Učinkovitost kalijeva permanganata i kurkume kao antimikrobnih tvari na broj bakterija i kvalitetu nerastovog sjemena pohranjenog na 15 °C

The present study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of different natural antimicrobials agents (KMnO4 and Turmeric) in comparison with conventional antibiotics against the bacterial load and in relation to the quality of boar semen in Modena extender for up to 120 hours of preservation at 15 °C. A total of 56 ejaculates, 14 from each of four Hampshire crossbred boars maintained within the ICAR-AICRP on Pigs, in Guwahati, Assam, India, were utilized in the study. Thirty-two ejaculates, 8 from each of four boars were used to study the effect of antimicrobial agents on semen quality during preservation at 15 °C in Modena extender. A total of 9 different bacterial types were identified from 46 bacterial isolates, obtained from 24 fresh semen samples viz. Staphylococcus aureus (24%), E. coli (22%), Bacillus spp. (13%), Citrobacter spp. (9%), Pseudomonas spp. (9%), Staphylococcus epidermidis (9%), Klebsiella spp. (6%), Streptococcus spp. (6%) and Proteus spp. (2%). The overall sensitivity of the recovered isolates to Gentamicin, Ampicillin, Enrofloxacin, Cloxacillin, Streptomycin, Penicillin, Amoxycilln, Ofloxacin and Tetracyclin were 89, 39, 37, 48, 74, 52, 56, 76 and 63% respectively. The mean sperm motility, intact acrosome, HOST-reacted spermatozoa and bacterial load differed significantly (P˂0.01) between antimicrobial agents (Gentamicin, KMnO4 and Turmeric) and preservation periods (0, 48, 72, 96 and 120 hours). Sperm quality based on Gentamicin was found to be best, followed by Turmeric and KMnO4 during preservation at 15 °C. The conception rate for the semen preserved for 0, 24, 48, 72, 96 and 120 hours of preservation was 83.33, 80.00, 75.00, 66.66, 66.66 and 50.00% respectively. In the present study, the preserved semen with ascending bacterial load containing Gentamicin did not affect the conception rate.Istraživanje je provedeno kako bi se procijenila učinkovitost različitih prirodnih antimikrobnih tvari (KMnO4 i kurkume) u odnosu na konvencionalne antibiotike na broj bakterija i kvalitetu nerastova sjemena, pohranjenog u ekstenderu Modena do 120 sati na 15 °C. Upotrijebljeno je ukupno 56 ejakulata, 14 od svakoga od četiri nerasta križane pasmine Hampshire, uzgajanih u centru za istraživanje svinja ICAR-AICRP, Guwahati, Assam, Indija. Trideset i dva ejakulata, po 8 od svakoga od 4 nerasta, upotrijebljena su kako bi se istražili učinci antimikrobnih tvari na kvalitetu sjemena za vrijeme njegove pohrane u ekstenderu Modena na 15 °C. Identificirano je ukupno 9 različitih bakterijskih tipova iz 46 bakterijskih izolata dobivenih od 24 uzorka svježeg sjemena, i to Staphylococcus aureus (24 %), E. coli (22 %), Bacillus spp. (13 %), Citrobacter spp. (9 %), Pseudomonas spp. (9 %), Staphylococcus epidermidis (9 %), Klebsiella spp. (6 %), Streptococcus spp. (6 %) i Proteus spp. (2 %). Ukupna osjetljivost dobivenih izolata bila je: 89 % na gentamicin, 39 % na ampicilin, 37 % na enrofloksacin, 48 % na kloksacilin, 74 % na streptomicin, 52 % na penicilin, 56 % na amoksicilin, 76 % na ofloksacin i 63 % tetraciklin. Prosječna pokretljivost spermija, intaktni akrosomi, reaktivnost sjemena na hipoosmotski test bubrenja (HOST) i broj bakterija znakovito su se razlikovali (P ˂ 0,01) među antimikrobnim tvarima (gentamicin, KMnO4 i kurkuma) i s obzirom na trajanje pohrane (0, 48, 72, 96 i 120 sata). Tijekom pohrane na 15 °C, najbolja je bila kvaliteta sperme tretirane gentamicinom a zatim ona tretirana kurkukom i KMnO4. Postotak koncepcije bio je 83,33 % za sjeme koje nije bilo pohranjeno, 80,00 % za sjeme pohranjeno 24 sata, 75,00 % za sjeme pohranjeno 48 sati, 66,66 % za sjeme pohranjeno 72 sata, 66,66 % za sjeme pohranjeno 96 sati i 50,00 % za sjeme pohranjeno 120 sati. U ovom istraživanju porast broja bakterija u pohranjenom sjemenu tretiranom gentamicinom nije utjecao na postotak koncepcije

Occupational Hepatitis B Exposure: A Peek into Indian Dental Students’ Knowledge, Opinion, and Preventive Practices

Objective. To determine the level of knowledge, opinions, and preventive practices followed by dental students against Hepatitis B. The study also explored if any correlation existed between knowledge, opinion, and preventive practices score. Materials and Methods. A cross-sectional study was conducted in a dental teaching institution. The subjects comprised 216 dental students. The study was conducted using a pretested, self-administered questionnaire. The questionnaire was prepared to assess knowledge, opinion, and preventive practices against Hepatitis B. Kruskal-Wallis and Kendall Tau test were performed. Results. The study found that only 44.4% of the students were vaccinated with Hepatitis B vaccine. 59.3% of the students reported washing their hands after contact with patient’s body fluids. 63.9% used personal protective measures like facemask, aprons, head cap, eye shields, and so forth, while treating patients. Median knowledge, opinion, and practice scores were found to be 5.00, 3.00, and 3.00, respectively. Significant correlation was obtained between knowledge and preventive practices score (r=0.385, p value <0.0001). Conclusion. Effective measures need to be taken to improve preventive practices of the students to prevent them from risk of Hepatitis transmission. Mandatory vaccination against Hepatitis B needs to be implemented

Giant cell Granuloma: Histological comparison and a review

Central giant cell granulomas (CGCG) constitute about 10% of benign jawbone lesions. Approximately one-third of CGCG exhibit local aggressive behavior with bone destruction and a tendency to recur.1 Jaffe (1953) was the first to distinguish central giant cell granulomas (CGCG) of the jawbones from other giant cell lesions of bones and originally called them“central giant cell reparative granulomas” since they were believed to be a reactive-reparative process that might heal spontaneously.1 Recently the World Health Organization has defined it as localized benign but sometimes aggressive osteolytic proliferation consisting of fibrous tissue with hemorrhage and haemosiderin depo­sits, presence of osteoclast-like giant cells and reactive bone formation. Many authors have established the differences with other lesions of giant cells. The clinical behavior of CGCG varies from a slowly asymptomatic swelling to an aggressive lesion that manifests with pain, cortical perforation, and root resorption.2 On the other hand the peripheral giant cell granuloma is a reactive exophytic lesion of the gingiva and alveolar ridge that usually occurs as a result of local irritating factors such as plaque, calculus, chronic infection, chronic irritation, tooth extraction, inproperly finished filling, unstable dental prosthesis, and impacted food which originates from the periosteium or periodontal ligament.&nbsp

Mandibular canine index: A reliable predictor for gender identification using study cast in Indian population

Context: Various methods are used for gender identification in anthropologic and forensic investigations. The canine tooth is widely used for gender determination because of its sexual dimorphism and durability in the oral cavity. Mandibular canine index (MCI) is one of the most reliable and valid predictor for gender identification. Aim: To assess the reliability of MCI in gender determination in Indian population. Settings and Design: This was an experimental study involving the preparation of plaster models of 100 individuals residing in Udaipur, Rajasthan, India. Of these 45 were males and 55 were females. Both sexes were in the age group of 20–30 years. Study casts were prepared for all individuals and the measurements of mandibular canine teeth were taken. The MCI was calculated using standardized equation. In addition, the percentage of sexual dimorphism was calculated. Statistical Analysis Used: Independent sample t-test was used. P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: There was a significant difference (P < 0.05) observed between inter-canine distance, right and left canine width and right and left MCI between males and females. Sexual dimorphism is more on left permanent mandibular canine teeth than right permanent mandibular canine teeth. The overall percentage of accuracy observed was 85.5%. Conclusions: Study findings reveal that MCI can be used a reliable predictor for gender determination in Indian population and can form the basis of anthropologic and forensic investigations

Anxiety, fear, awareness and economic influence amongst Indian dentists during the COVID-19 outbreak

Dental practitioners are at risk due to direct contact with possibly infected patients as front-line health care professionals during the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic. Therefore, it is of interest to measure the anxiety, fear, awareness and economic effect of the epidemic on Indian dentists at work .This study was conducted utilizing an online survey questionnaire and Google forms from August 22nd to August 23rd, 2021. A total of 485 doctors took part in the survey. The questionnaire included open-ended, closed-ended, and Likert five-point scale items to measure anxiety, awareness, and the financial impact of COVID-19 on dentists. The Mann-Whitney test was used for two groups. The Kruskal–Wallis test was used as a post-hoc test for multigroup comparisons. The average age of the participants was 36.5 ± 9.2 years, with the majority (75.21%) being just graduate dentists. More than 80.1% of interviewees expressed concern about contracting COVID-19. Younger dentists and females have higher levels of anxiety than older dentists. The level of awareness and practice of COVID-19 precautions and infection-control measures among these dentists (94.1%) was found to be high. This is due to age, qualification, and designation (except GP vs. Specialist)

SIMULTANEOUS ESTIMATION OF RABEPRAZOLE SODIUM AND ACECLOFENAC COMBINED CAPSULE DOSAGE FORM AS PER ICH GUIDELINE BY UV SPECTROSCOPIC METHODS

The present work aimed to develop and validate spectrophotometric methods for simultaneous estimation of rabeprazole sodium and aceclofenac in a pure and capsule dosage form. A simple, sensitive, spectrophotometric method in UV region has been developed for the simultaneous estimation of Rabeprazole sodium and Aceclofenac in bulk and semi dosage form (Capsule). Standard solution of Rabeprazole sodium shows maximum absorbance at 283 nm and Aceclofenac shows maximum absorbance at 276 nm. Beer’s Lamberts law is obeyed in concentration range 10-60 µg/ml for Rabeprazole with regression, slope and intercept of 0.991, 0.0918 and 0 respectively while for, Beer’s Aceclofenac Lambert law is obeyed in concentration range 10-60 µg/ml with regression, slope and intercept having 0.9984, 0.2069 and 0.0253 respectively. Method was validated for linearity, range, accuracy, precision, recovery studies and interference study of mixture. All these parameters showed the adaptability of the method for the quality control analysis of the drug in bulk and in combination formulations. Keywords: Rabeprazole sodium, Aceclofenac, Simultaneous equations, absorbance interference stud

Prevalence and Risk Factors for Oral Potentially Malignant Disorders in Indian Population

Objective. To assess the prevalence of oral potentially malignant disorders and to determine the potential risk factors for its development in Indian population. Materials and Methods. This cross-sectional study was carried out on 1241 individuals in Indore, Madhya Pradesh. A questionnaire was designed to record information about sociodemographic characteristics, oral hygiene practices, dietary habits, and risk factors for oral potentially malignant disorders. Oral mucosal lesions were examined by a skilled person. Results. The overall prevalence of oral potentially malignant disorders was found to be 13.7% with oral submucous fibrosis (8.06%) found to be more common and erythroplakia (0.24%) found to be least prevalent. Results of Logistic Regression analysis showed that males (OR = 2.09, P value < 0.0001) who were ever consumers of tobacco (OR = 2.06, P value = 0.030) and areca nut chewing (OR = 2.64, P value = 0.004) were more likely to develop oral potentially malignant disorders compared to never consumers. Diabetic (OR = 2.21, P value = 0.014) and underweight individuals (OR = 2.23, P value = 0.007) were more likely to suffer from oral potentially malignant disorders. Conclusion. The study reinforces the association of tobacco and areca nut consumption with oral potentially malignant disorders. An association of oral potentially malignant disorders with diabetes and BMI was confirmed by this study

Management of dental care practice and prevention of cross infection during COVID-19 pandemic

The etiological agent of Coronavirus Disease-2019 (COVID-19) is Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome- Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), a novel coronavirus. The COVID-19 pandemic dramatically reformed all aspects of life throughout the world. The spread of this infection mainly occurs through the aerosol which contain the microdroplets. It is now fully accepted that the transmission of this viral disease occurs through the infected subjects with or without specific disease symptoms. The principal routes of this viral infection are through mouth, nose, eyes, thus the spread of this infection can be highest at all the levels of dental clinics. Specific protocols have been devised on time to time since the start of this viral pandemic for the dental practitioners. It is an utmost responsibility of all dental care practitioners to follow all the guidelines to minimize the cross-infection of this disease. The new guidelines are implemented to comply with the policies of public health, ensuring safety of dental care professionals, staff and patients to prevent further spread of this viral disease. The introduction of particular devices, proper patient management and organized clinical practice is extremely significant to stop the spread of this disease.&nbsp

Tracking Hole Transport in DNA Hairpins Using a Phenylethynylguanine Nucleobase

The hole transport dynamics of DNA hairpins possessing a stilbene electron acceptor and donor along with a modified guanine (G) nucleobase, specifically 8-(4′-phenylethynyl)­deoxyguanosine, or EG, have been investigated. The nearly indistinguishable oxidation potentials of EG and G and unique spectroscopic characteristics of EG^+• make it well-suited for directly observing transient hole occupation during charge transport between a stilbene electron donor and acceptor. In contrast to the cation radical G^+•, EG^+• possesses a strong absorption near 460 nm and has a distinct Raman-active ethynyl stretch. Both spectroscopic characteristics are easily distinguished from those of the stilbene donor/acceptor radical ion chromophores. Employing EG, we observe its role as a shallow hole trap, or as an intermediate hole transport site when a deeper trap state is present. Using a combination of ultrafast absorption and stimulated Raman spectroscopies, the hole-transport dynamics are observed to be similar in systems having EG vs G bases, with small perturbations to the charge transport rates and yields. These results show EG can be deployed at specified locations throughout the sequence to report on hole occupancy, thereby enabling detailed monitoring of the hole transport dynamics with base-site specificity