355 research outputs found
Equivelar and d-Covered Triangulations of Surfaces. I
We survey basic properties and bounds for -equivelar and -covered
triangulations of closed surfaces. Included in the survey is a list of the
known sources for -equivelar and -covered triangulations. We identify all
orientable and non-orientable surfaces of Euler characteristic
which admit non-neighborly -equivelar triangulations
with equality in the upper bound
. These
examples give rise to -covered triangulations with equality in the upper
bound . A
generalization of Ringel's cyclic series of neighborly
orientable triangulations to a two-parameter family of cyclic orientable
triangulations , , , is the main result of this
paper. In particular, the two infinite subseries and
, , provide non-neighborly examples with equality for
the upper bound for as well as derived examples with equality for the upper
bound for .Comment: 21 pages, 4 figure
A Cross Sectional Survey Study to find out the role of Avarana as a diagnostic tool in General Practice with special reference to Madhumeha
Srotas and Avarana are essential factors of Samprapti of almost all the Nija roga. Avarana is an underestimated and neglected aspect of Roga Samprapti. Therefore a survey study was conducted to gather data about understanding of Avarana w.s.r. to Madhumeha (Diabetes Mellitus). A dully prepared questionnaire pro forma on Avarana have been proposed and send it to 83 Ayurvedic doctors from NIA & across India to collect data. Questionnaire included choices of different samprapti ghataka like Agni, Dosha, Dushya, Srotasa, Ama, Avarana, Nidana and response against question “Is Avarana an important samprapti ghataka in day to day practice?On a small study of NIA it was found that 39.76% consultants included Avarana, 66.27% included dosha vighatana, 56.63% included dushya, 54.22% included Agni 53.01% included Ama, 48.19% included srotasa and 36.15% included nidana as a samprapti ghataka for diagnosing the disease in day to day practice. Response against question Is Avarana an important samprapti ghataka in day to day practice 62 (74.70%) consultants answered Yes, but Avarana the records show that only 28 (33.74%) were using Avarana as an important samprapti ghataka, 11 (13.25%) were seeing daily >10 patients in their OPD/IPD and 18 (21.69%) were unable to explain why Avarana should be an important samprapti ghataka. Out of rest 21 (25.30%) answered No, 14 (16.87%) were unable to explain their response & 7 (8.43%) cited difficulty in understanding Avarana in diagnosis in day to day practice.On an average it was found that 33.41% patients were consulted in OPD and 2.43% in IPD. Most of the consultants use only 7 samprapti ghataka for diagnosis of diseases. 62 (74.70%) consultants answered ‘Yes’ in response to question (Is Avarana an important samprapti ghataka in day to day practice?), but no satisfactory explanation was given
Learning Task Specifications from Demonstrations
Real world applications often naturally decompose into several sub-tasks. In
many settings (e.g., robotics) demonstrations provide a natural way to specify
the sub-tasks. However, most methods for learning from demonstrations either do
not provide guarantees that the artifacts learned for the sub-tasks can be
safely recombined or limit the types of composition available. Motivated by
this deficit, we consider the problem of inferring Boolean non-Markovian
rewards (also known as logical trace properties or specifications) from
demonstrations provided by an agent operating in an uncertain, stochastic
environment. Crucially, specifications admit well-defined composition rules
that are typically easy to interpret. In this paper, we formulate the
specification inference task as a maximum a posteriori (MAP) probability
inference problem, apply the principle of maximum entropy to derive an analytic
demonstration likelihood model and give an efficient approach to search for the
most likely specification in a large candidate pool of specifications. In our
experiments, we demonstrate how learning specifications can help avoid common
problems that often arise due to ad-hoc reward composition.Comment: NIPS 201
Impact of Janani Suraksha Yojana on Institutional Delivery Rate and Maternal Morbidity and Mortality: An Observational Study in India
The Government of India initiated a cash incentive scheme\u2014Janani
Suraksha Yojana (JSY)\u2014to promote institutional deliveries with an
aim to reduce maternal mortality ratio (MMR). An observational study
was conducted in a tertiary-care hospital of Madhya Pradesh, India,
before and after implementation of JSY, with a sample of women
presenting for institutional delivery. The objectives of this study
were to: (i) determine the total number of institutional deliveries
before and after implementation of JSY, (ii) determine the MMR, and
(iii) compare factors associated with maternal mortality and morbidity.
The data were analyzed for two years before implementation of JSY
(2003-2005) and compared with two years following implementation of JSY
(2005-2007). Overall, institutional deliveries increased by 42.6% after
implementation, including those among rural, illiterate and
primary-literate persons of lower socioeconomic strata. The main causes
of maternal mortality were eclampsia, pre-eclampsia and severe anaemia
both before and after implementation of JSY. Anaemia was the most
common morbidity factor observed in this study. Among those who had
institutional deliveries, there were significant increases in cases of
eclampsia, pre-eclampsia, polyhydramnios, oligohydramnios, antepartum
haemorrhage (APH), postpartum haemorrhage (PPH), and malaria after
implementation of JSY. The scheme appeared to increase institutional
delivery by at-risk mothers, which has the potential to reduce maternal
morbidity and mortality, improve child survival, and ensure equity in
maternal healthcare in India. The lessons from this study and other
available sources should be utilized to improve the performance and
implementation of JSY scheme in India
Repurposing benzimidazole and benzothiazole derivatives as potential inhibitors of SARS-CoV-2 : DFT, QSAR, molecular docking, molecular dynamics simulation, and in-silico pharmacokinetic and toxicity studies
Density Functional Theory (DFT) and Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationship (QSAR) studies were performed on four benzimidazoles (compounds 1–4) and two benzothiazoles (compounds 5 and 6), previously synthesized by our group. The compounds were also investigated for their binding affinity and interactions with the SARS-CoV-2 Mpro (PDB ID: 6LU7) and the human angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor (PDB ID: 6 M18) using a molecular docking approach. Compounds 1, 2, and 3 were found to bind with equal affinity to both targets. Compound 1 showed the highest predictive docking scores, and was further subjected to molecular dynamics (MD) simulation to explain protein stability, ligand properties, and protein–ligand interactions. All compounds were assessed for their structural, physico-chemical, pharmacokinetic, and toxicological properties. Our results suggest that the investigated compounds are potential new drug leads to target SARS-CoV-2
Breeding tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) for resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses
Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) is an important vegetable crop cultivated in the tropical and sub-tropical regions of the world. Low productivity in India is due to occurrence of both biotic and abiotic stresses. Among the biotic stresses, tomato leaf curl disease, bacterial wilt, early blight and Groundnut Bud Necrosis Virus disease have become serious production constraints causing considerable yield loss in the major tomato growing areas of the country. Adoption of multiple disease resistant varieties or F1 hybrids would be the most appropriate way to address these diseases. At ICAR-IIHR, Bengaluru systematic breeding strategies were employed to pyramid genes for resistance to early blight, bacterial wilt and tomato leaf curl diseases and to develop advanced breeding lines& F1 hybrids with triple disease resistance. Stable source of resistance to early blight and bi-partite begomo-virus (Tomato Leaf Curl New Delhi Virus) has been identified in Solanum habrochaites LA-1777. Validation with molecular markers linked to tomato leaf curl virus resistance revealed that LA-1777 carryTy2 and other putative resistant genes. Several high yielding dual purpose hybrids were also developed for fresh market and processing with high level of resistance to multiple diseases. Cherry tomato lines have also been bred for high TSS, total carotenoids, total phenols, flavonoids, vitamin C, acidity and lycopene content. IIHR-249-1, IIHR-2101 (Solanum habrochaites LA-1777), IIHR- 2866 and IIHR-2864 recorded high values for quality parameters like total carotenoids, lycopene, vitamin C, total phenols, flavonoids and TSS. Drought tolerant root stock has been developed by an interspecific cross between S. habrochaites LA-1777 and S. lycopersicum (15 SB SB). Resistant sources have also been identified against Tuta absoluta, a serious insect pest reported from major tomato growing areas in the country in recent time. High temperature tolerant breeding lines are in pipe line
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