Characterizing All Trees with Locating-chromatic Number 3

Let $c$ be a proper $k$-coloring of a connected graph $G$. Let $\Pi = \{S_{1}, S_{2},\ldots, S_{k}\}$ be the induced partition of $V(G)$ by $c$, where $S_{i}$ is the partition class having all vertices with color $i$.The color code $c_{\Pi}(v)$ of vertex $v$ is the ordered$k$-tuple $(d(v,S_{1}), d(v,S_{2}),\ldots, d(v,S_{k}))$, where$d(v,S_{i})= \hbox{min}\{d(v,x)|x \in S_{i}\}$, for $1\leq i\leq k$.If all vertices of $G$ have distinct color codes, then $c$ iscalled a locating-coloring of $G$.The locating-chromatic number of $G$, denoted by $\chi_{L}(G)$, isthe smallest $k$ such that $G$ posses a locating $k$-coloring. Clearly, any graph of order $n \geq 2$ have locating-chromatic number $k$, where $2 \leq k \leq n$. Characterizing all graphswith a certain locating-chromatic number is a difficult problem. Up to now, we have known allgraphs of order $n$ with locating chromatic number $2, n-1,$ or $n$.In this paper, we characterize all trees whose locating-chromatic number $3$. We also give a family of trees with locating-chromatic number 4

Using Time Token Arends to Improve Speaking Ability to the Second Year Students of SMA Negeri 1 Lilirilau Soppeng

Based on the findings, the writer concluded that the second year students of SMA Negeri 1 Lilirilau Soppeng could develop their speaking using time token Arends, by the mean score in post-test was 12.8 higher than in pre-test 10.93, the value of t-test was 18.6 higher than the value of t-table 2.045 at the level significant 0.05 and standard deviation was (df= 30-1) and the students’ interest in speaking English using time token Arends was positive. It means that, there was significant improvement of the students speaking ability and the students have positive interest toward the use of time token Arends technique

On the Locating Chromatic Number of Barbell Shadow Path Graph

The locating-chromatic number was introduced by Chartrand in 2002. The locating chromatic number of a graph is a combined concept between the coloring and partition dimension of a graph. The locating chromatic number of a graph is defined as the cardinality of the minimum color classes of the graph. In this paper, we discuss about the locating-chromatic number of shadow path graph and barbell graph containing shadow graph

Pengembangan Model Creative Problem Solving (CPS) untuk Meningkatkan Kemampuan Berpikir Reflektif Siswa

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengembangkan model Creative Problem Solving berupa buku model  dan perangkat pembelajaran untuk mengembangkan kemampuan berpikir reflektif siswa. Penelitian yang digunakan adalah jenis penelitian pengembangan atau R&D ( reseacrch and development). Namun penelitian dibatasi sampai pada tahap uji ahli, sehingga tahapan pengembangan ini dimulai dari studi pendahuluan, penyusunan pengembangan pembelajaran, validasi ahli. Subjek penelitian ini adalah 2 orang guru dan 2 orang dosen. Instrumen Penelitian ini berupa lembar validasi untuk ahli dan praktisi. Hasil penelitian ini adalah (1) desain model Creative Problem Solving (CPS), (2) perangkat pembelajaran berupa silabus, Rencana Pelaksanaan Pembelajaran (RPP) dan Lembar Kerja Peserta Didik (LKPD) dengan topik operasi SPLTV kelas X SMA  Negeri 15 Bandar Lampung semester ganjil. Adapun hasil validasi meliputi: skor penilaian desain pengembangan model sebesar 92,5% oleh ahli model dan 95% untuk ahli materi; skor Silabus sebesar 98% untuk ahli materi 1 dan 94% untuk ahli materi 2; skor RPP sebesar 97% untuk ahli materi 1 dan 95% untuk ahli materi 2; Skor LKPD sebesar 91,67% untuk ahli materi 1 dan 94,44% untuk ahli materi 2; Skor Media sebesar 95% untuk ahli media dan 94% untuk ahli materi. Hasil validasi para ahli diperoleh bahwa pengembangan model Creative Problem Solving dan perangkat pembelajaran layak digunakan dan diimplementasikan setelah memenuhi kriteria valid dan praktis. Hal ini dapat dilihat dari hasil skor penilaian validator yang memiliki kriteria valid dan kategori sangat praktis. Berdasarkan penilaian para ahli, maka secara teoritis produk pengembangan Model Creative Problem Solving (CPS)  dapat digunakan untuk meningkatkan Keteramplilan berpikir reflektif siswa

Pengembangan LKPD Berbasis Pendekatan Konstruktif untuk Meningkatkan Pemahaman Konsep Matematis

This research and development aims to produce LKPD products based on constructive approach that is valid, practical, and effective in terms of understanding the mathematical concepts of learners. This type of research refers to the research and development of Borg and Gall. Research subjects at the field test stage are the students of class XI SMA Negeri 1 Kalirejo Lesson Year 2017/2018. The design in the field test phase is one group pretest-posttest design. The research data is obtained through observation, interview, questionnaire, and comprehension test of mathematical concept. LKPD validity test results obtained an average rating of 3.5. Practicality test results obtained an average rating of 3.03. The average gain result is 0.71. Based on the results and discussion concluded that the letters of learners' activities are valid, practical, and effective in terms of understanding the mathematical concepts.Penelitian dan pengembangan ini bertujuan untuk menghasilkan produk berupa LKPD berbasis pendekatan konstruktif yang valid, praktis, dan efektif ditinjau dari pemahaman konsep matematis peserta didik. Jenis penelitian ini mengacu pada penelitian dan pengembangan Borg and Gall. Subjek penelitian pada tahap uji lapangan adalah peserta didik kelas XI SMA Negeri 1 Kalirejo Tahun Pelajaran 2017/2018. Desain pada tahap uji lapangan adalah one group pretest-posttest design. Data penelitian diperoleh melalui observasi, wawancara, angket, dan tes pemahaman konsep matematis. Hasil analisis data kevalidan LKPD memperoleh rata-rata penilaian 3,5. Hasil analisis data kepraktisan memperoleh rata-rata penilaian 3,03. Hasil rata-rata gain diperoleh 0,71. Berdasar hasil dan pembahasan disimpulkan bahwa lembar kegiatan peserta didik valid, praktis, dan efektif ditinjau dari pemahaman konsep matematis

Hubungan Pendapatan Orangtua dan Pola Makan Serta Kejadian Penyakit Diare dengan Status Gizi

This type of research is analytic research using the Cross-Sectional Study approach, to obtain data on the relationship of diet and parental income and the incidence of diarrheal diseases on nutritional status (BB / TB) of the students of SDN Daya 1. Populations in this study were all elementary school students of the third, fourth, and fifth grade of SDN Daya 1 Makassar City. The sample in this study were elementary school students in the grades III, IV and V in SDN Daya 1 located in Paccerakkang village, Biringkanaya Subdistrict, Makassar City, with the following criteria: class III-V students who were willing to become a sample; children are in good health at the time of sampling; and parents and teachers are willing to become respondents. Data analysis uses the Chi-Square test. The results showed that diet was not related to nutritional status as evidenced by the value of p = 0.48 (> 0.05), parental income was not related to nutritional status where most of the parents' income level was quite sufficient as evidenced by p = 0, 269 > 0.05) as well as the incidence of diarrhea not related to nutritional status as evidenced by p = 0.470 (> 0.05). It is recommended that the process of data collection is better collaboration between researchers and the school, making direct observations at the household level regarding food availability, and adding food intake variables to find out the meal portion of the sample