VLSI Implementation of Multi-Bit Error Detection and Correction Codes for Space Communications

Data transmission in advanced space communications are suffering with the different types of noises. Further, these noises causeburst errors indata. Thus, the error correction codes (ECC) plays the major role to detect and correct the errors. However, the conventional hamming encoders, decoderswere detected and corrected only one bit error. Therefore, this work implementation the Multi-Bit Error Detection and CorrectionCodes (MBE-DCC) for multiple bits error detection and correction. Initially, MBE-DCC encoding operation is implemented by using generator matrix, which contains both identity bits and parity bits. Then, encoded code word is transmitted into the channel of space communication, where encoded data corrupted by different types of noises, errors. Therefore, the MBE-DCC decoding operation performed at receiver side of space communications, which corrected all the errors using syndrome detection, error location detection, and error correction modules.  The simulations revealed that the proposed MBE-DCC resulted in superior performance than conventional ECC method

Screening Antifungal and Antibacterial Activity of Venom from Snake commonly Found in Iraq

To screen antimicrobial activity of Iraqi snake venom, which consist of a divers range of proteins that identified as a potential source of therapeutics. It is unsurprising that snake venoms are being investigated for antimicrobial component due to antimicrobial resistance is becoming an increasingly sever issue. In this study, antifungal and antibacterial activity were assesse

Protocol for a multicentre, prospective observational study of elective neck dissection for clinically node-negative oral tongue squamous cell carcinoma (END-TC study)

Introduction: In early-stage oral tongue squamous cell carcinoma (OTSCC), elective neck dissection (END) is recommended when occult lymph node metastasis is suspected; however, there is no unanimous consensus on the risks and benefits of END in such cases. The management of clinically node-negative (cN0) OTSCC remains controversial. This study, therefore, aimed to evaluate the efficacy of END and its impact on the quality of life (QoL) of patients with cN0 OTSCC. Methods and analysis: This is a prospective, multicentre, nonrandomised observational study. The choice of whether to perform END at the same time as resection of the primary tumour is based on institutional policy and patient preference. The primary endpoint of this study is 3-year overall survival. The secondary endpoint are 3-year disease-specific survival, 3-year relapse-free survival and the impact on patient QoL. Propensity score-matching analysis will be performed to reduce selection bias. Ethics and dissemination: This study was approved by the Clinical Research Review Board of the Nagasaki University. The protocol of this study was registered at the University Hospital Medical Information Network Clinical Trials Registry. The datasets generated during the current study will be available from the corresponding author on reasonable request. The results will be disseminated internationally, through scientific and professional conferences and in peer-reviewed medical journals

Protocol for a multicentre, prospective observational study of elective neck dissection for clinically node-negative oral tongue squamous cell carcinoma (END-TC study)

Introduction In early-stage oral tongue squamous cell carcinoma (OTSCC), elective neck dissection (END) is recommended when occult lymph node metastasis issuspected; however, there is no unanimous consensus on the risks and benefits of END in such cases. The management of clinically node-negative (cN0) OTSCCremains controversial. This study, therefore, aimed to evaluate the efficacy of END and its impact on the quality of life (QoL) of patients with cN0 OTSCC.Methods and analysis This is a prospective, multicentre, nonrandomised observational study. The choice of whether to perform END at the same time as resection of the primary tumour is based on institutional policy and patient preference. The primary endpoint of this study is 3-year overall survival. The secondary endpoints are3-year disease-specific survival, 3-year relapse-free survival and the impact on patient QoL. Propensity score-matching analysis will be performed to reduce selection bias.Ethics and dissemination This study was approved by the Clinical Research Review Board of the Nagasaki University. The protocol of this study was registered at the University Hospital Medical Information Network Clinical Trials Registry. The datasets generated during the current study will be available from the correspondingauthor on reasonable request. The results will be disseminated internationally, through scientific and professional conferences and in peer-reviewed medical journals

Simulation and Optimization of a Sheathless Size-Based Acoustic Particle Separator

Standing surface acoustic waves (SSAW) have been widely used for sorting of cells and particles. However, the major challenges faced with the acoustic driven separation process is the need for an optimized setup to achieve effective separation and the range of particles that can be separated. In this thesis, a custom simulation model is studied to investigate and optimize the separation of varying size particles in a sheathless acoustic separation platform that was developed in our research lab. Specifically, the effect of flowrate, pressure amplitude, wavelength and interdigitated transducers (IDTs) physical parameters on the separation efficiency is explored. We also explored the critical particle size for acoustic particle separation with 3 μm particles and demonstrated, successful 3 μm and 6 μm particles for the first time for this sheathless separation platform. The ANSYS® FLUENT was utilized to numerically simulate acoustic radiation force (ARF) on the particles for separation. With the increase in the pressure amplitude in the first and second stage to 80 kPa and 110 kPa respectively, the optimization studies presented have shown to improve the separation efficiency of the model over 96 % for both 10 & 3 μm particles. Findings of the current study will aid in increasing the efficiency of particle separation and in designing the SSAW driven microfluidic devices

Simulation and Optimization of a Sheathless Size-Based Acoustic Particle Separator

Standing surface acoustic waves (SSAW) have been widely used for sorting of cells and particles. However, the major challenges faced with the acoustic driven separation process is the need for an optimized setup to achieve effective separation and the range of particles that can be separated. In this thesis, a custom simulation model is studied to investigate and optimize the separation of varying size particles in a sheathless acoustic separation platform that was developed in our research lab. Specifically, the effect of flowrate, pressure amplitude, wavelength and interdigitated transducers (IDTs) physical parameters on the separation efficiency is explored. We also explored the critical particle size for acoustic particle separation with 3 μm particles and demonstrated, successful 3 μm and 6 μm particles for the first time for this sheathless separation platform. The ANSYS® FLUENT was utilized to numerically simulate acoustic radiation force (ARF) on the particles for separation. With the increase in the pressure amplitude in the first and second stage to 80 kPa and 110 kPa respectively, the optimization studies presented have shown to improve the separation efficiency of the model over 96 % for both 10 & 3 μm particles. Findings of the current study will aid in increasing the efficiency of particle separation and in designing the SSAW driven microfluidic devices

Periodontal therapy for localized severe periodontitis in a patient receiving fixed orthodontic treatment: a case report

Abstract Background Orthodontic treatment involves movement of teeth by compression and resorption of the alveolar bone using orthodontic forces. These movements are closely linked to the interactions between the teeth and the periodontal tissues that support them. Owing to an increase in adults seeking orthodontic treatment, orthodontists increasingly encounter patients with periodontal diseases, in whom orthodontic treatment is contraindicated. In rare cases, periodontitis may develop after treatment initiation. However, no approach for treating periodontitis after the initiation of orthodontic treatment has been established. Here, we present an approach for managing localized severe periodontitis manifesting after initiating orthodontic treatment. Case presentation A 32-year-old Japanese woman was referred to the Department of Dentistry and Oral Surgery by an orthodontist who observed symptoms of acute periodontitis in the maxillary molars that required periodontal examination and treatment. A detailed periodontal examination, including oral bacteriological examination, revealed localized severe periodontitis (stage III, grade B) in the maxillary left first and second molars and in the mandibular right second molar. After consultation with the orthodontist, the orthodontic treatment was suspended based on the results of the bacteriological examination to allow for periodontal treatment. Full-mouth disinfection was performed with adjunctive oral sitafloxacin. Periodontal and bacteriological examinations after treatment revealed regression of the localized periodontitis with bone regeneration. Thereafter, orthodontic treatment was resumed, and good progress was achieved. Conclusions Orthodontists should recognize the risk of acute severe periodontitis in young adults. Asymptomatic patients with localized severe periodontitis may clear a screening test before orthodontic treatment but develop acute symptoms with bone resorption during orthodontic treatment. Therefore, patients requiring orthodontic treatment should be examined by their family dentist or a periodontist to rule out periodontal issues that may impede orthodontic treatment. The patients should also be informed of age-related risks. Further, periodontists, family dentists, and orthodontists who treat adults should be informed about periodontitis and the need for interdisciplinary collaboration. In patients who develop periodontitis after orthodontic treatment initiation, temporary interruption of orthodontic treatment and aggressive periodontal intervention may facilitate recovery

Etiology of Oral Potentially Malignant Disorders and Squamous Cell Carcinoma Based on Cellular Stress Regulation and Matrix Stiffness

The oral cavity serves as the initial segment of the digestive system and is responsible for both nutritional supplementation and the mechanical breakdown of food. It comprises distinct hard and soft tissues; the oral mucosa is subject to mechanical stress and interaction with microbiota. In oral cancer, tumors exhibit abnormal cellular networks and aberrant cell-cell interactions arising from complex interplays between environmental and genetic factors. This presents a challenge for clinicians and researchers, impeding the understanding of mechanisms driving oral cancer development and treatment strategies. Lesions with dysplastic features are categorized under oral potentially malignant disorders, including oral leukoplakia, erythroplakia, oral submucous fibrosis, and proliferative verrucous leukoplakia, carrying a high malignancy risk. In this review, we discuss oral cancer cell characteristics and the stiffness of the surrounding matrix. We also discuss the significance of stiffness equilibrium in oral potentially malignant disorders, particularly oral submucous fibrosis, possibly triggered by mechanical stress such as betel quid chewing