Mechanical properties of cancellous bone from the acetabulum in relation to acetabular shell fixation and compared with the corresponding femoral head

Acknowledgments We thank Phil Jackson for help sourcing donated cadavers and transportation of samples and Dr. F.R. Saunders for help with core preparation and advice. Funding This research did not receive any specific grant from funding agencies in the public, commercial, or not-for-profit sectors.Peer reviewedPostprin

The biomechanics of amnion rupture: an X-ray diffraction study

Pre-term birth is the leading cause of perinatal and neonatal mortality, 40% of which are attributed to the pre-term premature rupture of amnion. Rupture of amnion is thought to be associated with a corresponding decrease in the extracellular collagen content and/or increase in collagenase activity. However, there is very little information concerning the detailed organisation of fibrillar collagen in amnion and how this might influence rupture. Here we identify a loss of lattice like arrangement in collagen organisation from areas near to the rupture site, and present a 9% increase in fibril spacing and a 50% decrease in fibrillar organisation using quantitative measurements gained by transmission electron microscopy and the novel application of synchrotron X-ray diffraction. These data provide an accurate insight into the biomechanical process of amnion rupture and highlight X-ray diffraction as a new and powerful tool in our understanding of this process

Internet dropouts in the USA: The invisible group

Internet dropouts are overlooked in discussions about cyberspace, yet their numbers approach those of Internet users. Our national surveys of Americans in 1995 and 1996, found that dropouts were younger, poorer, and less well educated than were users. Teenage users of the Internet appear especially likely to dropout, yet surprisingly in light of feminist literature on the subject, females are not any more prone to dropout than males. Initial commitment and motive, as well as sunk costs, seem to be important factors affecting perseverance in the face of the Internet's technical, procedural and substantive frustrations.

Les communications mobiles. Une analyse transversale des enquêtes menées aux États-Unis

This article analyses the state of mobile communication in the United States, where close to 120 million mobile phones are currently in use. Drawing on empirical data, it considers distribution in terms of population, as well as the behaviour and social situation of users. The authors question the consequences of technological development on individual fulfilment, social equality, economic success and people's security.L'article analyse l'état de la communication mobile aux USA, lesquels comptent actuellement près de 120 millions de mobiles. Il porte sur la répartition démographique, les comportements et la situation sociale des utilisateurs, sur la base de données empiriques et s'interroge sur les conséquences du développement technologique sur le bonheur individuel, l'égalité sociale, la réussite économique et la sécurité des personnes.Katz James, Aspden Philip, Le Guern Philippe, Bouillon Anne. Les communications mobiles. Une analyse transversale des enquêtes menées aux États-Unis. In: Réseaux, volume 16, n°90, 1998. Quelques aperçus sur le téléphone mobile. pp. 11-35

Acid Assisted Organosolv Delignification of Beechwood and Pulp Conversion towards High Concentrated Cellulosic Ethanol via High Gravity Enzymatic Hydrolysis and Fermentation

Background: Future biorefineries will focus on converting low value waste streams to chemical products that are derived from petroleum or refined sugars. Feedstock pretreatment in a simple, cost effective, agnostic manner is a major challenge. Methods: In this work, beechwood sawdust was delignified via an organosolv process, assisted by homogeneous inorganic acid catalysis. Mixtures of water and several organic solvents were evaluated for their performance. Specifically, ethanol (EtOH), acetone (AC), and methyl- isobutyl- ketone (MIBK) were tested with or without the use of homogeneous acid catalysis employing sulfuric, phosphoric, and oxalic acids under relatively mild temperature of 175 °C for one hour. Results: Delignification degrees (DD) higher than 90% were achieved, where both AC and EtOH proved to be suitable solvents for this process. Both oxalic and especially phosphoric acid proved to be good alternative catalysts for replacing sulfuric acid. High gravity simultaneous saccharification and fermentation with an enzyme loading of 8.4 mg/gsolids at 20 wt.% initial solids content reached an ethanol yield of 8.0 w/v%. Conclusions: Efficient delignification combining common volatile solvents and mild acid catalysis allowed for the production of ethanol at high concentration in an efficient mannerValiderad;2018;Nivå 2;2018-07-19 (inah)</p

The gastrointestinal tract microbiota of the Japanese quail, Coturnix japonica

© 2016, Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.Microbiota in the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) plays an essential role in the health and well-being of the host. With the exception of chickens, this area has been poorly studied within birds. The avian GIT harbours unique microbial communities. Birds require rapid energy bursts to enable energy-intensive flying. The passage time of feed through the avian GIT is only 2–3.5 h, and thus requires the presence of microbiota that is extremely efficient in energy extraction. This investigation has used high-throughput 16S rRNA gene sequencing to explore the GIT microbiota of the flighted bird, the Japanese quail (Coturnix japonica). We are reporting, for the first time, the diversity of bacterial phylotypes inhabiting all major sections of the quail GIT including mouth, esophagus, crop, proventriculus, gizzard, duodenum, ileum, cecum, large intestine and feces. Nine phyla of bacteria were found in the quail GIT; however, their distribution varied significantly between GIT sections. Cecal microbiota was the most highly differentiated from all the other communities and showed highest richness at an OTU level but lowest richness at all other taxonomic levels being comprised of only 15 of total 57 families in the quail GIT. Differences were observed in the presence and absence of specific phylotypes between sexes in most sections