Transverse Momentum Spectra and Nuclear Modification Factor using Boltzmann Transport Equation with Flow in Pb+Pb collisions at sNN\sqrt{s_{NN}} = 2.76 TeV

In the continuation of our previous work, the transverse momentum ($p_T$) spectra and nuclear modification factor ($R_{AA}$) are derived using relaxation time approximation of Boltzmann Transport Equation (BTE). The initial $p_T$-distribution used to describe $p+p$ collisions has been studied with the pQCD inspired power-law distribution, the Hagedorn's empirical formula and with the Tsallis non-extensive statistical distribution. The non-extensive Tsallis distribution is observed to describe the complete range of the transverse momentum spectra. The Boltzmann-Gibbs Blast Wave (BGBW) distribution is used as the equilibrium distribution in the present formalism, to describe the $p_T$-distribution and nuclear modification factor in nucleus-nucleus collisions. The experimental data for Pb+Pb collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 2.76 TeV at the Large Hadron Collider at CERN have been analyzed for pions, kaons, protons, $K^{*0}$ and $\phi$. It is observed that the present formalism while explaining the transverse momentum spectra upto 5 GeV/c, explains the nuclear modification factor very well upto 8 GeV/c in $p_T$ for all these particles except for protons. $R_{AA}$ is found to be independent of the degree of non-extensivity, $q_{pp}$ after $p_T \sim$ 8 GeV/c.Comment: Same as published version in EPJ

Radial Flow and Differential Freeze-out in Proton-Proton Collisions at s=7\sqrt{s}= 7 TeV at the LHC

We analyse the transverse momentum ($p_{\rm T}$)-spectra as a function of charged-particle multiplicity at midrapidity ($|y| < 0.5$) for various identified particles such as $\pi^{\pm}$, $K^{\pm}$, $K_S^0$, $p+\overline{p}$, $\phi$, $K^{*0} + \overline {K^{*0}}$, and $\Lambda$ + $\bar{\Lambda}$ in proton-proton collisions at $\sqrt{s}$ = 7 TeV using Boltzmann-Gibbs Blast Wave (BGBW) model and thermodynamically consistent Tsallis distribution function. We obtain the multiplicity dependent kinetic freeze-out temperature ($T_{\rm kin}$) and radial flow ($\beta$) of various particles after fitting the $p_{\rm T}$-distribution with BGBW model. Here, $T_{\rm kin}$ exhibits mild dependence on multiplicity class while $\beta$ shows almost independent behaviour. The information regarding Tsallis temperature and the non-extensivity parameter ($q$) are drawn by fitting the $p_{\rm T}$-spectra with Tsallis distribution function. The extracted parameters of these particles are studied as a function of charged particle multiplicity density ($dN_{ch}/d\eta$). In addition to this, we also study these parameters as a function of particle mass to observe any possible mass ordering. All the identified hadrons show a mass ordering in temperature, non-extensive parameter and also a strong dependence on multiplicity classes, except the lighter particles. It is observed that as the particle multiplicity increases, the $q$-parameter approaches to Boltzmann-Gibbs value, hence a conclusion can be drawn that system tends to thermal equilibrium. The observations are consistent with a differential freeze-out scenario of the produced particles.Comment: Published versio

Effect of Hagedorn States on Isothermal Compressibility of Hadronic Matter formed in Heavy-Ion Collisions: From NICA to LHC Energies

In this work, we have studied the isothermal compressibility ($\kappa_T$) as a function of temperature, baryon chemical potential and centre-of-mass energy ($\sqrt{s_{NN}}$) using hadron resonance gas (HRG) and excluded-volume hadron resonance gas (EV-HRG) models. A mass cut-off dependence of isothermal compressibility has been studied for a physical resonance gas. Further, we study the effect of heavier resonances ($>$ 2 GeV) on the isothermal compressibility by considering the Hagedorn mass spectrum, ${\rho}(m)\sim{\exp(bm)}/{(m^2+m_0^2)^{5/4}}$. Here, the parameters, $b$ and $m_0$ are extracted after comparing the results of recent lattice QCD simulations at finite baryonic chemical potential. We find a significant difference between the results obtained in EV-HRG and HRG models at a higher temperatures and higher baryochemical potentials. The inclusion of the Hagedorn mass spectrum in the partition function for hadron gas has a large effect at a higher temperature. A higher mass cut-off in the Hagedorn mass spectrum takes the isothermal compressibility to a minimum value, which occurs near the Hagedorn temperature ($T_H$). We show explicitly that at the future low energy accelerator facilities like FAIR (CBM), Darmstadt and NICA, Dubna the created matter would be incompressible compared to the high energy facilities like RHIC and LHC.Comment: Same as published pape

η\eta meson in strange magnetized matter

The in-medium properties of $\eta$ mesons are studied in hot and dense isospin asymmetric strange magnetized matter using the chiral SU(3) hadronic mean-field model. The scalar and vector density of baryons are expressed in terms of thermal distribution functions at finite temperature and magnetic field and have dependence on the scalar fields $\sigma$, $\zeta$, and $\delta$ through the effective mass of baryons and the dependence on the vector fields $\omega, \rho$, and $\phi$ through the effective chemical potential. The properties of $\eta$ mesons get modified in a hot and dense magnetized environment through the medium-modified nucleons and hyperons. The negative mass shift obtained gives rise to optical potential, which is attractive in the medium and suggests a possibility of $\eta$-mesic bound states formation. The addition of hyperons in the medium enhances the attractive interactions and causes an increased negative mass shift for $\eta$ mesons.Comment: 32 pages, 10 figure

Design and Development of High Power Broad Band Dry RF Load

High power S-Band ferrite based RF load is designed and developed which is capable of handling 3 kW average power at operating frequency 2998±20 MHz . Electrical and thermal design is carried out using CST Studio Suite. Mechanical parts are fabricated according to the design. Water cooling is provided to the absorbing ferrites to support high power operation. Various RF load parts are fabricated, chemically cleaned and brazed. The experimental return loss better than 30 dB for a bandwidth of 250 MHz is achieved. The numerical and experimental results are discussed and presented in this paper

Impact of Green Supply Chain Management Practices in India

Green supply chain management technique (GSCM) is a newer way to differentiate anorganization from its competitor organizations because it can highly influence the plannedsuccess of an organization. With rapid increasing awareness of environmental protectionglobally, the green trend of conserving our planet’s resources and protecting theenvironment is difficult to fight against, thereby putting more pressure on firms. With therapid change in manufacturing scenario globally, environmental as well as social issues arebecoming of great importance in running any business. Green supply Chain Management(GSCM) is a way to improve the performance of the process and the end products accordingto the requirements of environmental regulations agency. A green supply chain managementaims to constrict the waste product within the industrial system in order to keep and protectenergy as well as to prevent the dissipation of dangerous materials into the environment

Immediate postpartum IUD: analysis of factors making it contraceptive of choice

Background: Intrauterine devices are convenient, long term, reversible means of contraceptive. They are user friendly due to one-time application, ease of removal and immediate return of fertility on its removal. The Immediate Postpartum IUD is inserted in women within 48 hours, after normal delivery. The study aims to understand factors responsible for making IUD as the contraceptive of choice. It also identifies various social, demographic factors responsible for making IUD as the contraceptive of choice.Methods: A cross-sectional observational study was done using pretested questionnaire. In total 470 subjects were interviewed. The data were collected and compiled using MS-excel and analyzed by using Epi info-7. Data is presented in terms of proportions.Results: The acceptance of IUD as a contraceptive was not statistically associated with age & income of the user. Acceptance for IUD increased with literacy (P = 0.003). Almost 77.8% users were satisfied by the IUD. In total, 66.68% users, who continued using IUD did not feel any discomfort. The compliance of IUD was significantly associated with the discomfort caused (P = 0.0008) which was found to be most important reason for its removal. The commonest reason for adoption of IUD was a long duration of its use. It was seen that 23.40% previous contraceptive users and 39.41% new IUD users accepted it as contraceptive. Its acceptance is especially more in previous IUD users.Conclusions: Immediate post-partum IUCD has high acceptability and more than 75% users are satisfied and consider it as a contraceptive option.

A longitudinal observational study of user’s perspective of use of Copper-T-380-A inserted in immediate post partum period at a tertiary health care centre in Central India

Background: The study aims to understand user’s perspective & complaints due to Copper-T-380A inserted during the immediate postpartum period and to assess the expulsion rate, voluntary removal & mean duration of use. The study also aims to find out reasons for voluntary removal of the IUD.Methods: A longitudinal observational was conducted in tertiary health care center in central India during July-2009 to June 2010. A total of 360 women were enrolled who had immediate post partum IUD insertion. They were interviewed within 48 hours of IUD insertion using a preformed pre tested questionnaire & followed after 1.5, 3 & 6 months in field visits. Results: Of all 74.51% users continued using it upto 22.04±2.66 weeks. The cumulative expulsion rate at the end of 6 months was 16.62%. Most common interval of expulsion was after 3.6±1.5 weeks of IUD insertion. Almost 24.58% users had voluntary removal of IUD after a mean duration of 9.34±3.54 weeks following insertion. The most common reason for voluntary removal of IUD is lower abdominal pain in 13.5%. No instance of uterine perforation, sepsis or hyperpyrexia was noted.Conclusion: Immediate postpartum IUD insertion is safe means of contraception. There is a gradual decline in the discomfort caused by an IUD with time. But there is high expulsion rate

EDGE INTELLIGENCE-BASED SELF-HEALING NETWORK FOR LARGE-SCALE LOW POWER AND LOSSY NETWORK DEVICES WITH IOC

Techniques are presented herein that support the derivation, leveraging machine learning (ML) algorithms, of a cross correlation index of Key Performance Indicators (KPIs) – specific to wireless technologies such as, for example, Internet Protocol version 6 (IPv6) over Networks of Resource-constrained Nodes (6Lo), Wi-Fi, and Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) technical standard 802.15.4 variants – across multiple tenants within a cloud native multi-tenanted environment to proactively optimize routing performance and identify performance optimizations so that the network may be automatically self-healed. Aspects of the presented techniques provide intelligent fault management capabilities for a customer (having, for example, outdoor large-scale wireless sensor network (WSN) devices) thus reducing the difficulty and the cost of deployed device maintenance, support the generation of a working scheme for the field staff to repair faulty devices, provide a Vulnerability Scan Service (VSS) for connected mesh endpoints, and support the use of multi-tenant functionality for each vendor

Acute leukemia after cytotoxic treatment in a child with nephrotic syndrome

Renal involvement in acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) occurs due to several factors including leukemic infiltration of the kidneys, therapy-related side effects such as tumor lysis syndrome, nephrotoxic drugs, and septicemias. A 3-year-old boy with nephrotic syndrome (NS) who was previously treated with prednisolone and cyclosporine A for 14 months after the initial diagnosis of NS, presented to the emergency department with fever, breathing difficulty, generalized edema, and body pain with pallor, without evidence of lymphadenopathy, hepatosplenomegaly, petechiae, or purpura. On investigation, peripheral blood smear showed blast cells &gt;80% and bone marrow aspiration showed complete replacement of the marrow with L1 lymphoblasts, consistent with a diagnosis of ALL. The exact mechanism of developing acute leukemia after cytotoxic treatment has not been established; the possibility must be considered that the incidence of this malignant disease is increased after cytotoxic treatment for nonmalignant diseases