N,N′-Dibutyl-N,N,N′,N′-tetra­methyl­ethane-1,2-diaminium μ-oxido-bis­[trichloridoferrate(III)]

The asymmetric unit of the title compound, (C14H34N2)[Fe2Cl6O], contains one complete cation, two half-cations and two anions. The two half-cations are completed by crystallographic inversion symmetry. The FeIII atoms adopt fairly regular FeCl3O tetra­hedral geometries, although the bridging Fe—O—Fe bond angles differ significantly in the two anions, which both adopt an eclipsed conformation. In the crystal, the components are linked by C—H⋯Cl and C—H⋯O inter­actions

N,N,N′,N′-Tetra­methyl-N,N′-dipropyl­ethane-1,2-diaminium tetra­chlorido­cobaltate(II)

The crystal structure of the title compound, (C12H30N2)[CoCl4], is composed of discrete (C12H30N2)2+ cations and [CoCl4]2− anions. The asymmetric unit contains a half-cation and a half-anion. The atoms of the cation occupy general positions about an inversion centre, which is located at the midpoint of the central C—C bond. The Co atoms lie on a twofold rotation axis. The slightly distorted tetra­hedral coordination environment around the metal atom consists of two Cl atoms and their symmetry-related pairs

Application of ionic liquids and microwave activation in selected organic reactions

Abstract Ionic liquids and microwave heating have been studied in four different reactions namely esterifications, etherifications and ene and sulfonylation reactions. These techniques revealed several advantages over conventional methods. In esterification of alcohols with anhydrides in ionic liquid solvents, the low boiling acid by-product could be removed before product recovery. The acid by-product could be regenerated back to the anhydride. Similar or higher yields were observed from esterifications with acetic anhydride of carbohydrates than with conventional methods. Even cellulose and starch could be esterificated in ionic liquids in the homogenous phase. The etherification reaction in ionic liquid was challenging, due to the basic reaction conditions needed. 1-Methyl-3-butylimidazolium -cations ([BMIM]) could not be used in basic conditions. The new information was that [BMIM]-cation could not be used with epichlorohydrin. The ene reaction was carried out with microwave heating in various solvents. Ionic liquids could be used as a solvent, but the ene reaction between allyl benzene. The best results were obtained without additional solvent. The yields by using microwave heating were high and reaction times were relatively short. The sulfonylation reaction of aromatics could be catalyzed by metal bistriflimide complexes. Even chlorobenzene could be sulfonylated when Bi-complex was used as a catalyst. Ionic liquids could be used as a solvent, but sulfonylations were best carried out without additional solvents