Preliminary investigation of seawater intrusion into inland through Acisu Creek in Antalya, Turkey

Seawater intrusion especially in sea front areas may have negative impacts on either water table level and groundwater quality or soil salinity. For example, in some places at South basin of Acisu Creek, groundwater electrical conductivity (ECw) reaches to ECw value of the seawater. In this study, possible seawater intrusion into inland throughout Acisu Creek, variability and existence of trends in ECw, pH and nitrate (NO3) were investigated. For this purpose, two water samplings in June and July 2010 were realized from center line of Acisu Creek throughout 10 km longitudinal-section from creek mouth to spring with an average of each 200 m. Water samples were taken at 50 cm depth in both sampling and at 100, 150 and 200 cm depths after 8.6 km away from the creek mouth in the second sampling only. Average ECw value of 4.70 dS/m was obtained for 10 km longitudinalsection of Acisu Creek. Throughout the Creek, strong decreased trends were obtained for ECw values either in June or July. Electrical conductivity values were less than 3 dS/m after about 6.5 km away from the creek mouth while it was 44.20 dS/m at the point that Acisu Creek flows into Mediterranean Sea. In addition to these, it was found that even at the farthermost point of the study area from the creek mouth, salinities of the water at 200 cm depths from water surface were same as ECw of the seawater. There were weakly increased trends for pH and NO3 values in June but no statistically significant increasing or decreasing behaviors in July. Obtained evidences show that there is high level of seawater intrusion into the inland throughout Acisu Creek

Body mass index and complications following major gastrointestinal surgery: A prospective, international cohort study and meta-analysis

Aim Previous studies reported conflicting evidence on the effects of obesity on outcomes after gastrointestinal surgery. The aims of this study were to explore the relationship of obesity with major postoperative complications in an international cohort and to present a metaanalysis of all available prospective data. Methods This prospective, multicentre study included adults undergoing both elective and emergency gastrointestinal resection, reversal of stoma or formation of stoma. The primary end-point was 30-day major complications (Clavien–Dindo Grades III–V). A systematic search was undertaken for studies assessing the relationship between obesity and major complications after gastrointestinal surgery. Individual patient meta-analysis was used to analyse pooled results. Results This study included 2519 patients across 127 centres, of whom 560 (22.2%) were obese. Unadjusted major complication rates were lower in obese vs normal weight patients (13.0% vs 16.2%, respectively), but this did not reach statistical significance (P = 0.863) on multivariate analysis for patients having surgery for either malignant or benign conditions. Individual patient meta-analysis demonstrated that obese patients undergoing surgery formalignancy were at increased risk of major complications (OR 2.10, 95% CI 1.49–2.96, P < 0.001), whereas obese patients undergoing surgery for benign indications were at decreased risk (OR 0.59, 95% CI 0.46–0.75, P < 0.001) compared to normal weight patients. Conclusions In our international data, obesity was not found to be associated with major complications following gastrointestinal surgery. Meta-analysis of available prospective data made a novel finding of obesity being associated with different outcomes depending on whether patients were undergoing surgery for benign or malignant disease