaluate the microscopic structure and chemical composition of titanium bone plates and screws retrieved from patients with a clinical indication and to relate the results to the clinical conditions associated with the removal of these devices. Osteosynthesis plates and screws retrieved from 30 patients between January 2010 and September 2013 were studied by metallographic, gas, and energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) analyses and the medical records of these patients were reviewed. Forty-eight plates and 238 screws were retrieved. The time elapsed between plate and screw insertion and removal ranged between 11 days and 10 years. Metallographic analysis revealed that all the plates were manufactured from commercially pure titanium (CP-Ti). The screw samples analyzed consisted of Ti-6Al-4V alloy, except four samples, which consisted of CP-Ti. Titanium plates studied by EDX analysis presented greater than 99.7% titanium by mass. On gas analysis of Ti-6Al-4V screws, three samples were outside the standard values. One CP-Ti screw sample and one plate sample also presented an oxygen analysis value above the standard. The results indicated that the physical properties and chemical compositions of the plates and screws did not correspond with the need to remove these devices or the time of retention

Surgical Complications of Mandibular Condylar Fractures

The purpose of this study was to retrospectively evaluate the complications of 58 patients who underwent surgery for mandibular condylar process fractures. Data were collected from patients during a 10-year period (1999-2009). The data recorded included demographic data, etiology, diagnosis, type of condylar fracture, surgical approaches, and postoperative complications. A total of 58 underwent surgery for reduction of the condylar fractures. There were 22 patients with bilateral condyle fractures and 36 patients with unilateral condyle fractures, accounting for 65 surgeries. In 8 fractures, a preauricular approach was performed to access the fractures condyle, whereas the retromandibular approach was performed in 57 fractures. There were 2 temporary facial palsies, 1 permanent facial palsy, and 1 sialocele. There were no cases of hypertrophic scar, Frey syndrome, or salivary fistula. In conclusion, permanent deformities after surgical complications were unusual, and the results are acceptably safe.2241512151

Prevalence And Treatment Of Dentofacial Deformities On A Multiethnic Population: A Retrospective Study

Introduction: The purpose of the present study was to retrospectively analyze patients with dentofacial deformities attending a reference center in a Brazilian educational institution who sought orthosurgical treatment. Material and methods: The medical records of 251 patients who sought treatment from 2003 to 2011 at Piracicaba Dental School, State University of Campinas (Unicamp) were analyzed. The exclusion criteria were as follows: patients presenting syndromes and labiopalatal clefts; in addition, incomplete records were excluded from the study. Results: The prevalence of dentofacial deformities was greater in women (60.93 %), as well as leukoderma patients (69.22 %). The main motivation for treatment was functional (52 %), followed by esthetics (27 %). As for skeletal pattern, class III was the most incident (55 %), followed by class II (29.5 %) and class I (15.5 %). Regarding the type of deformity, class I patients had predominantly maxillary atresia (53 %). In the case of class II patients, the main deformity was anteroposterior mandibular deficiency (89 %), and in class III, anteroposterior maxillary deficiency (51 %). Discussion: The results of the present study suggest that the profile of patients bearing dentofacial deformities in this population is composed of mostly young women motivated by functional issues, and class III skeletal deformity is the most common. © 2013 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.182173179Chew, M.T., Spectrum and management of dentofacial deformities in a multiethnic Asian population (2006) Angle Orthod, 76, pp. 806-809Lew, K.K., Fong, W.C., Loh, E., Malocclusion prevalence in an ethnic Chinese population (1993) Aust Dent J, 38, pp. 442-449Tang, E.L., Occlusal features of Chinese adults in Hong Kong (1994) Aust Orthod J, 13, pp. 159-163Tang, E.L., Prevalence of malocclusion amongst Hong Kong male dental students (1994) Br J Orthod, 21, pp. 57-63Woon, K.C., Thong, Y.L., Abdul Kadir, R., Permanent dentition occlusion in Chinese, Indian and Malay groups in Malaysia (1989) Aus Orthod J, 11, pp. 45-48Burgersdijk, R., Trui, G.J., Frankenmolen, F., Kalsbeek, H., Vant Hof, M., Mulder, J., Malocclusion and orthodontic treatment need of 15-74 year-old Dutch adults (1991) Community Dent Oral Epidemiol, 19, pp. 64-67Bailey, L.J., Haltiwanger, L.H., Blakey, G.H., Proffit, W.R., Who seeks surgical-orthodontic treatment: a current review (2001) Int J Adult Orthodon Orthognath Surg, 16, pp. 280-292Samman, N., Tong, A., Cheung, F., Tideman, H., Analysis of 300 dentofacial deformities in Hong Kong (1992) Int J Adult Orthod Orthognath Surg, 7, pp. 181-185Arnett, G.W., Bergman, R.T., Facial keys to orthodontic diagnosis and treatment planning-part II (1993) Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop, 103, pp. 395-411Wolford, L.M., Hilliard, F.W., (1985) Surgical Treatment Object, , St. Louis: MosbyMayo, K.H., Vig, K.D., Vig, P.S., Kowalski, C.J., Attitude variables of dentofacial deformity patients: demographic characteristics and associations (1991) J Oral Maxillofac Surg, 49, pp. 594-602Ouellette, P.L., Psychological ramifications of facial changes in relation to orthodontic treatment and orthognathic surgery (1978) J Oral Surg, 36, pp. 787-790(2000) Censo Demográfico, , IBGE-Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística. IBGE, Rio de JaneiroRivera, S.M., Hatch, J.P., Dolce, C., Bays, R.A., van Sickels, J.E., Rugh, J.D., Patients' own reasons and patient-perceived recommendations for orthognathic surgery (2000) Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop, 118, pp. 134-141Phillips, C., Broder, H.L., Bennett, M.E., Dentofacial disharmony: motivations for seeking treatment (1997) Int J Adult Orthod Orthognath Surg, 12, pp. 7-15Kiyak, H.A., Hohl, T., Sherrick, P., West, R.A., Meneill, R.W., Bucher, F., Sex differences in motives for and outcomes of orthognathic surgery (1981) J Oral Surg, 39, pp. 757-764Lucker, G.W., Graber, L.W., Pietromonace, P., The importance of dentofacial appearance in facial aesthetics: a signal detection approach (1981) Basic Appl Soc Psychol, 2, pp. 261-274Wilmot, J.J., Barber, H.D., Chou, D.G., Vig, K.W., Association between severity of dentofacial deformity and motivation for orthodontic-orthognathic surgery treatment (1993) Angle Orthod, 63, pp. 283-288Severt, T.R., Proffit, W.R., The prevalence of facial asymmetry in the dentofacial deformities population at the University of North Carolina (1997) Int J Adult Orthodon Orthognath Surg, 12, pp. 171-176Dworkin, S.F., Huggins, K.H., LeResche, L., Epidemiology of sign and symptoms in temporomandibular disorders: clinical signs in cases and controls (1990) J Am Dent Assoc, 120, pp. 273-281Lawrence, T.N., Ellis III, E., McNamara Jr., J.A., The frequency and distribution of skeletal and dental components in class II orthognathic surgery patients (1985) J Oral Maxillofac Surg, 43, pp. 24-34Wolford, L.M., Walker, G., Schendel, S., Fish, L.C., Epker, B.N., Mandibular deficiency syndrome. I. Clinical delineation and therapeutic significance (1978) Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol, 45, pp. 329-348Ellis III, E., McNamara Jr., J., Components of adult class III malocclusion (1984) J Oral Maxillofac Surg, 42, pp. 295-305Zhou, Y., Hu, W., Sun, Y., Pre- and post-surgical orthodontic skeletal open bite (2001) Zhonghua Kou Qiang Yi Xue Za Zhi, 36, pp. 225-228Luther, F., Morris, D.O., Hart, C., Orthodontic preparation for orthognathic surgery: how long does it take and why? A retrospective study (2003) Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg, 41, pp. 401-406Teltzrow, T., Kramer, F.J., Schulze, A., Baethge, C., Brachvogel, P., Perioperative complications following sagittal split osteotomy of the mandible (2005) J Craniomaxillofac Surg, 33, pp. 307-313Turvey, T.A., Intraoperative complications of sagittal osteotomy of the mandibular ramus: incidence and management (1985) J Oral Maxillofac Surg, 43, pp. 504-509Panula, K., Finne, K., Oikarinen, K., Incidence of complications and problems related to orthognathic surgery: a review of 655 patients (2001) J Oral Maxillofac Surg, 59, pp. 1128-1137Peterson, L.J., Booth, D.F., Efficacy of antibiotic prophylaxis in intraoral orthognathic surgery (1976) J Oral Surg, 34, pp. 1088-1091Gallagher, D.M., Epker, B.N., Infection following intraoral surgical correction of dentofacial deformities: a review of 140 consecutive cases (1980) J Oral Surg, 38, pp. 117-120Bentley, K.C., Head, T.W., Aiello, G.A., Antibiotic prophylaxis in orthognathic surgery: a 1-day versus 5-day regimen (1999) J Oral Maxillofac Surg, 57, pp. 226-23

OPLaX: Annotating ontology design patterns at conceptual and instance level

In this paper, we present OPLaX, a language for annotating ontology design patterns (ODPs) in ontologies and knowledge graphs, which reuses and extends existing languages. This language allows an ontology designer to annotate ODPs implemented in ontologies, to re- late these ODPs to the abstract modelling problems they are addressing (named conceptual components), and to link the ODPs with their instan- tiations in a knowledge graph (pattern instances). Moreover, we showcase its usefulness by means of 3 real-world use cases