Development and implementation of guidelines for the management of depression: a systematic review

Objective: To evaluate the development and implementation of clinical practice guidelines for the management of depression globally. Methods: We conducted a systematic review of existing guidelines for the management of depression in adults with major depressive or bipolar disorder. For each identified guideline, we assessed compliance with measures of guideline development quality (such as transparency in guideline development processes and funding, multidisciplinary author group composition, systematic review of comparative efficacy research) and implementation (such as quality indicators). We compared guidelines from low- and middle-income countries with those from high-income countries. Findings: We identified 82 national and 13 international clinical practice guidelines from 83 countries in 27 languages. Guideline development processes and funding sources were explicitly specified in a smaller proportion of guidelines from low- and middle-income countries (8/29; 28%) relative to high-income countries (35/58; 60%). Fewer guidelines (2/29; 7%) from low- and middle-income countries, relative to high-income countries (22/58; 38%), were authored by a multidisciplinary development group. A systematic review of comparative effectiveness was conducted in 31% (9/29) of low- and middle-income country guidelines versus 71% (41/58) of high-income country guidelines. Only 10% (3/29) of low- and middle-income country and 19% (11/58) of high-income country guidelines described plans to assess quality indicators or recommendation adherence. Conclusion: Globally, guideline implementation is inadequately planned, reported and measured. Narrowing disparities in the development and implementation of guidelines in low- and middle-income countries is a priority. Future guidelines should present strategies to implement recommendations and measure feasibility, cost-effectiveness and impact on health outcomes

Triarylazoimidazole-ZnII, CdII, and HgII Complexes: Structures, Photophysics, and Antibacterial Properties

Novel triarylazoimidazoles containing strong electron donors (p-NEt2) or acceptors (p-NO2) by the azoaryl group, and their group 12 metal complexes were synthesized and fully characterized, including X-ray analysis for several complexes. Novel complexes exhibit red photo-luminescence emission (Φ up to  0.21) in a solution. Moreover, the antibacterial activity of complexes was tested against Gram-positive microorganism S. aureus and Gram-negative microorganism E. coli

Triarylazoimidazole-Zn^II, Cd^II, and Hg^II Complexes: Structures, Photophysics, and Antibacterial Properties

Novel triarylazoimidazoles containing strong electron donors (p-NEt2) or acceptors (p-NO2) by the azoaryl group, and their group 12 metal complexes were synthesized and fully characterized, including X-ray analysis for several complexes. Novel complexes exhibit red photo-luminescence emission (Φ up to  0.21) in a solution. Moreover, the antibacterial activity of complexes was tested against Gram-positive microorganism S. aureus and Gram-negative microorganism E. coli

The Impact of Backbone Fluorination and Side-Chain Position in Thiophene-Benzothiadiazole-Based Hole-Transport Materials on the Performance and Stability of Perovskite Solar Cells

Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) currently reach high efficiencies, while their insufficient stability remains an obstacle to their technological commercialization. The introduction of hole-transport materials (HTMs) into the device structure is a key approach for enhancing the efficiency and stability of devices. However, currently, the influence of the HTM structure or properties on the characteristics and operational stability of PSCs remains insufficiently studied. Herein, we present four novel push-pull small molecules, H1-4, with alternating thiophene and benzothiadiazole or fluorine-loaded benzothiadiazole units, which contain branched and linear alkyl chains in the different positions of terminal thiophenes to evaluate the impact of HTM structure on PSC performance. It is demonstrated that minor changes in the structure of HTMs significantly influence their behavior in thin films. In particular, H3 organizes into highly ordered lamellar structures in thin films, which proves to be crucial in boosting the efficiency and stability of PSCs. The presented results shed light on the crucial role of the HTM structure and the morphology of films in the performance of PSCs

Incorporation of Vanadium(V) Oxide in Hybrid Hole Transport Layer Enables Long-term Operational Stability of Perovskite Solar Cells

Recent studies have shown that charge transport interlayers with low gas permeability can increase the operational lifetime of perovskite solar cells serving as a barrier for migration of volatile decomposition products from the photoactive layer. Herein we present a hybrid hole transport layer (HTL) comprised of p-type polytriarylamine (PTAA) polymer and vanadium(V) oxide (VOx). Devices with PTAA/VOx top HTL reach up to 20% efficiency and demonstrate negligible degradation after 4500 h of light soaking, whereas reference cells using PTAA/MoOx as HTL lose ∼50% of their initial efficiency under the same aging conditions. It was shown that the main origin of the enhanced device stability lies in the higher tolerance of VOx toward MAPbI3 compared to the MoOx interlayer, which tends to facilitate perovskite decomposition. Our results demonstrate that the application of PTAA/VOx hybrid HTL enables long-term operational stability of perovskite solar cells, thus bringing them closer to commercial applications.Peer reviewe