Prediction of tool temperature during machining of Ti-6Al-4V alloy with atomization-based cutting fluid spray system

Atomization-based cutting fluid (ACF) spray system is being sought as an alternative to cooling processes currently used for machining difficult-to-cut materials such as Ti-6Al-4V alloy. The ACF spray system generates a stream of monodispersed droplets of cutting fluid which then gets mixed in a high-velocity gas flow to form a focused axisymmetric jet of droplets. During machining, this jet is able to penetrate the small region of the tool-chip interface helping in lubrication and cooling of the interface. The advantage of the ACF spray system is that it requires very small amount of cutting fluid, which makes the system more energy efficient and environmentally friendly. It has been recently reported that ACF spray system improves machining performances including tool life and reduced temperature near the tool-chip interface in turning Ti-alloy. It is clear from these studies that the reduction in temperature and improvement in machining are mainly dependent on the interaction of the cutting fluid from the ACF spray system with the chip-tool interface. Therefore, it is imperative to have a physics-based understanding of the phenomena taking place at the interface that is responsible for the tool temperature reduction. In this study, a thermal model for the atomization-based cutting fluid (ACF) spray system is developed to predict the temperature of the cutting edge of the tool during machining of titanium alloys. In the model, film boiling is taken into account because of the high temperatures involved in turning of Ti-6Al-4V alloy. Due to film boiling a thin vapor film is formed between the heated tool surface and the droplet. Heat is being conducted away from the tool through this film. It is shown that the thermal model is able to predict the temperature reduction due to ACF spray cooling and the predicted temperature profile is comparable to the experimental results

Why Business Students Cheat? A study from Pakistan

Cheating incidence has been rampant in higher education for decades, and business graduates and undergraduates cheat more than any other majors. The aim of this study is to find out the most imperative reasons of academic misconduct behavior. This study is based on sample size of graduates and undergraduates of Department of Management Sciences, The Islamia University Bahawalpur, comparing means, standard deviation, skewness and kurtosis, to predict the influential variables which force them to cheat like peer pressure, family pressure, institutional policies for cheating, role of teachers, to show mastery on subject, to get high grades, opportunity for cheating, and perception that cheating is common part of life. Results found cheating rate increases due to perceived peer pressure, perceived low involvement of teachers for cheating, low understanding and enforcement of academic integrity, family pressure, and tough educational system. But, analysis results propose that perceived teacher role to prevent cheating is the most influential factor to modify this unethical behavior. Finally, this study offers some suggestions to deal with this ever increasing phenomenon from students and teachers prospective. Keywords: Student, Peer Pressure, Teacher Responsibility, Motivation, Family

Impact of television advertisement on unhealthy weight control behaviors and eating disorders: mediating role of body image

This research is conducted to analysis the impact of Television Advertisement on Unhealthy Weight Control Behaviors and Eating Disorder with the mediating role of Body Image. The research is conducted to analyze the mediating impact of body image satisfaction on the relation of other variables. This research is conducted from the urban population of Rawalpindi and Islamabad. A Total of 280 questionnaires were floated in the population, out of which 267 were received back. The data was analyzed by employing correlation dn regression analysis. The results showed that body image partially mediates the relationship between Television Advertisement and Unhealthy Weight Control Behaviors and fully mediate the relationship between Television Advertisement and Eating Disorder. This research will help marketers to analyze the dynamics of advertisement and also in understanding the negative outcomes of their certain practices

EWOM and brand awareness impact on consumer purchase intention: mediating role of brand image

The basic purpose of this research is to analyze the impact of electronic word of mouth (eWOM) and brand awareness on customer purchase intention with the mediating role of brand image. The research is conducted to analyze the full or partial role of mediator on the said relationship. This research is basically conducted on customers of mobile users of Rawalpindi and Islamabad. To check this relationship a total of 300 questionnaires were floated in four universities of twin cities, of which 262 questionnaires with a response rate of 87.33% were received back on which mediation analysis has been performed. The results show full mediating impact of brand image on Electronic Word of Mouth (eWOM) and customer purchase intention relationship, while partial mediating role of brand image on relationship of brand awareness and customer purchase intention has been observed. This research will help marketers in implementing better marketing techniques for boosting customers purchase intention

Perceived Barriers Towards Adoption Of Internet Banking Among Non-Metropolitan Internet Users Of Pakistan

Internet banking is a vital component of E-banking flourished rapidly in developed countries unlike developing countries. This paper provides recommendations for the banks offering internet services after examining the barriers in adoption of internet banking perceived by the active internet users living in non-metropolitan areas of Pakistan. Various, significantly perceived barriers identified by previous studies are presented after an extensive literature review in order to form a basis for developing questionnaire and comparing the findings. Data were collected from 520 customers of the banks offering internet services. The respondent’s selection criteria was being active internet user and living in non-metropolitan area of Pakistan. Findings show that the loss of personal service and one to one relationship with bankers, low perceived value of internet banking as compared to traditional banking and lack of knowledge, information are perceived to be the most significant barriers in adoption of internet banking among respondents. Unlike other studies lack of security, risk of hacking, fear of incomplete transactions and high financial risks are perceived to be moderately significant barriers. The study recommends that the banks should identify the information needs of the customers and establish the effective information channels to communicate the benefits and uses of internet banking services and develop long term relationship

Comparison of Maize Hybrids for Production of Quality Fodder and Silage in Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan

Fodder crops have to compete with those of field crops, and the majority of farmers are smallholders in the circumstances of Pakistan. Therefore, this study was planned to search for the best maize hybrid which would serve dual purposes, i.e. for grain production as well as its later usage as fodder and silage. So, seven maize hybrids most commonly grown in the vicinity were selected and compared for their forage production. Maize hybrids were sown on ridges followed by all cultural operations as carried out by farmers. At harvest, plant morphological parameters were measured before ensiling the whole maize plant. For ensiling, fodder was harvested and chopped into 3-4 cm long discs using a chaff cutter. The fodder was then transferred to plastic jars, pressed hard to remove air, sealed, and kept airtight for 40 days. Samples were taken after the ensiling period and subjected to different quantity and quality parameters. It was observed that Monsanto DK-6789 showed the best performance in agronomic; plant height at harvest, number of leaves per plant, dry weight per plant, fresh forage yield at harvest, and dry matter yield, and quality parameters; crude protein, fiber, and total ash percentage. DK-6789 also showed superiority in lactic acid, pH, dry matter, crude protein, neutral detergent fiber, acid detergent fiber, hemicellulose, and cellulose. Therefore, this maize hybrid may be recommended for grain production in the irrigated areas, while its leftovers can be utilised as forage or ensiled for quality silage

Sialkot Chamber of Commerce & Industries: a prestigious example of CSR

This paper makes contribution to the literature by examining the role of corporate social responsibility and chamber of commerce for the growth and development of industry and local community. It sketches an investigative structure that incorporate insight from the corporate social responsibility and chamber of commerce literature with the purpose to investigate- what are different social responsible activities undertaken by the Sialkot chamber of commerce to strengthen the industry and social sector. The research was carried out through secondary data, as well as, making some interviews with chambers members, businessmen and people belong to local community. This paper has found that SCCI has played phenomenal role in the local community, and initiated and supported various projects and plans, some of them are Sialkot international airport, dry port, city package for roads and infrastructure development in Sialkot, elimination of child program, Sialkot business and commerce center, Sialkot export processing zone, Sialkot public school, sports industries development center, Sialkot tanneries zone, and study seerat center. SCCI is the most effective and active chamber of Pakistan. Even all the world, there would be few examples that has so appreciably converted its locality of influence in terms of infrastructure and scope of societal wellbeing. This paper contributes by highlighting the importance of chamber by performing corporate social responsibility and its strong positive impact on industry and people of Sialkot. It is also prime example public-private relationship as well as for the other chambers and institution of Pakistan to take responsibility and make better and happy world. The limitations of this paper are a lot dependence on secondary data and its focus on only positive achievements of SCCI. The future research can look at this success by involving all the stakeholders who have been benefited or not, as well as, conducted and investigated empirical research to measure the impact of these projects on business and citizens of Sialkot. Key Words: Corporate social responsibility, Sialkot Chamber of commerce, achievements and success,      child labor, Pakistan

Sustainable growth rate, corporate value of US firms within capital and labor market distortions: The moderating effect of institutional quality

Research background: Understanding how distortions in capital and labor markets affect corporate value and sustainable growth is crucial in today's economy. These distortions can disrupt resource allocation and economic sustainability. Additionally, the role of institutional quality in shaping these dynamics requires thorough exploration.Purpose of the article: We quantify the effect of capital and labor market distortions on corporate value and sustainable growth rate (SGR) and how this association is moderated by institutional quality.Methods: Stemming from the sample criteria, we calibrated a final sample of 1971 United States-listed manufacturing firms for 2012–2022. This research offers insights into market inefficiencies and institutional effects. Progressing towards objectives, we use advanced techniques like feasible generalized least squares and generalized methods of moments. These methods help us rigorously analyze complex relationships among study variables.Findings & value added: Three key findings emerge: first, capital and labor market distortions have a negative and significant influence on corporate value and sustainable growth. Our primary finding implies that increasing distortions significantly reduce sustainable growth's value and potential. Second, we find institutional quality has a positive significant effect on corporate value and sustainable growth. Third, institutional quality positively moderates the association between capital and labor market distortions, corporate value, and sustainable growth. Findings suggest that institutional quality, as a potential mechanism, improves the efficiency of resource allocation and optimizes the sustainable economic system to lessen the negative effect of factor market distortions on corporate value and SGR. Besides, we conduct robustness checks to validate our findings. Finally, we offer policymakers and stakeholders actionable insights

Firm climate change risk and financial flexibility: Drivers of ESG performance and firm value

This study investigates how a firm's climate change risk (FCCR) and financial flexibility (FIFL) affect its value and environmental, social, and governance (ESG) performance. We use data from publicly listed US firms for 2012–2021. We employed four estimation methods: bootstrap quantile regression, feasible generalised least squares, a generalised method of moments, and fixed effects with Driscoll-Kraay standard errors. Our main findings indicate that climate change risk has a negative effect on firm value and a positive effect on ESG performance and that financial flexibility moderates these effects by reducing risk and enhancing value. These results are robust against alternative measures and estimation techniques. Our study provides novel insights into the influence of climate risk and financial flexibility on firm value and ESG performance. We also discuss the implications of our results for academics, practitioners, and policymaker