The role of relatives’ expressed emotion and personality traits in predicting schizophrenia relapse

The debilitating nature of schizophrenia and recurrent relapse of its psychotic episodes are often poorly understood and can be confusing to many family members, who play the role as primary caregivers. This study aimed at investigating the role of relatives’ expressed emotion (EE) and personality traits in predicting relapse among schizophrenia patients. A total of 160 subjects in which the dyads of 80 patients diagnosed with schizophrenia and 80 key relatives were recruited to participate in Phase 1 and then followed-up 6 months later for Phase 2 of the study. The Family Questionnaire (FQ) was administered to measure relatives’ EE level while Eysenck Personality Questionnaire-Revised (EPQ-RS) was used to measure their personality traits. Patients’ were considered to relapse if they were readmitted into the psychiatric wards within 6 months post-hospital discharge from their index hospitalization. Results showed that the odds for patients to relapse was increased by 8 folds when relatives demonstrated high-EE level. Relatives’ critical comments (CC) component turned out to be a strong predictor with 12% chance for schizophrenia relapse when they demonstrated an increase in CC level. Relatives’ personality traits particularly the lie scale and extraversion trait also turned out to be the significant direct predictors to patients’ relapse. Relatives with elevated lie scale score or also considered as the conformists predicted patients’ relapse almost 3 folds. On the contrary, a unit decreased in extraversion trait predicted the odds for patients to relapse by 29%. Results supported the worldwide findings on the significant role of relatives’ high-EE level particularly the CC component in predicting the course of schizophrenia. The significant contribution of relatives’ extraversion and conformism traits is indeed a novel finding in studies of schizophrenia relapse. Results generally supported the viability of EE construct in predicting relapse among local schizophrenia patients

Environmental Awareness and Education: A Key Approach to Solid Waste Management (SWM) – A Case Study of a University in Malaysia

This research assessed the impact of environmental education on the use of solid household waste in five residential complexes located in the northeastern part of the city of Montería. Quantitative and qualitative variables based on comparative reports of the amount of waste used and community behavior before and after the implementation of environmental education strategies were analyzed, these were established from a preliminary and technical diagnosis where solid waste management in the sets was contextualized and non-formal education was further applied , based on the socialization of flyers, brochures and posters associated with the proper management of solid household waste in residential units. In turn, the impact of the project on the inhabitants of residential complexes and the relationship between environmental education and the use of solid waste was measured. The data obtained show a growth of 45.53% from agost 2019 to april 2020 in the amount of waste used, indicating a trend of progressive increase over time, in addition the social aspects showed positive effects regarding the perception, behaviors and attitudes of the actors in the subject of solid waste domicile, as a result of the delivery of environmental education.1. REVISIÓN DE LITERATURA ................................................................................. 181.1. ANTECEDENTES ............................................................................................... 181.2. MARCO CONCEPTUAL ................................................................................... 231.3 MARCO LEGAL ..................................................................................................... 252. MATERIALES Y MÉTODOS ...................................................................................... 282.1. ZONA DE ESTUDIO .............................................................................................. 282.2. TIPO DE ESTUDIO ................................................................................................ 292.2.1. Diseño metodológico........................................................................................... 292.2.2. Fases de la investigación ..................................................................................... 303. RESULTADOS Y DISCUSIÓN .................................................................................... 363.1 DIAGNOSTICO PRELIMINAR, AMBIENTAL Y TÉCNICO .......................... 363.1.1 Monticello ............................................................................................................ 363.1.2 San Ventto ............................................................................................................ 403.1.3 Portal de Alameda ................................................................................................ 423.1.4 Alusan................................................................................................................... 453.1.5 Terrazas del Country ............................................................................................ 483.1.6 Caracterización de Residuos Sólidos Domiciliarios ............................................ 503.1.7 Contexto general del manejo de Residuos Sólidos Domiciliarios en los conjuntos residenciales .................................................................................................................. 593.2 ANÁLISIS COMPARATIVO DE LA COMUNIDAD ESTUDIADA ANTES Y DESPUÉS DE LA IMPLEMENTACIÓN DE EDUCACIÓN AMBIENTAL. ......... 683.2.1 Reportes de cantidad de Residuos Aprovechados antes de implementar Educación Ambiental. ................................................................................................... 683.2.2 Implementación de estrategias de Educación Ambiental. .................................... 713.2.3 Reportes de cantidad de Residuos Aprovechados después de implementar Educación Ambiental .................................................................................................... 833.3. IMPACTO DE LA EDUCACIÓN AMBIENTAL Y SU RELACIÓN CON EL APROVECHAMIENTO DE RESIDUOS SÓLIDOS DOMICILIARIOS. ............... 893.3.1. Análisis Cuantitativo. .......................................................................................... 893.3.2. Análisis Cualitativo. ............................................................................................ 974. CONCLUSIONES ..................................................................................................... 1035. RECOMENDACIONES ............................................................................................. 1046. BIBLIOGRAFÍA ....................................................................................................... 1057.0 ANEXOS...................................................................................................................... 114En esta investigación se evaluó el impacto de la educación ambiental en el aprovechamiento de residuos sólidos domiciliarios en cinco conjuntos residenciales ubicados en la zona nororiental de la ciudad de Montería. Se analizaron variables cuantitativas y cualitativas basadas en comparativos de los reportes de la cantidad de residuos aprovechados y el comportamiento de la comunidad antes y después de la implementación de estrategias de educación ambiental, estas se establecieron a partir de un diagnostico preliminar y técnico donde se contextualizó el manejo de los residuos sólidos en los conjuntos y adicionalmente se aplicó educación no formal, basada en la socialización de volantes, folletos y afiches asociados al manejo adecuado de residuos sólidos domiciliarios en las unidades residenciales. A su vez se medió el impacto que tuvo el proyecto en los habitantes de los conjuntos residenciales y la relación entre la educación ambiental y el aprovechamiento de residuos sólidos. Los datos obtenidos muestran un crecimiento de 45,53% desde agosto de 2019 hasta abril de 2020 en la cantidad de residuos aprovechados, indicando una tendencia de aumento progresivo con el transcurrir del tiempo, además los aspectos sociales mostraron efectos positivos con relación a la percepción, comportamientos y actitudes de los actores en la temática de residuos sólidos domiciliarios, como resultado de la impartición de educación ambiental.PregradoIngeniero(a) Ambienta

Family Functioning, Cognitive Distortion and Resilience among Clients under Treatment in Drug Rehabilitation Centres in Malaysia

AbstractThe process of drug rehabilitation is an important agenda for the National Anti-Drug Agency (NADA) in Malaysia. Various efforts have been taken to aid NADA in treating drug addicts. This study focuses on identifying the mental health status and psychological factors to design appropriate treatment strategies. Therefore, this research aims to determine the level of family functioning, cognitive distortion and resilience among clients of Care and Cure Rehabilitation Center (CCRC) and Care &Cure Clinic (C & C Clinic). A total of 493 clients from these institutions took part in this study. The instruments used were FACES III to measure family functioning, Cognitive Distortion Scale (CD) to measure cognitive distortion and Resilience Scale to measure resilience. Results indicate that clients’ family functioning is at a moderate level, clients’ cognitive distortion is at a low level, whilst their resilience is at a higher level. This indicates that the rehabilitation programs conducted at the institution had an impact on clients’ resiliency and cognitive distortion. The implication of the study can be attributed to the counselling intervention at NADA

Pola dorongan sosial dan niat menderma darah dalam kalangan penderma darah

Pemupukan niat menderma darah yang konsisten penting untuk penglibatan yang berterusan dalam aktiviti ini. Motivasi untuk menggalakkan niat berterusan untuk menderma darah lahir daripada faktor psikologi seperti sikap positif, keyakinan diri dan persepsi tekanan sosial. Namun begitu, seseorang penderma darah tidak boleh bergantung semata-mata terhadap faktor psikologikal kerana aspek ini boleh berubah mengikut penilaian seseorang berdasarkan frekuensi kekerapan pendermaan darah. Oleh itu, diandaikan bahawa penderma darah memerlukan dorongan daripada jaringan sosial sebagai agen untuk mengukuhkan konsistensi niat menderma darah. Makalah ini bertujuan meneroka pola dorongan jaringan sosial terhadap konsistensi niat menderma darah dalam kalangan kumpulan Penderma Darah Awalan (PDA) dan Penderma Darah Mapan (PDM). Data kajian diperolehi melalui sebelas sesi temubual separa struktur terhadap 20 orang penderma darah yang dipilih secara persampelan bertujuan di Pusat Darah Negara (PDN), Kuala Lumpur. Data dianalisis secara bertema. Hasil kajian mendapati bahawa semua informan mempunyai konsistensi niat menderma darah. Kajian ini turut mendapati bahawa wujud pola dorongan sosial yang berbeza antara PDA dan PDM. PDA menunjukkan pola dorongan sosial berbentuk dwi-hala antara mereka dan jaringan sosial. Manakala PDM melaporkan pola secara sehala-eksternal, iaitu dorongan PDM kepada pihak luar. Dapatan kajian memberi implikasi kepada pihak pengurusan bekalan darah untuk mempertimbangkan kepentingan peranan dorongan sosial terhadap pengekalan niat menderma darah. Kajian akan datang perlu mengkaji dengan lebih mendalam mengenai mekanisma untuk mengukuhkan pola dorongan sosial dalam kalangan penderma darah

A study of the Relationship and Influence of Personality on Job Stress among Academic Administrators at a University

AbstractIn universities academic administrators are an important group of people that provides leadership to the universities. They hold multiple administrative positions in addition to their teaching responsibilities, which increases their workload. Ignoring their well-being could be detrimental to the individual as well as to the organization as a whole. This study was conducted among 120 (55 males and 65 females) academic administrators of the National University of Malaysia with the purpose of studying the relationship and influence of personality on job stress. Two instruments used which were Eysenck Personality Questionnaire Revised Short-Version (EPQR-S) (1985), and The University Administrative Concern, Rasch (1986), all of which have good validity of between 0.6 to 0.9. To examine the relationship Pearson Correlation was used, while the Mutiple Regression was used to determine the influence of personality on job stress. Results of the study revealed that there was a significant relationship between personalities with work –related stress. Next, the results revealed that there is a meaningful positive correlation between job stress and psychoticism (r=0.17) and neuroticism (r=0.38), and a meaningful negative correlation was found between job stress and extraversion (r= - 0.26) and lie (r= - 0.25). However, only two of the personality dimensions which were neuroticism and lie scale showed as good predictors of job stress. Our results suggest that better knowledge of the influence of personality dimensions and job stress might be helpful for the choice of more effective interventions

Hubungan antara faktor demografik dan klinikal dengan kefungsian fizikal pesakit strok

Strok adalah antara punca penyakit yang menyebabkan berlakunya kecelaan fizikal dan limitasi aktiviti kepada pesakit dalam melaksanakan tugasan harian mereka sehinggakan kepada satu peringkat, pesakit akan mengalami ketidakupayaan. Kajian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji perkaitan setiap faktor demografik dan klinikal yang dipercayai terlibat dengan status kefungsian fizikal pesakit yang telah mengalami strok. Kajian ini juga cuba untuk melihat perbezaan kefungsian fizikal pesakit mengikut faktor-faktor tersebut dan juga melihat hubungan antara faktor-faktor tadi dengan kefungsian fizikal. Seramai 147 orang responden yang lulus ujian saringan kognitif terlibat. Alat ujian Indeks Aktiviti Kehidupan Seharian Barthel (ADL) telah ditadbirkan kepada responden selepas enam minggu serangan strok bagi mengukur tahap kefungsian fizikal mereka. Hasil kajian mendapati terdapat perbezaan yang signifikan [F(3, 143) = 4.06; p < 0.01) antara tahap pendidikan yang berbeza dengan tahap kefungsian fizikal pesakit. Faktor klinikal pula menunjukkan perbezaan kefungsian fizikal lebih tinggi secara signifikan (p < 0.01) pada serangan otak kanan berbanding kiri.Terdapat perbezaan yang signifikan (p < 0.01) pada kefungsian fizikal pesakit dalam kepercayaan pemulihan mereka. Di samping itu, bilangan serangan strok pesakit juga menunjukkan perbezaan yang signifikan [F(1, 145)= 11.19; p < 0.01] pada kefungsian fizikal mereka. Ujian korelasi yang dijalankan menunjukkan bahagian otak yang diserang mempunyai hubungan positif yang signifikan (r = 0.24; p < 0.01) dengan kefungsian fizikal pesakit strok. Kesimpulannya, faktor demografik dan klinikal turut memainkan peranan dalam menentukan tahap kefungsian fizikal pesakit strok dan faktor-faktor tersebut perlu dipertimbangkan dalam usaha untuk meningkatkan kefungsian fizikal pesakit pada masa hadapan

Kemahiran keibubapaan, kefungsian keluarga dan kesejahteraan psikologi dalam kalangan ibubapa

Kemahiran keibubapaan, kefungsian keluarga dan kesejahteraan psikologi dalam kalangan ibubapa adalah tiga aspek yang sangat penting untuk menjamin kesejahteraan sesebuah keluarga. Kajian dalam kalangan 187 orang ibu dan bapa ini bertujuan untuk mengenalpasti tahap kemahiran keibubapaan dan kefungsian keluarga serta hubungan antara kedua pemboleh ubah ini. Selain daripada itu hubungan antara kefungsian keluarga dengan kesejahteraan psikologi juga dikaji. Perbezaan antara jantina bagi ketiga-tiga pemboleh ubah tersebut juga dikaji. Dapatan menunjukkan terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara kemahiran keibubapaan dengan kefungsian keluarga, serta kefungsian keluarga dengan kesejahteraan psikologi. Manakala ujian t pula menunjukkan terdapat perbezaan kemahiran keibubapaan antara lelaki dengan wanita, tetapi tidak terdapat perbezaan dari aspek kefungsian keluarga dan kesejahteraan psikologi. Implikasi kajian ini menunjukkan kepentingan kemahiran keibubapaan dan kefungsian keluarga dalam mencapai kesejahteraan psikologi

Relationship of Adult Attachment Styles and External Shame on Depression Symptoms among Married Couples: A Preliminary Study

This study investigated the potential impact of attachment styles and external shame on depression symptoms among married couples from low-income apartments in the suburbs of Kuala Lumpur. A door-to-door approach was used to recruit participants and collect data. Three research scales were used in this study: the Experience in Close Relationship-Revised Version questionnaire was used to measure individual differences in adult attachment styles, the Other as Shamer Scale was used to measure external shame, and the Personal Health Questionnaire was used to measure depression symptoms. This study reports that the most common depression symptoms reported are among individuals who experienced depression symptoms for less than one month. Results showed that dualinsecure couples (wives’ anxiety attachment and husbands’ avoidance attachment, wives’ avoidance attachment and husbands’ avoidance attachment) were significantly correlated with depression in a sample of the wives. The findings also revealed that a specific type of dual-insecure couples (wives’ anxiety attachment and husbands’ avoidance attachment) was a predictor of depression symptoms. These results provide evidence for a role of specific dual-insecure couples and external shame on depression symptoms. (Abstract by authors

Emotional intelligence and religious orientation among secondary school students

This study was carried out to identify the differences of emotional intelligence and religious orientation between students in government secondary schools and religious secondary schools. This study involved 224 respondents that were chosen via purposive sampling technique. The emotional intelligence questionnaire used in this study was based on BarOn’s emotional intelligence theory while religious orientation was measured using the Religion Orientation Scale. Data collected were analysed using the Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) software version 19.0. T-test was used to observe the differences of emotional intelligence and religious orientation between students in government secondary schools and religious secondary schools. The results showed that there were differences in emotional intelligence but no difference was found in religious orientation between students from government secondary schools and religious secondary schools

Investigating neighbourhood assets and best friend attachment within a context of emotions among youth in a disadvantaged community in Kuala Lumpur

The present study is among the first to investigate the neighbourhood assets and best friend attachment within a context of emotions among youth in a disadvantaged community in Kuala Lumpur. The aim of this cross-sectional study is to examine the positive and negative emotions in relation to neighborhood assets and best friend attachment in youth, who are living in communities known to have high levels of exposure to violence and to determine these factors as predictors of positive emotion and negative emotion. Using a convenience sampling technique, a total of 448 participants from low-income apartments in Kuala Lumpur, aged 13–24 years old were asked to complete a set of standardized questionnaires to measure neighbourhood assets, best friend attachment, and positive emotion and negative emotion. Multiple regression analysis revealed that two factors are the most significant predictors of positive emotion while four factors are the most significant predictors of negative emotion. The results suggested that the presence predictors of positive emotion can enhance the positive development of youth, however, the presence predictors of negative emotion must first be reduced to some extent to help these youths increase their emotional well-being