The lead tetra-acetate oxidations of some N-arylaminofumarates in the presence of trifluoroacetic acid

p-Chloroanilino-, p-acetylanilino-, and p-toluidinojumarates are oxidized by lead tetraacetate in low yields to give oxanzlate. Similar oxidation of p-acetylan Nnofumarate in the presence of trifluoroacetic add affords only oxanilate. p- Toluidino and p-chloroanilinojumarates with lead tetra-acetateltrifluoroacetic acid give mixtures of oxazin, azobenzene and anzlide

ISOLASI SENYAWA DARI KORTEKS AEGLE MARMELOS (ISOLATION OF COMPOUNDS FROM EGLE MARMELOS BARK USED PETROLEUM

ABSTRACT: Aegle marmelos Con. is the tree with the local name Maja (Java), the member of Rtitaceae family. The plant is used in traditional medicine treatment. Researches on Aegle marnielos Corr have been reported, so that the numbers of compounds have been known. such as alkaloid. cumarine derivatives, cinnamate derivatives etc. The plant material was collected from Godean. Yogyakarta. The dry powder of "Maja" barks was extracted with petroleum ether. The obtained crude extract was subjected on the vacuum column and continued by gravity\u27 column chromatography. The isolated compounds were determined their molecular structure by interpreting the spectral data (UV, IR. Mass and \u27H & \u273C NMR). Working procedure has afforded to isolate two triterpenes. lupenone and lupeol, also the white crystals have been obtained which consist of two compounds. these are stigmasterol and sitosterol. Key words : lupenone, iupeol, phytosterol. bark, Aegle marmelo

Pemprosesan Kimia ke atas Buangan Pertanian Padi

The production process of 2-furaldehyde (furfural) from agricultural wastes including the husk, leaf and straw was investigated chemically. Three types of pro tic acid were tested with respect to its cataly tic activity. The effect of hydrochloric acid concentration on the yield percentage was also investigated

Toxicity Studies of Plant Extracts on Insects and Fish

Toxicity studies of several local plant extracts on insects and fish were carried out. The volatile fraction of some of plant extracts was isolated and the major components were characterized. The contact insecticidal activity and the toxicity test of the plant extract on fishes were studied

Development of microwave system for extraction of essential oils from Mesua ferrea L. leaves and Jasminum samhac flowers

A microwave extraction system (MES) was developed for the extraction of essential oils from Mesua ferrea L. leaves and Jasminum sambac flowers. The performance of MES was compared with the conventional extraction method (CEM) for dry distillation (DD), wet distillation (WD), hydro distillation (HD) and steam distillation (SD) in terms of rapidity, quality and quantity of yield and its efficiency. Mesua ferrea L. extracted by HD contributed 0.035% of yield, WD 0.029%, DD 0.024% and SD 0.013%. For Jasminum sambac, DD contributed 0.10%, WD 0.06% while SD and HD both contributed 0.02%, respectively. Although more compounds were detected in CEM extract, substantial higher amounts of odoriferous compounds were present in MES extract. The project has successfully proved that MES is more efficient than CEM in terms of rapidity, quality and quantity of yield

Determination of flavonoid components from Morinda citrifolia (Mengkudu) and their antioxidant activities

Five flavonoid components were isolated and identified from Morinda citrifolia's leaves; quercetin 3,7-0-dimethyl ether, quercetin 3-0-methyl ether, kaempferol 3,4'-0-dimethyl ether, kaempferol 5, 7-0-diarabinoside and apigenin. The isolation of flavonoid components was carried using paper chromatography methods with three different system solutions namely, BAW (n-butanol:acetic acid.water; 4:1:5), 15% acetic acid (15% HoAc), BEW (n-butanol:ethanol:water; 4:1:2.2) in addition to pare water. Flavonoid was identified through their colors under ultra violet (UV) with/without NH3, Rf values, acid hydrolysis to aglycone and sugar, co-chromatographic comparison with standard markers and spectral analysis by using a series of shift reagents. All of these flavonoid components were firstly reported in the genus Morinda. The antioxidant activities of flavonoid components were evaluated by using the ß-carotene bleaching method. Butylated hydroxyl toloul (BHT) and quercetin were used as positive markers. All isolated flavonoid components showed declining antioxidant activities through out the experiment. At the 40th minute, quercetin 3-0-methyl ether showed the highest antioxidant activities (77.67%); followed by quercetin 3,7-0-dimethyl ether (77.00%), kaempferol 3,4’-0 dimethyl ether (66.47%), apigenin (58.10%) and kaempferol 5,7-0-diarabinoside (56.14%). Statistical analysis was done using ANOVA with SPSS version 11.0 software. The results showed that all antioxidant activities belonging to the flavonoid components were significantly different from BHT and quercetins' antioxidant activites (p < 0.05)

The Chemical Constituents of Ficus benjamina Linn. and Their Biological Activities

The leaves, bark and fruits of Ficus benjamina Linn. were subjected to extraction and isolation using chromatographic techniques to yield six compounds (cinnamic acid, lactose, naringenin, quercetin, caffeic acid and stigmasterol). The structures of the compounds were determined by spectroscopic techniques and by comparison with published data. The compounds were screened for antimicrobial activity against two species of bacteria (Bacillus cereus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa) and cytotoxic activity against T-lyrnphoblastic leukemic (CEM-SS) cell line. Caffeic acid exhibited strong cytotoxic activity with IC 50 value of 25 mg/mL