Analysis of blood type for SARS-CoV-2 and correlation for disease acquisition in various sociodemographic groups including women of childbearing age.

BACKGROUND: Multiple studies have occurred to determine if a patient\u27s blood type, Rhesus factor (Rh), and sociodemographic attributes contribute to contracting SARS-CoV-2. True association remains unknown. METHODS: Inclusion criteria included in-patients who were tested for SARS-CoV-2 with blood type assessed. Study endpoints combined ABO, Rh and all-cause inpatient mortality (ACIM) with testing positivity. Pregnancy status was one of several secondary endpoints evaluated. A logistic regression analysis was used to estimate association. RESULTS: Of the 27,662 patients who met inclusion criteria, Type A blood was associated with increased positivity [1.01 (1.0-1.21), P = .03]. Type B [1.10 (0.99-1.23), P = .08] and AB [0.98 (0.81-1.19), P = .84] showed no association. When evaluating ACIM, type A [1.18 (0.91-1.52), P = .22], B [1.13 (0.82- 1.56), P = .480], and AB [1.06 (0.62-1.81), P = .839] were not associated with increased mortality. The female subgroup was less likely to test positive [0.88 (0.82-0.986), P = .002]. Black patients demonstrated a higher likelihood of positivity when compared to White [1.96 (1.79-2.14), P \u3c .001]. Non-pregnant women exhibited a 2.5 times greater likelihood of testing positive [2.49 (2.04-3.04), P \u3c .001]. CONCLUSIONS: This study confirms results of previous research which showed SARS-Co-V-2 positivity related to blood type. It also confirms more recent research demonstrating inequities related to acquisition of SARS-CoV-2 for certain sociodemographic groups. Larger studies are warranted to confirm and further explore novel pregnancy findings

Journal of Infectious Diseases

Texto completo: acesso restrito. P.519-527Background. Mucosal leishmaniasis (ML) is associated with exaggerated tumor necrosis factor–a and interferon- g responses and tissue destruction. ML follows localized cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) caused by Leishmania braziliensis infection. Interleukin (IL)–6 down-regulates T helper (Th) cell type 1 differentiation and drives Th2 cell differentiation. The IL6 174 G/C polymorphism is associated with proinflammatory diseases and IL-6 regulation. Methods. The 174 G/C polymorphism was genotyped in population samples and families with CL and ML from Brazil. Genotype frequencies were compared among patients with ML, patients with CL, and 2 control groups by logistic regression and family-based association test (FBAT) analysis. IL-6 levels were measured in macrophages. Results. The C allele was more common in patients with ML than in patients with CL (odds ratio [OR], 2.55 [95% confidence interval {CI}, 1.32–4.91]; Pp.005), than in patients who were leishmanin skin-test positive (OR, 2.23 [95% CI, 1.23–4.05]; Pp.009), and than in neighborhood control subjects (OR, 2.47 [95% CI, 1.24–4.90]; Pp.01). FBAT analysis confirmed an association between allele C and ML under both additive (zp4.295; Pp.000017) and dominant (zp4.325; Pp.000015) models. Significantly lower levels of IL-6 were measured in unstimulated macrophages from CC individuals than from GG individuals (Pp.003) as well as after stimulation with soluble leishmania antigen (Pp.009). Conclusions. IL-6 may regulate type 1 proinflammatory responses, putting individuals with low macrophage IL-6 levels at increased risk for ML