26 research outputs found
Impact of transformational leadership on work performance, burnout and social loafing: a mediation model
The aim of this research was to study the effect of transformational leadership on employees’ work outcomes which include their work performances and working burnout, and their working behavior such as social loafing at workplace. Also, it studies the impact of intrinsic motivation as a mediator between transformational leadership and other stated variables. A cross-sectional survey was conducted to collect data from 308 employees working in the telecommunication sector. To test the hypotheses, Model 4 of Process Hayes was used to test direct and mediating effects among transformational leadership and employees’ work outcomes and working behavior. The results showed that transformational leadership has a significant positive relationship with mediator intrinsic motivation. The results also concluded that work performance has positive significant relationship with transformational leadership. However, there is indirect and insignificant relationship of transformational leadership with working burnout and social loafing. Therefore, it can be stated that organizational leaders must have transformational attributes by getting informed of their employees well because transformational leader can inspire employees to achieve anticipated or significant outcomes. It gives employees self-confidence over specific jobs, as well as the power to make decisions once they have been trained
Highlighting the Sound Shift in Punjabi Language: A Corpus-Based Descriptive Study
Punjabi language is most widely spoken language of Pakistan (Abbas, Chohan, Ahmed, & Kaleem, 2016). Punjabi is under developed language because of which, upcoming generations are shifting to other technically and digitally developed languages such as Urdu and English. In result of which, the sound shift is being observed in Punjabi language. Sounds which used to be present in the past in Punjabi language are found missing now. This leads to a problematic situation that this sound shift may result in language extinction and sound loss. This study is about the sound change and it has been studied in Punjabi language. On the basis of observation of speech in surrounding, researcher made a hypothesis that those speakers of Punjabi language who acquired Punjabi as L1 are able to produce few distinctive sounds that are not produced by the speakers who acquired Urdu as a mother tongue. For this purpose, a corpus of 2 million words was collected and the words including the sounds |n|ن  and |l| ل were particularly shortlisted from the corpus. The speakers from both origins were asked to pronounce these words, the hypothesis was proved and, in result, variations in the pronunciation of sounds were observed. Sociolinguists and Phonologists need to heed on this issue to save Punjabi language from extinction
Highlighting the Sound Shift in Punjabi Language: A Corpus-Based Descriptive Study
Punjabi language is most widely spoken language of Pakistan (Abbas, Chohan, Ahmed, & Kaleem, 2016). Punjabi is under developed language because of which, upcoming generations are shifting to other technically and digitally developed languages such as Urdu and English. In result of which, the sound shift is being observed in Punjabi language. Sounds which used to be present in the past in Punjabi language are found missing now. This leads to a problematic situation that this sound shift may result in language extinction and sound loss. This study is about the sound change and it has been studied in Punjabi language. On the basis of observation of speech in surrounding, researcher made a hypothesis that those speakers of Punjabi language who acquired Punjabi as L1 are able to produce few distinctive sounds that are not produced by the speakers who acquired Urdu as a mother tongue. For this purpose, a corpus of 2 million words was collected and the words including the sounds |n|ن and |l| ل were particularly shortlisted from the corpus. The speakers from both origins were asked to pronounce these words, the hypothesis was proved and, in result, variations in the pronunciation of sounds were observed. Sociolinguists and Phonologists need to heed on this issue to save Punjabi language from extinction
Comparative Efficacy of Insecticides against Cabbage Aphid Brevicoryne Brassicae, A Pest of Oilseed Rape, Brassica napus (L.) under Controlled Conditions
Rapeseed and mustard is the same group of oilseed crops (Brassica sp.) as well as a significant source of edible oil in Pakistan. The cabbage aphid, Brevicoryne brassicae is considered a major insect pest of oilseed rape, Brassica napus L. and causes significant yield loss. An experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design (CRD) consisting of four insecticidal treatments i.e. Confidor 200 SL (imidacloprid), Mospilan 20 SP (acetamiprid), Arrivo (cypermethrin), Triazophos 40 EC (triazophos) at low to high concentrations along with control treatment to estimate the efficacy of canola leaves against aphid population. Among all insecticide applications of cypermethrin and acetamiprid were found highly effective applied at higher concentrations throughout the experiment as compared to imidacloprid and triazophos, indicating consistent mortality at high and medium concentrations. Taking together, insecticides cypermethrin and acetamiprid were recommended to control aphid infestation based on their residual activity, yield response, and rate of marginal return. This study gives directions to control aphid infestation on a quick basis at a larger scale
Potential of siRNA-Bearing Subtilosomes in the Treatment of Diethylnitrosamine-Induced Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Therapeutics, based on small interfering RNA (siRNA), have demonstrated tremendous potential for treating cancer. However, issues such as non-specific targeting, premature degradation, and the intrinsic toxicity of the siRNA, have to be solved before they are ready for use in translational medicines. To address these challenges, nanotechnology-based tools might help to shield siRNA and ensure its specific delivery to the target site. Besides playing a crucial role in prostaglandin synthesis, the cyclo-oxygenase-2 (COX-2) enzyme has been reported to mediate carcinogenesis in various types of cancer, including hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). We encapsulated COX-2-specific siRNA in Bacillus subtilis membrane lipid-based liposomes (subtilosomes) and evaluated their potential in the treatment of diethylnitrosamine (DEN)-induced hepatocellular carcinoma. Our findings suggested that the subtilosome-based formulation was stable, releasing COX-2 siRNA in a sustained manner, and has the potential to abruptly release encapsulated material at acidic pH. The fusogenic property of subtilosomes was revealed by FRET, fluorescence dequenching, content-mixing assay, etc. The subtilosome-based siRNA formulation was successful in inhibiting TNF-α expression in the experimental animals. The apoptosis study indicated that the subtilosomized siRNA inhibits DEN-induced carcinogenesis more effectively than free siRNA. The as-developed formulation also suppressed COX-2 expression, which in turn up-regulated the expression of wild-type p53 and Bax on one hand and down-regulated Bcl-2 expression on the other. The survival data established the increased efficacy of subtilosome-encapsulated COX-2 siRNA against hepatocellular carcinoma
Career and Skills Recommendations using Data Mining Technique: Matching Right People for Right Profession, in Pakistani Context
There are a number of recommendation systems available on the internet for the help of jobseekers. These systems only generate job recommendations for people on the basis of input entered by user. The problem observed in Pakistani people is they are not clear in which field they should start or switch working. Before searching and applying for a job, one should be clear about his/her profession and important skills regarding selected profession. Based on above issues, there is a need to design such a system that can overcome the problem of profession selection and skills suggestions so that it can be easy for a jobseeker to apply for a specific job. In this research, the problem which is discussed above is resolved by proposing a model by using Association Rules Mining, a data mining technique. In this model, professions are recommended to job seekers by matching the profile of applicant or job seeker with those persons who have same profile like educational background, professional skills and the type of jobs which they are doing. The data collected for this research itself is a major contribution as we collected it from different sources. We will make this data publically available for others so that they can use for further research
ANALYSIS OF ADJECTIVES IN NOVELS ACROSS GENDER: A CORPUS-BASED STUDY
In the field of linguistics, it is well known that language varies on the basis of culture, region, and gender. The goal of this study is to find out the variations in language use among the novelists. The usage of adjectives by the novelists main concern of the study. Adjectives serve a vital function in describing nouns and pronouns in both subjective and objective contexts. Furthermore, they include the facts to improve the effectiveness of the writing. Researchers used quantitative and qualitative methodologies to analyse four novels by male and female authors. The researchers obtained quantitative variance as a consequence of employing the Antconc corpus analysis tool, and the data was tagged using the CLAWS POS tagger. There have been differences in the gender-based examination of books. After examining the distinctions in adjectives found in the works, it is concluded that masculine dominance in society is more powerful and holds more authority than feminine dominance. Females, on the other hand, have a delicacy and compassionate nature that makes them more courteous and sensitive; this is what distinguishes masculine and feminine compositions. Females are more delicate as a result, which is why they employ adjectives so frequently
Impact of transformational leadership on work performance, burnout and social loafing: A mediation model
The aim of this research was to study the effect of transformational leadership on employees' work outcomes which include their work performances and working burnout, and their working behavior such as social loafing at workplace. Also, it studies the impact of intrinsic motivation as a mediator between transformational leadership and other stated variables. A cross-sectional survey was conducted to collect data from 308 employees working in the telecommunication sector. To test the hypotheses, Model 4 of Process Hayes was used to test direct and mediating effects among transformational leadership and employees' work outcomes and working behavior. The results showed that transformational leadership has a significant positive relationship with mediator intrinsic motivation. The results also concluded that work performance has positive significant relationship with transformational leadership. However, there is indirect and insignificant relationship of transformational leadership with working burnout and social loafing. Therefore, it can be stated that organizational leaders must have transformational attributes by getting informed of their employees well because transformational leader can inspire employees to achieve anticipated or significant outcomes. It gives employees self-confidence over specific jobs, as well as the power to make decisions once they have been trained
Association of adverse neonatal outcome with biomass fuel use
Background: Evidence has emerged which suggests that indoor air pollution resulting from biomass fuel combustion in developing countries may, apart from chronic bronchitis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and lung cancer, also increase the risk of asthma, middle ear infection in children, and tuberculosis, nasopharyngeal and laryngeal cancer, and cataract in adults. Significant findings, although through fewer studies, are being observed recently regarding the association of low birth weight, neonatal mortality with biomass fuel use. Biomass provides 32% of all the primary energy use in India at present, which may bring significant adverse impacts on human health. In this backdrop, the present study was initiated to explore the effect of biomass fuel use on adverse neonatal outcome.
Methods: This hospital-based prospective study was carried out during March 2014–December 2015 in Medical College and Hospital, Kolkata, India. This study included 609 subjects and compared adverse neonatal outcome with normal outcome in relation to fuel use characteristics.
Results: This study observed that low birth weight, lesser head circumference, neonatal death, less developed genitalia, and need to stay at nursery was more frequent with mothers using biomass fuel. Significantly increased risk of “low birth weight” (risk ratio [RR] 1.78, 95% confidence interval [CI]; 1.11–3.64) and “need of newborn to stay in neonatal care unit” (RR 1.82, 95% CI; 1.08–4.06) was observed in biomass fuel users after adjusting for age of mother, type of residence, age at marriage, and hemoglobin level of the mother at last trimester.
Conclusions: This study observed a significant association between biomass fuel use and adverse neonatal outcomes such as low birth weight and stay in neonatal care unit. Observation of the study not only highlighted the need of a proper preventive measure in the form of an intervention device but also pointed out the fact that elevating the level of education among women may suitably contribute in effective control of the problem