Social interaction as a factor of elderly and disabled peoples activity in receiving cardiovascular health services in Russia

The article presents the results of studying the peculiarities of the social interaction and its influence on the social activity of the elderly and disabled people in receiving cardiovascular health services in the Russian Federation. In order to study the level of knowledge about cardiovascular health and the prevention of cardiovascular diseases in February – June, 2018 the sociological research was conducted in Belgorod region (Russia) among elderly and disabled (n=240) by Laboratory of social projects of the Belgorod National Research University. The main research methods were qualitative (content analysis of individual social rehabilitation maps of the elderly and disabled) and quantitative methods (questionnaires

About Grid Generation in Constructions Bounded by the Surfaces of Revolution

For constructions bounded by the surfaces of revolution, structured grid generation technique is presented. Its technology has been elaborated within the variational approach for constructing optimal grids satisfying optimality criteria: Closeness of grids to uniform ones, closeness of grids to orthogonal ones and adaptation to a given function. Grid generation has been designed for numerical solution of the differential equations modeling the vortex processes of multi-component hydrodynamics. In the technology, the three-dimensional construction in which it is required to construct a grid is represented in the form of the curvilinear hexahedron defining its configuration. The specific feature of the required configurations is that some faces of a curvilinear hexahedron lie in one plane and along edges of adjoining faces grid cells degenerate into prisms. Grid generation in the considered constructions has started to be developed by the elaboration of algorithms for the volume of revolution which has become the basic construction. The basic construction is obtained by the rotation through 180° around the axis of a generatrix consisting of straight line segments, arcs of circles and ellipses. Then the deformed volumes of revolutions are considered along with the generalizations of the volume of revolution which represent constructions obtained by the surfaces of revolution with parallel axis of rotation. The aim of the further development of the technology is to consider more and more complicated constructions and elaborate the technology for them. In the presentation, the current state of the development of the technology is given. Examples of generated grids are supplied. © 2021 Institute of Physics Publishing. All rights reserved

The resocialization process of elderly and disabled through club activities in institutional care

The article presents the results of sociological research on the issues of the re-socialization of elderly and people with functional limitations and health problems through club activities, based on the example of five institutions (boarding houses for the elderly and disabled) located in Belgorod regio

The algorithm for generation of structured grids in deformed volumes of revolution

For the volume of revolution deformed by another volume of revolution, a grid generation algorithm is suggested. The algorithm is designed for multimaterial hydrodynamic simulation and for solving other physical and engineering problems. The algorithm represents the non-stationary procedure generating three-dimensional structured grids in domains with moving boundaries. The algorithm is developed within the variational approach for constructing optimal curvilinear grids. The volume of revolution is obtained by the rotation about the axis through 180° of a plane generatrix curve consisting of straight line segments and arcs of circles. The non-stationary algorithm is the iterative process at each stage of which the deformation of a grid and then its optimization are carried out. The deformation of a grid is implemented within the geometrical approach, and the optimization of a grid within the variational approach. Iterations are continued until the necessary deformation is reached. The algorithm is realized in the computer code written in C++. © Published under licence by IOP Publishing Ltd

Spontaneous and activation-induced apoptosis of peripheral blood mononuclear cells in the pathogenesis of type 1 diabetes mellitus

Apoptosis is the leading mechanism of pancreatic β-cell destruction in type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). Assessment of activation apoptosis in response to stimulation with mitogen or a specific antigen is considered more significant when studying apoptosis markers in peripheral blood mononuclear cells to clarify the role of programmed cell death in pathogenesis of various diseases, since the role of apoptosis in immune response is increased in activated cells. It has been established that the stimuli that activate resting Tlymphocytes initiate apoptotic death of activated T lymphocytes. Therefore, detection of spontaneous apoptosis only is not very informative. In addition, determination of cell sensitivity to apoptosis induction makes it possible to identify relations of pathological process to the enhancement or weakening of this sensitivity. The key point in the T1DM initiation is apoptosis resistance of activated autoreactive T lymphocytes, that migrate from bloodstream to the pancreas and take an active part in destruction of the pancreatic insular structures. Despite long studies of T1DM pathogenesis, the exact causes of resistance of effector T cell clones to apoptosis remain unclear. There are no facts that answer the question: to what extent is the ability of T lymphocytes of peripheral blood to enter into apoptosis associated with severity and duration of the disease. In this regard, the aim of the study was to evaluate the effectiveness of in vitro activation-induced apoptosis of T lymphocytes in the patients with T1DM, depending on the state of compensation and duration of the disease. The features of activationinduced apoptosis have been studied in cultures of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) in the patients with T1DM. Phytohemagglutinin (PHA) and insulin were used as apoptosis inducers. Increased in vitro sensitivity of PBMC to activation-induced apoptosis was revealed in T1DM patients. The strongest apoptotic response to PHA was detected in cases of T1DM decompensation. Considering predominantly Tcells to undergo apoptosis in response to PHA stimulation, one may speak about high sensitivity of activated T lymphocytes to induced apoptosis in the patients with T1DM. The highest level of activation-induced apoptosis in response to insulin stimulation was revealed in the compensation phase of T1DM. We have found that the intensity of spontaneous and activation-induced apoptosis correlates with decompensation of the disease and the degree of β-cells secretory function disorder. In fact, strong direct correlation was observed between the percentage of hypodiploid cells and blood concentration of glucose, and the inverse correlation was shown between the number of apoptotic cells and serum levels of C-peptide. The data obtained are in accordance with the modern concept of T1DM immunopathogenesis, which includes a development of autoimmune diseases associated not only with enhanced apoptosis of target cells, but also with a defect in phagocytic clearance of apoptotic cells due to impaired efferocytosis, i.e., phagocytosis of apoptotic cells. Thus, the maximal increase in spontaneous and activation-induced apoptosis levels of peripheral blood lymphocytes during the DM-1 decompensation is explained not only by the hyperglycemia effects, but also by the secondary immune response to the so-called “late apoptotic” or “secondary necrotic” β-cells, due to their ineffective phagocytic clearance

Влияние осеннего состояния растений озимых зерновых культур на зимостойкость при разных сроках посева

Research on the influence of autumn plant condition as a factor affecting the cold hardiness of winter wheat, rye, and triticale was conducted at the Siberian Scientific Research Institute of Plant Growing and Breeding, a branch of the Institute of Cytology and Genetics, SB RAS, from 2018 to 2021. Morphological indicators of pre-winter plant condition in cereal crops (plant height, number of tillering shoots, and green mass) are primarily associated with the sowing date (contributing to 54.68–85.86%) and genotypic characteristics of winter crops (contributing to 3.63–22.81%). The best morphological indicators were observed with the first sowing date, which decreased by the third sowing date. Over the research period, more vigorous growth, the formation of tillering shoots, and the development of green mass were observed in winter rye compared to triticale and wheat, regardless of the sowing date. In addition to morphological changes in plants, biochemical changes were also observed (sugar content in the tillering node). The accumulation of sugars was influenced by the meteorological conditions of the year (contributing to 30.36%) and determined by the biological characteristics of the crop (contributing to 18.69%). High sugar content in the node of tillering of rye was found in 2020 - 34.3–43.4%, in wheat - 22.8–32.5%, and in triticale - 28.4–37.3%, which can be explained by excellent vegetative conditions promoting the accumulation of more sugars in the node of tillering of plants. At different sowing dates, high sugar content was observed in winter rye: in the first - 36.5%, the second - 26.8%, and the third - 31.3%. Triticale exceeded winter rye in sugar content in the second - 29.5% and third sowing date - 33.0%. Winter rye exhibited high morphological and biochemical indicators in autumn, contributing to its high cold hardiness (80–100%) at different sowing dates. A positive correlation was established with plant height and tillering coefficient (r =0.90*–0.91*), indicating increased cold hardiness with these traits. Wheat and triticale significantly lagged behind rye due to their lower resistance to extreme negative temperatures compared to rye. It was found that an increase in linear growth promotes increased cold hardiness, the formation of tillering shoots, and the amount of sugars in the node of tillering (r =0.34…0.93*) in wheat and the maximum height and number of tillering shoots (r =0.84*…0.94*) in triticale in the autumn period.Исследования по изучению осеннего состояния растений как фактора, влияющего на зимостойкость озимых пшеницы, ржи и тритикале, проведены на базе СибНИИРС – филиала ИЦиГ СО РАН в 2018–2021 гг. Морфологические показатели предзимнего состояния растений у зерновых культур (высота растений, количество побегов кущения и зеленая масса) во многом связаны со сроком посева (доля влияния 54,68–85,86 %) и генотипическими особенностями озимых культур (доля влияния 3,63–22,81 %). Наилучшие морфологические показатели выявлены при первом сроке посева, которые снижали свои параметры к третьему сроку. За период исследований отмечены более интенсивные рост, образование побегов кущения и формирование зеленой массы у растений озимой ржи при разных сроках посева по сравнению с тритикале и пшеницей. Помимо морфологических изменений растений наблюдались биохимические изменения (содержание сахаров в узле кущения). Процесс накопления сахаров обусловливался метеорологическими условиями года (доля влияния 30,36 %) и определялся биологическими особенностями культуры (доля влияния 18,69 %). Выявлено высокое содержание сахаров в узле кущения в 2020 г. у ржи – 34,3–43,4 %, у пшеницы – 22,8–32,5 и у тритикале – 28,4–37,3 %, что объясняется прохладными условиями вегетации, которые способствуют накоплению большего количества сахаров в узле кущения растений. При разных сроках посева высокие показатели содержания сахаров наблюдаются у озимой ржи: при первом – 36,5 %, втором – 26,8, третьем – 31,3 %. Тритикале превышает озимую рожь по содержанию сахаров при втором – 29,5 % и третьем сроке посева – 33,0 %. Высокими морфологическими и биохимическими показателями состояния растений в осенний период выделяется озимая рожь, которая имеет высокий уровень зимостойкости (80–100 %) при разных сроках посева. Установлена положительная корреляционная связь с высотой растений и коэффициентом кущения (r =0,90*–0,91*), что говорит о повышении зимостойкости при увеличении данных признаков. Пшеница и тритикале значительно уступают ржи, что связано с их пониженной устойчивостью к максимальным отрицательным температурам по сравнению с рожью.  Выявлено, что повышению зимостойкости способствуют увеличение линейного роста, побегообразования растений и количества сахаров в узле кущения (r =0,34–0,93*) у пшеницы и максимальный уровень высоты и количества побегов кущения (r =0,84*–0,94*) у тритикале в осенний период

Генетическая модель болезни двигательного нейрона у мышей линии B6SjL-tg: новые данные о динамике двигательных нарушений и иммуногистохимических проявлений нейродегенеративного процесса

Introduction. Over the past several decades, the study of mutations associated with motor neuron disease has led to the development of a number of transgenic animal models of motor neuron disease. One of the causes of the familial form of this disorder is mutations in the gene encoding Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase 1. The B6SJL-Tg (SOD1*G93A) mouse strain expresses a mutant form of human superoxide dismutase 1. Aim of study. To assess motor functions, dynamics of survival, and morphological changes in the spinal cord of transgenic B6SJL-Tg (SOD1*G93A) mice. Material and methods. In total, 31 animals have been studied. Starting from the age of 22 weeks, once every two weeks, the “open field” and “beam walking” motor tests were performed. The morphological changes in the spinal cord were evaluated at intermediate (26–35 weeks) and late stages (40–45 weeks). Neuronal proteins NeuN and PGP9.5, gliofibrillar protein, cyclonucleotide phosphatase (a marker of oligodendroglia) and a marker protein of microglia IBA1 were detected by immunohistochemistry; antibodies MTC02 to the outer membrane protein were used to detect mitochondria. Results. Motor problems appeared at the age of 24–26 weeks and steadily progressed; one could see consistent paresis of the hindlimbs, then the forelimbs, which was accompanied by general hypotrophy of the animals. There was a greater variability in the timing of symptom onset and life expectancy in males compared to females. The neurodegenerative process with damage to motor neurons was accompanied by the activation of micro- and astroglia. A sharp decrease in immunoreactivity to the mitochondrial marker MTC02 was found. Conclusion. The obtained results demonstrate new details of the development of a complex of motor and pathomorphological changes characteristic of motor neuron disease in B6SJL-Tg (SOD1*G93A) mice. Clarification of the fine dynamics of the neurodegenerative process in these animals is of great importance for monitoring the course of the disease during preclinical trials of new drugs and methods of gene therapy.Введение. За последние несколько десятилетий изучение мутаций, связанных с болезнью двигательного нейрона, привело к разработке ряда трансгенных моделей этого заболевания на животных. Одной из известных причин семейной формы болезни двигательного нейрона являются мутации в гене, кодирующем Cu / Zn-супероксиддисмутазу 1 (SOD1). Линия мышей B6SJL-Tg (SOD1*G93A) экспрессирует мутантную форму данного гена и может рассматриваться как анимальная модель болезни двигательного нейрона. Цель исследования – оценить двигательные функции, динамику выживаемости и морфологические изменения в спинном мозге трансгенных мышей B6SJL-Tg (SOD1*G93A). Материалы и методы. В исследование было взято 31 животное с указанной мутацией, которым начиная с возраста 22 нед, раз в 2 нед проводили двигательные тесты «открытое поле» и «сужающаяся дорожка». Морфологические изменения в спинном мозге оценивали на промежуточных (26–35 нед) и поздних стадиях (40–45 нед). Иммуногистохимически выявляли нейрональные белки NeuN и PGP9.5, глиофибриллярный белок, циклонуклеотидфосфатазу (маркер олигодендроглии) и маркерный белок микроглии IBA1, для выявления митохондрий использовали антитела MTC02 к белку наружной мембраны. Результаты. Двигательные нарушения появлялись в возрасте 24–26 нед и неуклонно прогрессировали, наблюдался восходящий парез задних, затем передних конечностей, что сопровождалось общей гипотрофией животных. Отмечена бóльшая вариабельность в сроках появления симптомов и продолжительности жизни самцов по сравнению с самками. Нейродегенеративный процесс с поражением двигательных нейронов сопровождался активацией микро- и астроглии. Обнаружено резкое снижение иммунореактивности к митохондриальному маркеру MTC02. Заключение. Полученные результаты демонстрируют особенности развития у мышей B6SJL-Tg (SOD1*G93A) комплекса двигательных и патоморфологических изменений, характерных для болезни двигательного нейрона. Уточнение тонкой динамики нейродегенеративного процесса у модельных животных имеет значение для мониторинга течения болезни при проведении доклинических испытаний новых лекарственных препаратов и методов генной терапии

Minimum-phase method for the reference estimation of object size in problems of RF holography

The method for determining the object size of the holographic radio-wave imaging based on the grid minimization of size values of the phase magnitude of scalar product of the scattering fields for the analyzed and reference objects has been developed and tested. The statistical characteristics of the method were obtained and analyzed for different shapes of the scattering object: ideally conducting infinite circular cylinder, circular cylinder of finite length, and infinite tapes. The proposed method allows us to ensure the determination of dimensions with accuracy much better than the hardware resolution of the system

Interaction between dislipidaemia, atherosclerosis of carotid artery and cognitive impairment in discirculatory encephalopathy

107 patients with discirculatory encephalopathy were examined. The main syndromes of the disease were a mild cognitive impairment, vascular parkinsonism, pseudobulbar, ataxia. Сorrelations between level cholesterol, lipoproteids low density in the blood with extent of atherosclerosis in the carotid artery and cognitive functions were analysed. The presence of atherosclerotic plaques, not thicking of intima-media complex, correlates with changes of memory and attention