Case attrition in rape cases: a comparative analysis

The past decade has seen a number of legal, practice and policy-based interventions made in order to ensure that the criminal justice system is more responsive to rape complaints. At their most instrumental, the aim of both shifts in practice and in the laws relating to sexual offences is to increase reporting and conviction rates in rape cases. One of the greatest problems with the criminal justice system's response to rape remains, however, that most reported cases do not in fact make it through the system to trial. This article reflects on two attrition studies conducted by the authors between 2003 and 2006, together examining the disposition of approximately 600 rape cases across six urban police stations. The objective of these studies was to examine the processing, investigation and prosecution of sexual offences cases and to analyse the possible reasons for high attrition. This paper raises the complexities of calculating attrition as well as the extent to which international experiences and perspectives on rape attrition converge and contrast with South African ones. We also set out to develop some of the insights that we have garnered from our own attrition studies and thereby to alert scholars working in this area to the key practical and theoretical issues that arise in conceptualising and conducting an attrition study

Analytical Bethe Ansatz for A2n−1(2),Bn(1),Cn(1),Dn(1)A^{(2)}_{2n-1}, B^{(1)}_n, C^{(1)}_n, D^{(1)}_n quantum-algebra-invariant open spin chains

We determine the eigenvalues of the transfer matrices for integrable open quantum spin chains which are associated with the affine Lie algebras $A^{(2)}_{2n-1}, B^{(1)}_n, C^{(1)}_n, D^{(1)}_n$, and which have the quantum-algebra invariance U_q(C_n), U_q(B_n), U_q(C_n), U_q(D_n)$, respectively.Comment: 14 pages, latex, no figures (a character causing latex problem is removed

The Prettiest Dam on the Maquoketa River : The Quaker Mill Dam at Machester, Iowa

https://ir.uiowa.edu/osa_pubs/1014/thumbnail.jp

The relative capital structure of agricultural grain and supply cooperatives and investor owned firms [The cooperative capital constraint revisited]

A recent set of articles in Choices identified some of the major issues facing agricultural cooperatives. Among these are the challenges related to identifying the financing activities and equity capital management strategies that will lead to growth and longevity of cooperatives (Barton, et al 2011). Like their investor-owned counterparts, cooperatives must be profitable and competitive in the markets they face. However, cooperatives face unique challenges in managing equity capital. Because they are limited in their access to outside investments and have nontradable stock, cooperatives rely on member-provided equity through voting shares and equity accumulation through the allocation of profits as retained patronage as the primary sources of equity. Thus, a number of theoretical and empirical investigations identify that cooperatives are constrained in their ability to access capital and, therefore, are limited and perhaps inefficient in their investment activities. This paper seeks to examine the issue of capital constraints on U.S. agricultural supply and grain cooperatives and investor-owned firms (IOFs). A variant of the DuPont model – a technique that breaks down a firm’s rate of return to equity into measures that relate to profitability, efficiency in asset use, and leverage – permits an empirical comparison between IOFs and cooperatives on their activities, debt structure, equity, and liquidity factors. Using firm-level panel data of financial information for cooperativeand IOF agricultural grain and supply firms in Iowa, the two ownership types are compared to identify whether significant differences exists in their investment activities and financial efficiency. Whether capital structure is impacted by firm type and the financial determinants which may contribute to such differences is highlighted

Quantum Group Invariant Supersymmetric t-J Model with periodic boundary conditions

An integrable version of the supersymmetric t-J model which is quantum group invariant as well as periodic is introduced and analysed in detail. The model is solved through the algebraic nested Bethe ansatz method.Comment: 11 pages, LaTe