Effects of variable resistance on smart structures of cubic reconnaissance satellites in various thermal and frequency shocking conditions

Piezoelectric materials are widely used as smart structures in cubic reconnaissance satellites because of their sensing, actuating, and energy-harvesting abilities. In this study, an analytical model is developed in specific mechanical thermal shocking conditions. A special circuit and apparatus is designed for experimentation on the basis of the inverse piezoelectric effect. An equivalent circuit method is used to establish the relationship between the resistance and peak-to-peak voltage of lead zirconate titanate used as smart materials for cubic reconnaissance satellites. Various frequencies and resistance were applied in different mechanical thermal shocking conditions. Moreover, numerical simulations are conducted in various mechanical loading conditions to determine the accumulative effect. The model provides a novel mechanism to characterize the smart structures in cubic reconnaissance satellites. A rise in temperature increases peak-to-peak voltage; a rise in frequency decreases peak-to-peak voltage; and intensified resistance decreases peak-to-peak voltage. Based on experimentation and simulation, the optimum resistance is predicted for the various frequencies and temperatures. The various conditions may correspond to the different applications of smart structures for cubic reconnaissance satellites. The analytical calculations are in good agreement with experimental and numerical calculations. © 2017, The Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers and Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany

A Model; Road Map to Achieve Sustainable Development Goals 2030 Realizing Your Potential a Proposed Guidelines for National Health Policy for Integrated Health Care Delivery

The goals that are set for 2030 regarding sustainable Development are a wakeup call to action that reforms should be made to end poverty, protect the planet and ensure health for all and everywhere. The needs to review and reprioritize the use of existing resources in the health sector along with significant addition and allocation of resources for health should be focusing more on primary health care. Pakistan must also adopt a holistic integrated approach that views health, education, and other social sector development as intrinsically interrelated and interwoven.Most of the patients in Pakistan visit two to three general practitioner / family physicians to rule out and to know the exact diagnosis of their ailment. This increases the frequency of visits to the other physicians and decreases follow up and compliance concerning to the treatment provided. Another Important concern is record maintenance as most of the time patient loss their important notes/ reports. So to streamline these all patient record as well as provision of safe treatment and referral if any needed in the region he is residing are the main purpose; this will decrease patient load to Private as well as public sector health units and will decrease the unnecessary movement of patients. The Unique Model by Using the latest Technology has evolved by putting the Communication, Coordination in a synchronization pattern and by keeping the health care provider and client in a centralized position. This will integrate all levels of family Physicians; centralize the patient registration Mechanism in Pakistan. This will regulate Screenings & Surveillance of Communicable and Non communicable Diseases thus support the District Health Administration to keep an eagle eye to monitor disease prevalence and incidence.This will work in coordination with Primary secondary and specialized healthcare; Tertiary health care units Public Sector.The efficient and effective Decrease the Chronicity, Resistance and Poor Compliance OBJECTIVES: To strengthen the feedback and Reporting System in Pakistan. To Improve Tracking System, Patient’s Health Care, Surveillance, Coordination, Team Facilitation & Integration hence help in policy development METHODOLOGY: This will be a unique Web Portal System with customized features The integrated model will be configured and synchronized; based on integrated, self-regulated concept. It’s all sections shall be interconnected and reports will be auto generated after a concrete analysis and Produce comparative results instantly. RESULTS: Rapid communication and Instant strategies policies to improve patient’s health care, by improving the surveillance & tracking system in Pakistan CONCLUSIONS: The “Integration Model For Pre & Post Epidemic Communication, Strategies will help to Improve Tracking System, Patient’s Health Care, Surveillance, Coordination, Team Facilitation as well as strengthening the feedback and Reporting System In Pakistan”. This will also help the District Health Authority & District Administration for proper and appropriate measures to initiate

A Viewpoint on Clinical Approach towards Assessment of Chronic Shoulder Pain

  The shoulder joint offers a wide range of motion and therefore pathologies leading to restriction of its movements affect the routinely performed activities. Symptoms of the shoulder pathologies are often overlapping and usually are not specific to certain pathology. However, as discussed in this manuscript, with a targeted history, still a diagnostic algorithm can be made which can then be further guided by related clinical examination and appropriate investigations to conclude a diagnosis. &nbsp

Navigating The Landscape Of Innovation & Entrepreneurship In Pakistan: A Review

This article's abstract explores the concepts of innovation and entrepreneurship and how they work together to promote economic progress. Despite its challenges, Pakistan may prosper in these fields thanks to its large and growing market, skilled labour force, and supportive political environment. However, for innovation and entrepreneurship to live up to their potential, several problems need to be resolved, including bureaucracy and corruption, poor intellectual property protection, inadequate research and development, and limited access to capital. In the medical device industry, innovation and entrepreneurship may drive progress as new technologies and opportunities for expansion and improvement can be developed. Getting finance, negotiating legal and regulatory environments, managing new trends and technologies, The potential for coordinated effort and organisation, and laying the basis for a flourishing enterprising biological system in Pakistan are points shrouded in this article. The article makes various significant proposals for Pakistani entrepreneurs who must work on their odds of coming out on top, including making a strong marketable strategy, finding finance sources, interfacing with others and cooperating, using innovation, and being versatile. Pakistan can lead the way nearby for advancement and business, setting the way for monetary development and improvement, with continuous endeavours and participation. Keywords: Innovation, Entrepreneurship, Economic growth, venture, Value, Workforce,  Research and development, Medical device, Networking, Technology, Adaptability, Success

Thermodynamical Analysis of the Flow and Heat Transfer over a Static and a Moving Wedge

The first and second law characteristics of fluid flow and heat transfer over a static and a moving wedge are investigated. With the help of suitable similarity transformations, the governing boundary layer equations for the velocity and temperature fields are transformed into ordinary differential equations and are solved numerically. The velocity and the temperature profiles are obtained for various parameters and are utilized to compute the entropy generation number Ns and the Bejan number Be. The effects of various physical parameters on the entropy generation number and the Bejan number are depicted through graphs and are discussed qualitatively. It is observed that the entropy production rate is less in case of wedge moving in the opposite direction to flow as compared to static wedge.</jats:p

Sustainable Development of Chitral: A CPEC Perspective

The vision of sustainable growth of any community or region cannot be materialized unless provided with equitable socio-economic opportunities with environmentally friendly conditions. In the mountains of Hindukush, Chitral has remained significantly important from a geographic and strategic perspective. The piece of land in the extreme north of Pakistan is blessed with numerous natural resources and it is also a gateway to Central Asia. This valley is surrounded by rugged mountains, due to neglect and lack of land connection with the main country it has been deprived of the required development. The construction of the China Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC), an alternative passage through Chitral will bring economic opportunities through investment in different sectors. With the materialization of the CPEC route, the potential in the valley will be explored and utilized for the betterment of the country in the broader spectrum and the local economy will strengthen as well. The opening of this trade route will not only change the economic landscape of the valley but will change the sociology of the area. This mega venture along with economic opportunities will also generate challenges for the indigenous community. Expected opportunities will attract more businessmen and investors from outside. This migration process will open the door to social transformation along with challenges not only from an economic perspective but an indigenous cultural heritage of the society will be endangered. Only an inclusive and integrated development stratagem with the involvement and support of all stakeholders will lead to the sustainable economic growth of the valley. Further, the people-centric development approach will bring economic opportunities for the people, otherwise, there will be more challenges than opportunities. This research work has been conducted to investigate the expected challenges threatening sustainable growth of the community and region. Furthermore, it suggests policy guidelines based on empirical evidence for curtailing those challenges.&nbsp

Anomalous origin of the left coronary artery from the pulmonary artery: A surgical certainty

This study aims to assess the clinical presentation and the outcomes of a surgical correction of an anomalous origin of the left coronary artery from the pulmonary artery (ALCAPA). A retrospective review was carried out on the charts of six patients admitted for ALCAPA surgery at Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi from March 2017 to May 2018.Dyspnoea, palpitation, poor feeding, fatiguability, pallor and a murmur of mitral regurgitation were the main presenting features. The pre-operative median left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) was 64%. Coronary reimplantation was performed in all the patients with a mitral valve repair being done in only one patient. The mea n LV EF was 66 .3%,p ost- ope rativel y. Mitra l regurgitation (MR) improved in patients post-operatively with trace in 2 patients and mild MR in one. Surgical correction by coronary re-implantation yields favourable outcomes in ALCAPA and significantly reduces the morbidity and mortality rates associated with the disease

Augmented reality is the new digital banking – AR brand experience impact on brand loyalty

Purpose – Consumers are engaging with novel technologies to have better experiences. The current study investigates the banking consumer brand experience from the perspective of augmented reality (AR). Mobile augmented reality applications in financial institutions provide a pleasurable and immersive experience. The study' highlights the use of the mobile augmented reality (MAR) applications by a bank in Pakistan and its impact on consumer loyalty and continuous intention keeping in view the AR brand experience. Design/Methodology/approach – We conducted a comparative study between married and unmarried consumers with sample sizes of 178 and 172, respectively. The results were analysed through structural equation modelling using Smart -PLS. Findings – The study's outcomes show that AR brand experience for the unmarried sample category is positive and higher than a married one. This is an excellent opportunity for the banking sector in Pakistan to invest more in innovative technologies. Originality/Value – The current study investigates the brand experience in the banking sector from the perspective of AR technology which contributes to the AR literature

Results of Resection of Giant Pituitary Adenomas through Endoscopic Endonasal Approach

Background/Objective:&nbsp;&nbsp;A minimally invasive surgical method is in use to create endoscopic transsphenoidal surgery. Because of the intricate dissection of the sellar region, surgical treatment of large pituitary adenomas is challenging. The study focused to determine the frequency of complications after endonasal endoscopic transsphenoidal resection of giant pituitary macroadenomas. Materials and Methods:&nbsp;&nbsp;A descriptive case series study was conducted at the Neurosurgical Department of Lahore General Hospital, Lahore. A total of 70 patients fulfilling the selection criteria were enrolled. Major vascular injury was noted when there is an injury to the internal carotid artery or cavernous sinus. After discharge, patients were followed-up in OPD for 3 months. After 3 months, patients were evaluated for CSF leak and vision. The presence of complications was recorded. During surgery, operative time was noted. Results:&nbsp;&nbsp;Mean age of patients was 55.7 ± 6.5 years. 45.71% of patients were male while the remaining 54.29% of patients were female Total of 41.43% of patients had disease &lt; 2 years, whereas the duration of surgery was ? 3 hours in 64.3% of patients. A total 15.71% had complications which included diabetes insipidus (8.57%), infections (5.71%), pituitary dysfunction (4.29%), CSF leak (2.8%) and vascular injury (1.43%). The mortality rate was 1.43%. Conclusion:&nbsp;&nbsp;The complication rate after endonasal endoscopic transsphenoidal resection of giant pituitary macroadenomas was high. Keywords:&nbsp;&nbsp;Endonasal Endoscopic, Transsphenoidal Resection, Pituitary Macroadenomas, Complication