The nexus between Basel capital requirements, risktaking and profitability: what about emerging economies?

The study examines the nexus between Basel capital requirements, banking sector risk-taking, and profitability in Asian emerging markets by using dynamic panel GMM methodology. The findings of the study suggest that regulatory capital positively affects risk-taking which validates the “regulatory hypothesis.” The findings also reveal that regulatory capital positively while risk negatively affects the profitability in the banking sector. The current study finds the bidirectional causality between the regulatory capital and risk-taking, implying that banks with higher capital ratios are expected to increase in risk-taking and vice versa. The findings also suggest that managerial ownership positively affects while foreign ownership negatively impacts risk-taking consistent with the agency theory of corporate governance. The study proposes that ownership structure has a significant influence on bank risk and profitability, however, the combined impact of regulatory capital through its interaction with the ownership structure is not proved to be significan

The photodecarboxylative addition of carboxylates to phthalimides as a key-step in the synthesis of biologically active 3-arylmethylene-2,3-dihydro-1H-isoindolin-1-ones

The synthesis of various 3-arylmethylene-2,3-dihydro-1H-isoindolin-1-ones was realized following a simple three-step process. The protocol utilized the photodecarboxylative addition of readily available carboxylates to N-(bromoalkyl)phthalimides as a versatile and efficient key step. The initially obtained hydroxyphthalimidines were readily converted to the desired N-diaminoalkylated 3-arylmethylene-2,3-dihydro-1H-isoindolin-1-ones via acid-catalyzed dehydration and subsequent nucleophilic substitution with the corresponding secondary amines. The procedure was successfully applied to the synthesis of known local anesthetics (AL-12, AL-12B and AL-5) in their neutral forms

Trace Out the Improvement Level and Awareness of Polycyctic Ovary Syndrome (Pcos) among General People and Educational Institute of Developed and Developing Countries

One of the most prevalent hormonal problems which affect women is polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). It consists of several fundamentals, including reproductive, metabolic, and cardiovascular ones, and has effects on the patient\u27s health throughout the duration of their life. Limited data is available on PCOS in developing countries like Pakistan. The aim of our study is to trace out the prevalence of PCOS in developed countries like America and China as well as developing countries like Pakistan. The study was done in the above mention developed and developing countries through the interviews of people by online questionnaire. This survey research was completed in April 2023 to July 2023. 560 responses were collected during the studied duration. We have seen that the females of 24 year age have maximum effects of PCOS. According to this survey 74.4 % unmarried females are affected by PCOS. According to our finding 71.8 % affected females were reported in developing countries and 28.2 % females are reported in developed countries. Our survey also shows that irregular menstrual cycle, hair loss and hair thinning, weight gain or difficulty in weight loss, acne or oily skin, excessive hair growth are the some common symptoms of PCOS. Hormonal birth control, insulin sensitizing medication, Anti-androgen medication, fertility treatment, life style changes like diet, exercise and surgery are the some treatments that were received for PCOS by affected females. We recommended that more awareness is required in both developed and developing countries through TV, Radio, Newspapers and social media plate forms

Effect of early tranexamic acid administration on mortality, hysterectomy, and other morbidities in women with post-partum haemorrhage (WOMAN): an international, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial

Background Post-partum haemorrhage is the leading cause of maternal death worldwide. Early administration of tranexamic acid reduces deaths due to bleeding in trauma patients. We aimed to assess the effects of early administration of tranexamic acid on death, hysterectomy, and other relevant outcomes in women with post-partum haemorrhage. Methods In this randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial, we recruited women aged 16 years and older with a clinical diagnosis of post-partum haemorrhage after a vaginal birth or caesarean section from 193 hospitals in 21 countries. We randomly assigned women to receive either 1 g intravenous tranexamic acid or matching placebo in addition to usual care. If bleeding continued after 30 min, or stopped and restarted within 24 h of the first dose, a second dose of 1 g of tranexamic acid or placebo could be given. Patients were assigned by selection of a numbered treatment pack from a box containing eight numbered packs that were identical apart from the pack number. Participants, care givers, and those assessing outcomes were masked to allocation. We originally planned to enrol 15 000 women with a composite primary endpoint of death from all-causes or hysterectomy within 42 days of giving birth. However, during the trial it became apparent that the decision to conduct a hysterectomy was often made at the same time as randomisation. Although tranexamic acid could influence the risk of death in these cases, it could not affect the risk of hysterectomy. We therefore increased the sample size from 15 000 to 20 000 women in order to estimate the effect of tranexamic acid on the risk of death from post-partum haemorrhage. All analyses were done on an intention-to-treat basis. This trial is registered with ISRCTN76912190 (Dec 8, 2008); ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT00872469; and PACTR201007000192283. Findings Between March, 2010, and April, 2016, 20 060 women were enrolled and randomly assigned to receive tranexamic acid (n=10 051) or placebo (n=10 009), of whom 10 036 and 9985, respectively, were included in the analysis. Death due to bleeding was significantly reduced in women given tranexamic acid (155 [1·5%] of 10 036 patients vs 191 [1·9%] of 9985 in the placebo group, risk ratio [RR] 0·81, 95% CI 0·65–1·00; p=0·045), especially in women given treatment within 3 h of giving birth (89 [1·2%] in the tranexamic acid group vs 127 [1·7%] in the placebo group, RR 0·69, 95% CI 0·52–0·91; p=0·008). All other causes of death did not differ significantly by group. Hysterectomy was not reduced with tranexamic acid (358 [3·6%] patients in the tranexamic acid group vs 351 [3·5%] in the placebo group, RR 1·02, 95% CI 0·88–1·07; p=0·84). The composite primary endpoint of death from all causes or hysterectomy was not reduced with tranexamic acid (534 [5·3%] deaths or hysterectomies in the tranexamic acid group vs 546 [5·5%] in the placebo group, RR 0·97, 95% CI 0·87-1·09; p=0·65). Adverse events (including thromboembolic events) did not differ significantly in the tranexamic acid versus placebo group. Interpretation Tranexamic acid reduces death due to bleeding in women with post-partum haemorrhage with no adverse effects. When used as a treatment for postpartum haemorrhage, tranexamic acid should be given as soon as possible after bleeding onset. Funding London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, Pfizer, UK Department of Health, Wellcome Trust, and Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation

The impact of environment degrading factors and remittances on health expenditure: an asymmetric ARDL and dynamic simulated ARDL approach

This paper investigates the impact of CO2 emissions, air pollution (PM2.5) exposure, foreign remittances, energy consumption, renewable energy consumption, trade openness, and gross domestic product per capita on health expenditure in a panel of the 27 highest emitting countries from 2000 to 2019. Focusing on objectives, panel ARDL, and dynamic simulated ARDL models are used to examine the short-run and long-run impact of the variables on health expenditure. An asymmetric or nonlinear ARDL model is used to test the asymmetric effect of CO2 emissions, air pollution exposure, and foreign remittance inflows on health expenditure. The results show that environment-degrading factors, remittances, and GDP per capita significantly impact health expenditure. There is an asymmetric effect of remittances, CO2 emissions, and air pollution (PM2.5) exposure on health expenditure. Based on the results, the study suggests policymakers should make policies regarding environment-degrading elements as these factors cause huge increases in health spending in a country. Consumption of renewable energy helps reduce health expenditure as it does not cause environmental degradation, irrespective of other forms of energy, and it is suggested that policies relating to foreign remittance inflows should be encouraged and made efficient

Employees' training experience in a metaverse environment? Feedback analysis using structural topic modeling

The metaverse has been heralded as the next frontier for fueling strategic business opportunities. A recent surge in business investments in digital technologies-based training applications is witnessed. Metaverse is a technology in training and development landscape that intends to materialize a highly immersive experience by combining the virtual and the real world. Organizations are moving towards a metaverse environment to enhance the interactivity and flexibility of training while maintaining a high quality of their educational content and training plans. However, the existing scholarly work on metaverse tends to be more focused on employees' recruitment and retention functions of human resource, while the training and development function, particularly, the employees' training experience of the metaverse, is largely overlooked. Understanding employees' experiences is critical for businesses to achieve the desired training outcomes. Our study aims to fill this research gap by adopting a novel structural topic model text analysis method to analyze 889 employees' reviews about various training applications in metaverse environment. Specifically, we explored the employees' reviews of leading training platforms STRIVR, Spatial Computing, Mursion, Program ACE, Rewo, Gather, and ARKit. Our initial results reveal 9 topics, of which 5 relate to positive aspects and 4 are potential concerns. In particular, real-time collaboration, enhanced practicality, alignment with technology training, real-time feedback analytics, and customizable learning environments are positive, whereas accessibility and inclusivity, ethical considerations, privacy and security concerns, and cultural resistance are negative aspects. This study highlights the promising potential of the metaverse in improving the training and development functions within human resource management. By leveraging the novel efficiencies that the metaverse confers, firms can use these advancements to gain a competitive advantage

Does Heterogeneity in COVID-19 News Affect Asset Market? Monte-Carlo Simulation Based Wavelet Transform

The current study investigates the connectedness between US COVID-19 news, Dowes Jones Index (DJI), green bonds, gold, and bitcoin prices for the period 22 January 2020–3 August 2021. The study has employed wavelet coherency, the continuous wavelet transform, and the wavelet-based Granger causality methods to obtain the dependence result. The continuous wavelet transform (CWT) analysis reveals that the United States equity market prices are extremely sensitive with regard to spreading coronavirus (USCOVID-19) news and changes in the oil price. Green bonds, gold, and bitcoin have minimal connectedness with the equity market, which might lead to the hedge and safe haven role of these assets during the COVID-19 crisis period. Lastly, very strong comovement was found between bitcoin and gold during the entire sample. The results of the present study offer a number of fresh and noticeable policy implications for international investors and asset managers

Assessment of financial development on environmental effect: Implications for sustainable development

This study observes the causal relationships between globalization, urbanization, financial development, consumption of renewable energy and emissions of CO2, in order to asses the implications for sustainable development. It employs panel data of the top ten CO2 emitter countries (Japan, USA, South Korea, Germany, Iran, Canada, Saudi Arabia, China, India and Russia) from 1990 to 2016. Panel co-integration, panel fully modified least squares (PFMOLS) and panel vector error correction model (VECM) tests are used to analyse the data of the study. An empirical result of the panel VECM test reveals unidirectional long term causality from CO2 to financial development (FD), and globalization (GLOB) to urban population (UP). The results of the PFMOLS test show that there are significantly long-term positive relationships of FD and UP with CO2 emissions. Renewable energy consumption has a significantly negative relationship with emissions of CO2. Furthermore, it is recommended to enhance renewable energy consumption in order to lower carbon emissions for sustainable development in the top ten emitter countries