Modeling of segmental excavator working tool for soil compaction

The development of a methodology for physical modeling of the working process and a replaceable working tool of an excavator for soil compaction in the construction, maintenance, and repair of man-made engineering structures in confined spaces are considered in the article. This methodology is based on a rheological model of the soil compaction process containing Hooke and Newton's elements connected in parallel (the Voigt model is the method of integral analogs that have been used to obtain the main similarity criteria that adequately characterize the process of static compaction during elastoviscoplastic soil deformation). The formulas for the transition from the model parameters to the parameters of the full-scale process of soil compaction by a segmental working tool are obtained based on similarity criteria for modeling the option without changing soil properties

Лапароскопическая радикальная нефрэктомия с тромбэктомией из нижней полой вены I - III уровня: опыт одного центра и обзор литературы.

Objective. Radical nephrectomy with thrombectomy of the inferior vena cava is the preferred treatment for renal cell carcinoma with an tumor thrombosis. We describe our experience and presentreview of the literature evaluating the feasibility and safety of laparoscopic nephrectomy with inferior vena cava thrombectomy.Materials and methods. The study included 37 patients who underwent laparoscopic radical nephrectomy with level I–III thrombectomy for renal cell carcinoma in our institution from 2018 to 2021. We analyzed the clinical, radiographic, intraoperative, pathological and postoperative parameters of the patients. The literature was reviewed by the Medline search engine, PubMed, with a review of publications on laparoscopic radical nephrectomy with inferior vena cava levelI–IIIthrombectomy.Results. The mean operation time was 275 ± 60.1 min, the median blood loss was 450 ± 81.6 ml (≥50 % of the circulating blood volume – 32.4 %). Intraoperative complications were observed during 10 (27.0 %) operations. Postoperative complications developed in 29.7 % of patients and reached gradesIII–IV according to the Clavien–Dindo scale on 13.0 % ill. All patients are activated according to the fast track rehabilitation program. The average hospital stay was 5 days. A literature review identified clinical cases and small series demonstrating the technical feasibility and safety of laparoscopic radical nephrectomy with thrombectomy in selected patients.Conclusion. Laparoscopic radical nephrectomy with thrombectomy is a technically feasible approach in carefully selected patients with level I–III tumor thrombosis. Optimal patient selection, extensive experience in laparoscopy and specialized centers are essential for the safe use of thistechnique.Цель исследования – представить непосредственные результаты выполнения лапароскопической радикальной нефрэктомии с тромбэктомией из нижней полой вены I–III уровней в условиях одного онкоурологического стационара.Материалы и методы. В исследование были включены 37 пациентов, перенесших лапароскопическую радикальную нефрэктомию с тромбэктомией из нижней полой вены I–III уровней по поводу почечно-клеточного рака в НМИЦ онкологии им. Н.Н. Петрова в период с 2018 по 2021 г. Проанализированы клинические, рентгенографические, интраоперационные, патоморфологические и послеоперационные параметры пациентов. В системах Medline и PubMed выполнен поиск публикаций, посвященных лапароскопической радикальной нефрэктомии с тромбэктомией из нижней полой вены I–III уровней за последние 10 лет.Результаты. Среднее время операции составило 275 ± 60,1 мин, медиана объема кровопотери – 450 ± 81,6 мл (≥50 % объема циркулирующей крови – 32,4 %). Интраоперационные осложнения отмечены в 10 (27,0 %) случаях. Послеоперационные осложнения развились у 29,7 % пациентов и достигли III–IV степеней тяжести по шкале Clavien–Dindo у 13,0 % больных. Все пациенты активизированы по программе ускоренной реабилитации fast track. Средняя продолжительность пребывания в стационаре составила 5 сут. Обзор литературы выявил клинические случаи и небольшие серии, демонстрирующие техническую осуществимость и безопасность лапароскопической радикальной нефрэктомии с тромбэктомией у отдельных пациентов.Заключение. Лапароскопическая радикальная нефрэктомия с тромбэктомией – технически осуществимый подход у тщательно отобранных пациентов с опухолевым тромбом I–III уровней. Оптимальный отбор пациентов, обширный опыт лапароскопии и специализированные центры являются принципиальными элементами для безопасного применения этого метода

Platelet Vesicular Monoamine Transporter 2 Density in the Disruptive Behavior Disorders

In a former study, we reported decreased platelet vesicular monoamine transporter 2 (VMAT2) density (Bmax) in patients with ADHD. The current study aimed at measuring platelet VMAT2 in the disruptive behavior disorders (DBDs) to assess whether this finding is specific to ADHD or generalizable to the broader DBD concept. The study included 13 patients with DBDs aged 10–12 years and 16 healthy volunteers aged 8–17 years. All participants underwent a thorough clinical evaluation using Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia for School-Age Children–Present and Lifetime version for diagnosis, the Nisonger Child Behavior Rating Form, the Clinical Global Impressions Scale-Severity version, and the DSM-IV ADHD Scale (DAS). The study group's DAS scores did not differ from those of the control group. There was no significant difference between the patients with DBDs and the control group either in VMAT2 density (Bmax) or affinity (Kd) as measured by high-affinity [3H]TBZOH binding. We conclude that the formerly reported decreased platelet VMAT2 Bmax in patients with ADHD may be specific to ADHD and not present in DBDs. Larger-scale replication is needed.New methods for child psychiatric diagnosis and treatment outcome evaluatio