Determination of volatile compounds of the first rose oil and the first rose water by HS-SPME/GC/MS techniques

Background: Rose water and rose oil are used in the perfume, cosmetic, pharmaceutical and food industries. The determination of volatile compounds in rose oil and rose water obtained from oil-bearing rose is highly important in terms of availability in the industry and in human health.Materials and Methods: Twenty four and twenty six volatile compounds were determined in the first rose oil and in the first rose water. Thus, in this study, volatile compounds in the first rose oil and first rose water have been determined by HS-SPME/GC/MS (Headspace-Solid Phase Micro Extraction/Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry) techniques which were not published previously for determining volatile compounds in rose oil and rose water.Results: Twenty four and twenty six volatile compounds were found in the first rose oil and in the first rose water, respectively. It was further discovered that both first rose oil and first rose water are rich in oxygenated monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes, with a third group of volatile compounds known as aliphatic hydrocarbons being found only in first rose oil. Citronellol contents of the first rose oil and rose water were found to be 43.40% and 40.13% respectively, whereas geraniol contents were 11.81% and 15.97%, respectively.Conclusion: These findings suggest that HS-SPME/GC/MS is a suitable technique for the determination of volatile compounds of rose oil and rose water.Keywords: Oil-bearing rose, Rosa damascena, HS-SPME/GC/MS, volatile compounds

Bazı kontrollü salınımlı gübrelerin ve uygulama metotlarının İtalyan çimi (Lolium multiflorum)’nin gelişimi üzerine etkisi

The fertilizer applied to the soil is affected by many factors depending on the nutrient element until it will be dissolved and taken up by plants. Controlled release fertilizers (CRF) have been developed as a new technology to increase the efficiency of fertilizers. In this study, effect of 5 different CRFs (115, 414, 715, 815, and 2415), which have similar characteristics in terms of N, P and K contents, and different application methods (incorporated or in the package) were determined on the development of the Italian ryegrass under controlled conditions. CRFs were incorporated or applied in the package to the ryegrass grown in pots filled with peat. In 4-month period starting from seed sowing, fertilizers and application methods were compared by determining the total weight loss occurred in fertilizers over time, total loss in fertilizer nutrient content, total fresh and dry biomass produced per unit fertilizer, and the total amount of nutrients removed by biomass per pot. As a result, while the weight loss was the least in 414 (29.90%) and 815 (15.03%), their biomasses were the highest. It was determined that the effectiveness of both fertilizers is higher than the others. According to total biomass produced per unit fertilizer, 815 came to the fore with an open gap. Incorporating was more effective in terms of application method. 815 and incorporating method were recommended for plant in container-grown and having with a long-life cycle. © 2020, Centenary University. All rights reserved

Chemical investigation on Rose damascena Mill. Volatiles; effects of storage and drying conditions [Badanie chemiczne olejków lotnych w Rosa damascena Mill.; wplyw warunków przechowywania i suszenia]

The oil bearing rose (Rosa damascena) is the most important rose species in terms of fragrances and flavourings. Due to the very short blooming period and excessive amount of flowers, considerable amount of the rose flowers wait for a long time until distillation. There are losses of essential oil yield and quality use of before waited petals. The cold storage and drying applications may be alternative method for evaluate of excessive amount of flowers. Therefore in this study it was aimed to determine the effects of storage on cold (4°C) and room condition (25°C) and convective drying with different temperatures (40, 50 and 60°C) in terms of changes in volatile compositions of oil rose flowers based on direct hexane extraction. Totally 20 volatile compounds were identified in fresh, stored and dried rose petals. The detected compounds varied according to the various storage and drying conditions. It was determined that phenylethyl alcohol, citronellol, geranyl acetate, nonadecane were predominant compounds on all treatments. In the study, storing treatments led to increase on the percentage of oxygenated monoterpenes (OM) while drying treatments led to decrease on OM. It was determined that storing and drying treatments led to increase on the percentage of benzenoid compounds (BC) and aliphatic hydrocarbons (AH). © Copyright by Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Przyrodniczego w Lublinie, Lublin 2015

Badanie chemiczne olejków lotnych w Rosa damascena Mill.; Wpływ warunków przechowywania i suszenia

The oil bearing rose (Rosa damascena) is the most important rose species in terms of fragrances and flavourings. Due to the very short blooming period and excessive amount of flowers, considerable amount of the rose flowers wait for a long time until distillation. There are losses of essential oil yield and quality use of before waited petals. The cold storage and drying applications may be alternative method for evaluate of excessive amount of flowers. Therefore in this study it was aimed to determine the effects of storage on cold (4°C) and room condition (25°C) and convective drying with different temperatures (40, 50 and 60°C) in terms of changes in volatile compositions of oil rose flowers based on direct hexane extraction. Totally 20 volatile compounds were identified in fresh, stored and dried rose petals. The detected compounds varied according to the various storage and drying conditions. It was determined that phenylethyl alcohol, citronellol, geranyl acetate, nonadecane were predominant compounds on all treatments. In the study, storing treatments led to increase on the percentage of oxygenated monoterpenes (OM) while drying treatments led to decrease on OM. It was determined that storing and drying treatments led to increase on the percentage of benzenoid compounds (BC) and aliphatic hydrocarbons (AH).Róża damasceńska (Rosa damascena) jest najważniejszym gatunkiem róży w kategoriach aromatów i zapachów. Ze względu na krótki okres kwitnienia i dużą liczbę kwiatów, znaczna liczba kwiatów róży czeka przez długi czas na destylację. Oznacza to straty olejków lotnych oraz pogorszenie jakości. Składowanie w chłodni i suszenie może być alternatywną metodą. Niniejsze badanie miało na celu określenie wpływu przechowywania w chłodni (4°C) i w warunkach pokojowych (25°C) oraz suszenia konwekcyjnego w różnych temperaturach (40, 50 i 60°C) na zmiany składu olejków lotnych kwiatów róży damasceńskiej w oparciu o ekstrakcję heksanu. W świeżych, magazynowanych i suszonych płatkach róży zidentyfikowano w sumie 20 składników lotnych. Różniły się one w zależności o warunków przechowywania i suszenia. Stwierdzono, że alkohol fenyloetylowy, cytronelol, octan geranylu oraz nonadekan były głównymi składnikami w przypadku wszystkich zabiegów. W niniejszym badaniu przechowywanie spowodowało wzrost utlenionych monoterpenów (OM), natomiast suszenie prowadziło do spadku OM. Stwierdzono, że zabiegi przechowywania i suszenia prowadzą do wzrostu zawartości składników benzenoidowych (BC) oraz węglowodorów alifatycznych (AH)

Determination of volatile compounds of the first rose oil and the first rose water by HS-SPME/GC/MS techniques

Background: Rose water and rose oil are used in the perfume, cosmetic, pharmaceutical and food industries. The determination of volatile compounds in rose oil and rose water obtained from oil-bearing rose is highly important in terms of availability in the industry and in human health. Materials and Methods: Twenty four and twenty six volatile compounds were determined in the first rose oil and in the first rose water. Thus, in this study, volatile compounds in the first rose oil and first rose water have been determined by HS-SPME/GC/MS (Headspace-Solid Phase Micro Extraction/Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry) techniques which were not published previously for determining volatile compounds in rose oil and rose water. Results: Twenty four and twenty six volatile compounds were found in the first rose oil and in the first rose water, respectively. It was further discovered that both first rose oil and first rose water are rich in oxygenated monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes, with a third group of volatile compounds known as aliphatic hydrocarbons being found only in first rose oil. Citronellol contents of the first rose oil and rose water were found to be 43.40% and 40.13% respectively, whereas geraniol contents were 11.81% and 15.97%, respectively. Conclusion: These findings suggest that HS-SPME/GC/MS is a suitable technique for the determination of volatile compounds of rose oil and rose water. © 2015, African Ethnomedicines Network. All rights reserved