Study of strange quark density fluctuations in Au+Au Collisions at sNN\sqrt{s_{NN}} = 7.7-200 GeV from AMPT Model

The strangeness production is an important observable to study the QCD phase diagram. The yield ratios of strange quark can be helpful to search for the QCD critical point and/or first order phase transition. In this work, we studied the production of $K^{\pm}$, $\Xi^-(\bar{\Xi}^{+})$, $\phi$ and $\Lambda (\bar \Lambda)$ in Au+Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 7.7, 11.5, 14.5, 19.6, 27, 39, 54.4, 62.4 and 200 GeV from A Multi-Phase Transport model with string melting version (AMPT-SM). We calculated the invariant yield of these strange hadrons using a different set of parameters reported in earlier studies and also by varying the hadronic cascade time ($t_{max}$) in the AMPT-SM model. We also calculated the yield ratios, $\mathcal{O}_{K^{\pm}-\Xi^{-}(\bar \Xi^{+})-\phi-\Lambda (\bar \Lambda)}$ which are sensitive to the strange quark density fluctuations and found that the AMPT-SM model fails to describe the non-monotonic trend observed by the STAR experiment. The negative particle ratio are found to be higher than the ratio of positive particles which is consistent with the experimental data. A significant effect is also seen on these ratios by varying the $t_{max}$. This study based on the transport model can be helpful to provide possible constraints as well as reference for the search of CEP in future heavy-ion experiments. Our findings suggest that the ongoing Beam Energy Scan program at RHIC and the future heavy-ion experiments will be able to find/locate the possible CEP in the QCD phase diagram which results large quark density fluctuations.Comment: 7 pages, 2 figure

Effect of hadronic cascade time on freeze-out properties of Identified Hadrons in Au+Au Collisions at sNN\sqrt{s_{NN}} = 7.7-39 GeV from AMPT Model

We report the transverse momentum $p_T$ spectra of identified hadrons ($\pi^\pm$, $K^\pm$ and $p(\bar p)$) in Au+Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 7.7 - 39 GeV from A Multi Phase Transport Model with string melting effect (AMPT-SM). During this study, a new set of parameters are explored to study the effect of hadronic cascade by varying hadronic cascade time $t_{max}$ = 30 $f$m/$c$ and 0.4 $f$m/$c$. No significant effect of this change is observed in the $p_T$ spectra of light hadrons and the AMPT-SM model reasonably reproduces the experimental data. To investigate the kinetic freeze-out properties the blast wave fit is performed to the $p_T$ spectra and it is found that the blast wave model describes the AMPT-SM simulations well. We additionally observe that the kinetic freeze-out temperature ($T_{kin}$) increases from central to peripheral collisions, which is consistent with the argument of short-lived fireball in peripheral collisions. Whereas the transverse flow velocity, shows a decreasing trend from central to peripheral collisions indicating a more rapid expansion in the central collisions. Both, $T_{kin}$ and show a weak dependence on the collision energy at most energies. We also observe a strong anti-correlation between $T_{kin}$ and $$. The extracted freeze-out parameters from the AMPT-SM simulations agree with the experimental data as opposed to earlier studies that reported some discrepancies. Whereas, no significant effect is found on the freeze-out parameters by varying the $t_{max}$. We also report the $p_T$ spectra of light hadrons and their freeze-out parameters by AMPT-SM simulations at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 14.5 GeV, where no experimental data is available for comparison. Overall, the set of parameters used in this study well describes the experimental data at BES energies.Comment: 12 pages, 7 figures, 2 table

Study of Baryon number transport using model simulations in pppp collisions at LHC Energies

We report on the excitation function of anti-baryon to baryon ratios ($\overline{p}/p$, {\alam /\lam} and {\axi / \xim}) in $pp$ collisions at {\sqrts} = 0.9, 2.76, 7 TeV from DPMJET-III, Pythia~8, EPOS~1.99, and EPOS-LHC model simulations. To study the predictions of these models at {\sqrts} = 13.6 TeV. The anti-baryon to baryon ratios are extremely important for the study of baryon number transport mechanisms. These ratios help determine the carriers of the baryon number and in the extraction of baryon structure information. Even though all models show a good agreement between model simulations and data, the ratios extracted from DPMJET-III model closely describes data at all energies. It is observed that these ratios converge to unity for various model predictions. This convergence also indicates that the anti-baryon to baryon ratios follow the mass hierarchy, such that the hyperon specie containing more strange quarks ({\alam /\lam} and {\axi / \xim}) approaches unity faster than specie containing fewer strange quarks ($\overline{p}/p$). It is also observed that the $\overline{B}/B$ ratio approaches unity more rapidly with the increase in {\sqrts} energy. At lower energies we observe an excess production of baryons over anti-baryons. However, this effect vanishes at higher energies due to the baryon-anti-baryon pair production and the baryon-anti-baryon yield becomes equal. Using model simulations, we additionally compute the asymmetry, (A\equiv\frac{N_{p}-N_{\bar{p}}}N_{p}+N_{\bar{p}}}) for protons. The asymmetry shows a decreasing trend with increase in energy from 0.9 to 7 TeV for all energies. This asymmetry trend is confirmed by model predictions at {\sqrts} = 13.6 TeV which will help to put possible constraints on model calculations at {\sqrts} = 13.6 TeV once the Run-III data for LHC becomes available.Comment: 14 pages, 8 figures, 2 table

Prognostic Indicators in Patients with Severe Head Injury: A 2 Year Retrospective Experience at Mayo Hospital, Lahore

Introduction: Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is an important public health care problem in the western world and equally being pandemic in the developing world. It is one of the most common causes of death in young adults and it can affect people’s lives enormously. Since many years the prognostic indicators of severe head injury had been field of research. Knowing the factors responsible for poor prognosis and preventing them outcome of severe head injury can be improved.Material and Methods: A retrospective study was conducted analyzing past records of the patients in department of Neurosurgery, Mayo Hospital from Nov 2011 to Nov 2013 with diagnosis of severe head injury (Glasgow Come Scale < 9). All patients except the patients with brain death, associated poly trauma, spinal injuries were excluded from the study. Total sample of 236 either managed conservatively or surgical and observed in Intensive care unit were study population. Prognosis was assessed with Glasgow Outcome Score (GOS) on or before (if patient expired before 30 days) 30 post admission day. Age, GCS, CT findings, Pupils were compared with GOS to find probable predictors of prognosis. GOS of less than 4 was regarded as poor prognosis. Categorical variables like GCS, pupils, CT findings were presented in the form of frequency (percentage) whereas continuous variables like age were presented in the form of mean ± SD and median (range). Association between GOS and probable prognostic indictors was seen by chi square test.Results: Out of 236 patients, 188 were male and 48 were female. Mean ± SD age of patient was 32.8 ± 14.6 years. Age group 15 – 45 years had maximum number of patients. Road traffic accident was major cause of severe head injury and majority had GCS 3 after resuscitation. More than half of the patient had bilaterally reactive pupils, 10% patient had post traumatic fits and half of the patients had features of base of skull fracture. 208 (8%) patient had abnormal CT findings. 30% patient on CT scan had closed cisterns and half of the patients has midline shift of 1.5 – 3 mm. More than 35% cases had surgical lesions over CT scan. Patients with age group < 15 years, GCS < 4, with closed cisterns, with surgical lesions and with midline shift of more than 3 mm had 30 day GOS < 4, which is regarded as poor prognostic marker.Conclusion: Prognosis in patient with severe head injury is determined by age, presenting post resuscitation GCS, mode of injury, CT findings and surgical lesions

Comparison of the efficacy of lotrafilcon B and comfilcon A silicone hydrogel bandage contact lenses after transepithelial photorefractive keratectomy

Background: At completion of transepithelial photorefractive keratectomy (t-PRK) surgery, the eye is usually fitted with a bandage contact lens to reduce discomfort and promote epithelial healing. This study aimed to compare the outcomes of eyes fitted with lotrafilcon B versus comfilcon A, silicone hydrogel bandage contact lenses after t-PRK for the correction of low to moderate myopia, with or without astigmatism. Methods: In this comparative, prospective study, patients with myopia < -6 D with or without astigmatism (< 1.75 D), who underwent t-PRK between January and June 2018, were randomly allocated to the lotrafilcon B and comfilcon A groups. Preoperative characteristics, including age, sex, eye treated, uncorrected visual acuity (UCVA), best-corrected visual acuity, mesopic pupil size, central corneal thickness, and refractive error were recorded. Postoperatively, pain score, UCVA, and corneal epithelial defect size on days 1, 4, and 7 were compared between the two groups. Results: Twenty-nine eyes were included in each group. Demographic characteristics and preoperative measurements were similar between the two groups. UCVA was significantly improved on day 7 as compared to day 1 in the comfilcon A group (P = 0.03), but remained the same in the lotrafilcon B group (P = 0.70) as on day 1 postoperatively. There was no significant difference in UCVA between the two groups at any follow-up visits (all P > 0.05). The pain score on the first postoperative day was significantly higher in the lotrafilcon B-fitted eyes than in the comfilcon A group (P < 0.001), but was significantly reduced in both groups compared to day 1 (both P < 0.001). The epithelial defect in the comfilcon A group was significantly greater than in the lotrafilcon B group (P < 0.001) at day 1 postoperatively, with significant improvement in both groups (both P < 0.001). Conclusions: Healing responses were better with lotrafilcon B than with comfilcon A bandage contact lenses. The patients had a greater mean pain score with lotrafilcon B than with comfilcon A lenses on the first postoperative day, yet the final outcome was comparable between the two groups. We did not encounter any postoperative complications related to contact lens wear

Re-structuring university hospital’s internship program using kern’s six-step model of Instructional design

Abstract Background: Internship is a phase of training wherein a graduate learns in the context of practice, acquiring skills under supervision so that he/she may become capable of functioning independently. We are reporting the process of curriculum restructuring for strengthening the Internship Program at this university hospital. Methodology: We used Kerns’ six-step model to evaluate and restructure the internship curriculum. Step 01: Problem Identification & General need assessment- Thorough literature review revealed Internship as the crucial year of training that needs to be fashioned around the competencies required to make good doctor

Differences in angiographic profile and immediate outcome of primary percutaneous coronary intervention in otherwise risk-free young male smokers

Introduction: Cigarette smoking is a well-established risk factor for the development and progression of coronary artery disease (CAD) and it is strongly related to cardiac morbidity and mortality. Therefore, this study aimed to compare the angiographic profile and immediate clinical outcomes in young male smokers and non-smokers without any other cardiac risk factors presented with ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI).Methods: This study includes young (≤40 years) male patients presented without cardiac risk factors other than smoking. Angiographic profile and immediate outcome of primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) were collected from the hospital database.Results: A total of 580 young male patients were included in this study, 51.2% (297) were smokers. Baseline characteristics and presentation were similar for smoker and non-smoker groups. Angiographic profile was not significantly different for smokers in terms of pre-procedure thrombolysis in myocardial infarction (TIMI) flow (p = 0.373), the number of vessels involved (p = 0.813), infarct-related artery (p = 0.834), and left ventricular dysfunction (p = 0.311). Similarly, in-hospital outcomes of primary PCI were not significantly different in smokers. Post-procedure no-reflow was in 3.4% vs. 2.8%; p = 0.708, acute stent thrombosis in 1.7% vs. 0.4%; p = 0.114 and in-hospital mortality in 1.0% vs. 1.4%; p = 0.657 of the smoker and non-smoker group, respectively.Conclusion: Our study concludes smoking has no significant impact on the angiographic profile and immediate clinical outcomes of primary PCI after STEMI in young males, without any other conventional cardiac risk factors. With these findings, further multicenter prospective studies are needed to identify other potential causes in such patients

Palm Oil Industry Competitiveness between Indonesia and Malaysia——Based on Generalized Double Diamond Model

目前，棕榈油已经成为全球需求最大的油脂，同时，它作为替代生物燃料也渐渐成为很多国家的战略资源。印尼和马来西亚共同主宰全球棕榈油市场，两国棕榈油的产出对世界食用油和生物燃料市场有巨大影响。因此，研究印尼、马来西亚棕榈油产业竞争力有重要的现实意义。 本文首先运用一般化双钻石模型对印尼、马来西亚棕榈油产业竞争力进行分析。首先通过对生产要素、国内外市场需求条件、相关及支持产业、企业结构，企业战略四个基本要素以及机遇和政府两个机动要素进行全面比较，接着从实证角度出发，运用显示比较优势指数和恒定市场份额两个指标对印尼、马来西亚棕榈油产业竞争力进行比较分析，最后进行总结。本文的主要观点如下： 第一、印尼...At present, palm oil has become the largest global edible oil. Meanwhile, as an alternative bio-fuel, it also gradually becomes the strategic resource in many countries. Both Indonesia and Malaysia dominate the global palm oil market. The output and structure of palm oil in these two countries have a huge impact on the global palm oil market. Therefore, it’s important to study the palm oil indust...学位：经济学硕士院系专业：南洋研究院_世界经济学号：2552008115226

Error management climate and job stress in project-based organizations: an empirical evidence from Pakistani aircraft manufacturing industry

Drawing on the JD-R model, this study examines the influence of error management climate (EMC) on the job stress of frontline aeronautical employees. It also analyzes the moderating role of psychological capital (PsyCap) dimensions (i.e., hope, optimism, self-efficacy, and resilience) for the relationship between error management climate and job stress. The data was collected from 208 individuals through a questionnaire survey and was analyzed using a partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) approach. The results revealed that employees’ perceptions of error management climate have a significant negative impact on job stress. PsyCap optimism and PsyCap self-efficacy were found to have a negative moderating influence on the relationship between EMC and job stress. The other two dimensions of hope and resilience were found to have a moderating influence in the same direction as expected, but not at statistically significant levels. The findings of this study provide a unique perspective in realizing the part national and organizational cultures could play in either enhancing or attenuating the influence of an individual’s psychological resources such as psychological capital

Context-Aware Data-Driven Intelligent Framework for Fog Infrastructures in Internet of Vehicles

Internet of Vehicles (IoV) is the evolution of VANET (Vehicular Ad-hoc Networks) and Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) focused on reaping the benefits of data generated by various sensors within these networks. The IoV is further empowered by a centralized cloud and distributed fog-based infrastructure. The myriad amounts of data generated by the vehicles and the environment have the potential to enable diverse services. These services can benefit from both variety and velocity of the generated data. This paper focuses on the data at the edge nodes to enable fog-based services that can be consumed by various IoV safety and non-safety applications. The paper emphasizes the challenges involved in offering the context-aware services in a IoV environment. In order to overcome these challenges, the paper proposes a data analytics framework for fog infrastructures at the fog layer of traditional IoV architecture that offers context-aware real time, near real-time and batch services at the edge of a network. Finall